Kopswerk II
| Kopswerk II | |||
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| location | |||
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| Coordinates | 46 ° 58 '31 " N , 10 ° 2' 41" E | ||
| country | Austria | ||
| Waters | Kopssee | ||
| Data | |||
| Type | pumped storage power plant | ||
| power | 525 MW (turbines) 450 MW (pumps) |
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| owner | illwerke vkw AG | ||
| operator | illwerke vkw AG | ||
| Project start | 2004 (start of construction) | ||
| Start of operations | 2008 | ||
| Website | www.illwerkevkw.at | ||
The Kops II is a pumped storage power plant of illwerke vkw AG in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg . The system is located in Gaschurn in the Montafon and draws its water from the Silvretta mountain group.
The Kopswerk II was built as a cavern power plant (the entire system of this hydroelectric power plant is housed in the mountain), so that only the entrance to the mountain and the switchgear are visible from the outside .
The power plant
The Kopswerk II is implemented as a pumped storage power plant with three vertical-axis machine sets with an output of 150 MW each . The machine sets not only allow use in turbine operation for the purpose of generating electricity, but also offer the possibility of pumping water that has passed through the system and is in the underwater basin back into the upper water basin for reuse. The principle of the hydraulic short circuit is used for stepless control of the pump operation.
At the time of commissioning, the power plant expanded the capacity of the Illwerke network in turbine operation by 36 percent and in pump operation by 85 percent.
The power plant uses the existing Kopssee as an upper water basin to drive the turbines , which also supplies the Kops I power plant with head water. The Kopswerk II uses the Rifa basin as an underwater basin , unlike the Kopswerk I, which uses the Partenen compensation basin as an underwater basin . Both basins are about 500 meters as the crow flies with a 20-meter difference in altitude and are connected to one another via the Rifa plant , which was designed for turbine and pump operation. Both compensation basins are located between the villages of Gaschurn and Partenen in the Montafon.
The construction project
The project, which was estimated to cost EUR 360 million, was divided into three construction lots. Construction began in September 2004, and the first machine was put into operation in March 2008. On November 16, 2008, all three machines were put into trial operation; Unrestricted approval for turbine and pump operation will take place on December 11, 2008.
The first construction lot consisted of the 5.5 km long Versal II pressure tunnel , which implements water from the Kopssee to the start of the pressure shaft in the Maisäß Tafamunt . The tunnel was excavated between August 2005 and July 22, 2006 with a tunnel boring machine . In order to be able to build the inlet structure of the tunnel in the Kopssee, the content of the lake was drained in winter 2005/2006. When the snow melted, the lake was filled with water again after a throttle valve had been installed in the tunnel.
The second construction lot included the construction of a 1.1 kilometer long pressure shaft and the water lock near Tafamunt. The pressure shaft with a diameter of 4.60 meters and a gradient of 80% (38.7 °) leads from Tafamunt at an altitude of around 1,600 meters into the valley floor to the power house and overcomes a height difference of around 700 m. The shaft was milled with the help of mechanical driving through a tunnel boring machine uphill from the valley. The pressure tunnel is provided with steel pipes with a diameter of 3.80 m.
The task of the water tower built inside the mountain is to reduce pressure surges when switching from turbine to pump operation (function similar to an expansion tank ). The moated castle is located at the transition from the Versal tunnel to the pressure shaft in Tafamunt.
As part of the third construction lot, the cavern power house was built in the valley floor. To accommodate the power plant, two caverns were blasted about 150 m into the mountain : The machine cavern houses the main pumps, the hydraulic start-up converters, the motor generators and the Pelton turbines , while the transformers are housed in the second cavern . This construction lot also includes the implementation of the underwater guidance from the powerhouse into the Rifa basin. This tunnel crosses under the L188 and the Ill. During normal operation of the power plant, this tunnel is responsible for the drainage of the water into the underwater basin and for the backflow of the water from this during the pumping operation.
Technical specifications
Technical key data of the system:
Caverns:
- The machine cavern is 88 m long, approx. 30½ m wide and is 60½ meters high at the highest point. The rock excavation volume is 113,000 m³ ( Silvretta crystalline ). The three machine sets with a height of 38 m each are mounted in it. The main building of St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna could be accommodated in the rock cavern with the machine sets .
