Zografou Monastery

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Zografou Monastery
View from the bell tower

The Zografou Monastery ( Middle Greek Μονή Ζωγράφου , Bulgarian Зографски манастир , often also Zographou Monastery ) is one of the 20 monasteries of the monastic republic of Athos . The official name of the monastery is Monastery of St. George Sograf (Bulgarian манастир "Светѝ Гео̀рги Зогра̀ф" / Sweti Georgi Sograf , German Monastery of St. George the Painter ).

In the hierarchical order it is the ninth monastery of the Athos monasteries. The monks there are of Bulgarian origin today .

The main festival days of the monastery are April 23 , name day of St. George , and October 10 , name day of the St. Martyrs of Zografou. The monastery is named after Zograf Peak , a mountain on Livingston Island in Antarctica.

location

Map of the Athos monasteries

Zografou is the northernmost monastery on the southwest side of Mount Athos. The monastery is located at 152 m above sea level on a mountain slope above the gorge of the Zográfitikos Lákos stream and cannot be seen from the sea.

history

According to legend , the monastery was founded in the early 10th century by three brothers Moses, Aaron and Ioannes from Ohrid during the reign of Emperor Leo VI. founded. The founding legend reports that the brothers could not agree on a patron saint for the monastery. They then set up an empty wooden plaque in the church and asked for a divine sign. The next morning they found the non-human-made image of St. George on the icon . Therefore the monastery was consecrated to St. George and was nicknamed Zografou ( monastery of the painter ).

The first Typikon of Athos from 972 already shows the signature of a monk Geórgios o zográphos ( Γεώργιος ο ζωγράφος, George the painter). However, since he is not referred to as Hegumenos , he was not yet abbot of a monastery at that time . It is likely that it was the leader of a monastic community from which the monastery was subsequently formed. The monastery was named after the patron saint of this George, St. George, and his profession.

The oldest mention of the monastery can be found in a document from 980, after which it is only mentioned again in sources from the middle of the 11th century.

On October 10, 1276, 26 monks who opposed the union of the Orthodox and Catholic Churches after the Second Council of Lyon in 1274 were burned in the attack of the Catalan Crusaders. A marble cenotaph built in 1873 commemorates this incident.

Like all Athos monasteries, the monastery was plundered and devastated by the Catalan Company from 1307 to 1309 .

Only thanks to the great support, especially from the Bulgarian tsars, as well as from the paleologists-emperor Andronikos II. , Michael IX. and John V and other south-east European rulers, the monastery was able to overcome severe strokes of fate, such as the looting and burning of the monastery by the Catalan company in 1308 .

Tsar Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria was the custodian of the monastery in 1342 .

buildings

Zografou monastery catholicon , early 19th century

The buildings of the monastery that are visible today go back to a renovation in the 19th century.

Library

The library contains 126 Greek and 388 Slavic manuscripts as well as over 8000 books. In 1843 the Codex Zographensis named after the monastery was discovered there, which represents one of the most important Old Church Slavonic Gospel manuscripts and was donated to the Russian tsar in 1860. Today it is in the Russian National Library in Saint Petersburg . In the monastery library u. a. the Vitosha document (Bulgarian Витошка грамота) is still kept.

The library of the monastery also houses the autograph of the Slav-Bulgarian story by Païssi of Hilandar , which was written in the neighboring Hilandar monastery . In 1985 the Bulgarian State Security managed to steal the work from the monastery and bring it to Bulgaria through Operation Maraton. After the fall of communism in Bulgaria, the Bulgarian President Petar Stojanow returned the original to the monastery in 1998.

At the end of October 2017, a 10-year cooperation agreement with Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski ”signed to further develop the“ Zograph digital archive ”project . As recently as 2010, the scientists encountered legitimate suspicion on the part of the monks. Not only had Slav-Bulgarian history been stolen from the monastery for many years, scientists also bought valuable manuscripts for little money without informing the monks of their true value. When this method was exposed, they gained the monks' trust and pretended to only borrow the manuscripts for research purposes , but then did not give them back. Only after four years of persuading people about the value of digitization was it possible to start cautiously in 2014 on a small scale. In this context, the monastery reorganized its archive using the most modern means.