- The transformer cavern is 35 m long, 16 m wide and 19 m high. The excavated volume is 8,100 m³. The cavern houses three transformers which are connected to the generators in the machine cavern via busbars .
- Rock anchors and shotcrete shell installed to stabilize the caverns up to about 30 m in length.
- Two heavy-duty bridge cranes , each with a load capacity of 130 tons (tandem lift : 250 tons) for installation and overhauls.
Upper water management:
- The upper water channel created by the Versal II pressure tunnel and the Tafamunt pressure shaft into the valley floor is a total of 6,687 m long, of which 5,552 m are accounted for by the pressure tunnel and the remaining 1,135 m by the pressure shaft. The diameter of the pressure tunnel is 4.90 m, the pressure shaft is 3.80 m in diameter.
- The moated castle in Tafamunt consists of two chambers and a riser shaft between the two chambers and a ventilation tunnel to the surface of the earth. The lower chamber is 270 m long and has a diameter of 7 m. The upper chamber is 240 m long with an inner diameter of 6.10 meters. The riser shaft connecting the two chambers is 192 m long, has a diameter of 5.10 m and has a longitudinal incline of 49 °.
- The Tafamunt window gallery , which is 800 m long, is used for the construction, maintenance and control of the moated castle . It opens into the lower chamber.
Underwater guidance: The underwater guidance from the machine cavern to the Rifa basin consists of the following components:
- Compressed air water lock : 3 45 m long chambers (52 m² cross section) and a 77 meter long connecting tunnel.
- Underwater water lock with a 47 m long lower chamber, a 31 m high riser shaft with a 12 m diameter and a small upper surge chamber.
- Underwater tunnel : 267 m long, diameter between 7 m and 5.8 m.
- Inlet and outlet structure in the Rifa basin.
Water use
- The Kopswerk II exclusively uses the existing water catchments of the illwerke vkw AG (Kopssee, Rifa basin).
- Intake structure for 80 m 3 / s
- Gross head: 818 m
Machine sets
- three machine sets consisting of turbine - motor generator - converter - pump (each on one shaft ).
- Turbine type: six-nozzle Pelton turbine with a maximum flow of 25.3 m 3 / s at a water speed at the nozzles of around 460 km / h.
- Motor generator: synchronous generator / synchronous motor .
- Converter: synchronizing converter including tooth clutch.
- Pump: three-stage storage pump with a delivery capacity of maximum 19.3 m 3 / s.
- Nominal speed 500 min −1 .
- Height of a machine set: around 38 m.
- Nominal generator power: 200 MVA (total 600 MVA)
- Nominal output (turbine operation) maximum ( bottleneck output ): 175 MW per machine set (total 525 MW).
- Nominal output (pump operation) maximum: 150 MW per machine set (total 450 MW).
- Changeover time from turbine to pump operation: approx. 60 s (water column is stopped in approx. 20 s and pushed in the opposite direction in approx. 40 s. Weight of the water column approx. 110,000 tons).
- Control ability between turbine and pump operation: 0-100%
- Start time for energy delivery: about 2 minutes.
Block transformers , switchgear, energy transport, energy use
- Transformer nominal power: 200 MVA each.
- Transformer weight: 165 tons each.
- Energy transport from the transformer cavern to the switchgear: 220 kV underground cable.
- Indoor SF 6 switchgear for 245 kV next to the outdoor switchgear of the Rifa plant at the Rifa equalization basin.
- Connection to the 220 kV Partenen-Bürs line.
- Energy use: for peak and control energy .
Hydraulic integration
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Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ First machine in operation (March 18, 2008)
- ↑ a b Self-disclosure Vorarlberger Illwerke AG
- ↑ Length: 5552 m, diameter: 4.90 m, longitudinal slope 0.4%. The pressure tunnel was lined with precast concrete parts (so-called segments )
- ↑ Types of rock, especially amphibolite , various types of gneiss , mica schist
- ↑ See also: New Austrian Tunneling Method .