  • View of the monastery from 1744 by Wassili Grigorowich Barskii, before the renovations of the 19th century

  • General view of the monastery, approx. 1860–70

  • Icons inside the Catholic

  • Arsanas of the monastery

literature

  • Wilhelm Regel, Eduard Kurtz, B. Korablev: Actes de Zographou. Actes de l'Athos 4. St. Petersburg 1907 (reprinted by Hakkert, Amsterdam 1969).
  • Sotiris Kadas: Mount Athos. Ekdotike Athenon, Athens 1987, pp. 85-89.
  • Bozidar Rajkov: Catalog na slavjanskite răkopisi v bibliotekata na Zografskija Manastir v Sveta Gora. Catalog of the Slavic manuscripts in the Athos monastery Zographou Holy Mountain. CIBAL, Sofia 1994, ISBN 954-523-006-1 .
  • Vassil Gjuzelev : Zographer . In: Lexikon des Mittelalters Vol. 9, 1999, Col. 662-663.
  • Paul M. Mylonas: Atlas of Athos. Wasmuth, Tübingen 2000, ISBN 3-8030-1047-0 , Vol. 1, 1, 1 pp. 125-128. Vol. 1, 1, 2 pp. 182-197. Vol. 1, 1, 3 Plan 109.
  • Andreas Müller : Mount Athos. History of a monastic republic. CH Beck, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-406-50851-0 , pp. 93-95.
  • Kiril Pavlikianov : Istorija na Bălgarskija Svetogorski Manastir Zograf ot 980 do 1804 g. Svidetelstvata na dvadeset i sedem neizvestni dokumenta. History of the Bulgarian Athonite Monastery of Zografou from 980 to 1804. The evidence of twenty-seven unknown documents. Universitetsko Sv. Kliment Ochridski, Sofia 2005, ISBN 954-07-2260-8 .
  • Kiril Pavlikianov: The early years of the Bulgarian Athonite monastery of Zographou (980-1279) and its Byzantine archive. Critical edition of the Greek and Slavic documents. University of Sofia St. Kliment Ohridski, Faculty of Classical and Modern Philology, Sofia 2011, ISBN 978-954-853602-8 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ This icon is still venerated today in the catholicon of the monastery. However, it is used by science in the 14./15. Dated century.
  2. ↑ Denise Papachryssanthou: Actes du Protaton. Lethiellux, Paris 1975, p. 167 no.7.
  3. ^ Andreas Müller: Mount Athos. History of a monastic republic. CH Beck, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-406-50851-0 . P. 94.
  4. ↑ Hans-Dieter Döpmann: The Bulgarians and the Zograph monastery. In: Helmut Wilhelm Schaller, Rumjana Slatanova (ed.): German-Bulgarian culture and science transfer. With bibliographies on "Bulgarian Studies in Germany" and on the "Glagolica of the Slavic teacher Konstantin-Kyrill." Frank & Timme GmbH Publishing House for Scientific Literature, Berlin 2013, p. 14: This happened when the Catalan crusaders attacked and ravaged the monastery. Around 100 manuscripts and valuable church equipment were destroyed. The cenotaph was erected in place of the tower that was also destroyed. In the church “St. Georg ”there are wall paintings depicting the martyrdom and death of the believers.
  5. ↑ Christo Christow: С операция "МАРАТОН" Държавна сигурност е откраднала Паисиевата история от "Зограф". With Operation Maraton. (No longer available online.) Desebg.com, October 11, 2012, archived from the original on October 14, 2012 ; Retrieved October 11, 2012 (Bulgarian). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / desebg.com
  6. ↑ Bulgaria: Digitization of the manuscripts of the Zograph monastery. The uniqueness of the archive lies in the continuous collection of manuscripts since the 10th century. In: Kathpress , Information Orthodoxy. Issue No. 0, January 10, 2018, p. 27

Web links

Commons : Zografou Monastery  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 40 ° 18 ′ 21 ″  N , 24 ° 9 ′ 37 ″  E