Kowalewice

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Kowalewice (German Alt Kugelwitz ) is a village in the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship . It belongs to the rural community Darłowo ( Rügenwalde ) in the Powiat Sławieński ( Schlawe district ).

Geographical location

Kowalewice is located in Western Pomerania 9 km east of Darłowo ( Rügenwalde ) on the southern bank of the Wieprza ( Wipper ), on a connecting road between the highways 203 and 205 , which lead from Rügenwalde to Ustka ( Stolpmünde ) and Sławno ( Schlawe ). The nearest train station is in Nowy Jarosław ( Neu Järshagen ). The small village Borzyszkowo ( Renkenhagen ) is incorporated. Neighboring markings are in the west Krupy ( Grupenhagen ), in the north Kowalewiczki ( Neu Kugelwitz ), in the east Stary Kraków ( Old Krakow ) and in the south a forest area, which before 1945 was known as the Alt Krakow State Forest .

In the north, the Wipper forms the natural boundary of the district. With its meadow valley, it determines the character of the village. The terrain is flat and undulating at an altitude of about 20 meters above sea level; in the glacial valley of the Wipper it drops to about 8 meters. The highest point is near the Alt Krakow border and is around 28 meters.

Settlement structure

Alt Kugelwitz was a village and parish. In 1818 the settlement had 289 inhabitants. Before 1871 the number of inhabitants remained below 300, only to rise temporarily to over 400 by 1939. It was an almost exclusively agricultural village community; workers and craftsmen also had agricultural land. The farms were between 5 and 38 hectares in size, pig fattening and dairy farming were the main sources of income.

A small stream, which flows from the south into the Wipper, divided the village into the lower western lower village , in which the post office and an inn were, and the upper upper village eastern, with school and church.

history

The place names Alt Kugelwitz and Neu Kugelwitz go back to the former Kugelwitz domain , which was parceled out as part of the Stein-Hardenberg agricultural reforms at the beginning of the 19th century, and the two places emerged as independent villages within the boundaries of this area. According to a document from 1347, this domain, which was originally a manor , was called Kugelwytze in the Middle Ages . In the 18th century the domain was also known as Kugelfitz . Before the agrarian reform, the settlement of Alt Kugelwitz was known as Klein Kugelwitz . After the separation of the farms from the Vorwerk , the neighboring village of Neu Kugelwitz was formed from the settlement with the remnants .

In the Middle Ages the domain had apparently been owned by the von Sanitz family; in any case, Carthusian monks bought from the Marienkron monastery between 1407 and 1495 from the von Sanitz Klein Kugelwitz family. In 1528 there were attacks by farmers from the ducal office of Rügenwalder in the monastery-owned forests of Klein Kugelwitz . After the dissolution of the monastery as a result of the Reformation , Klein Kugelwitz became part of the Rügenwalder office. On the occasion of a visit in 1561, the city council of Rügenwalde settled border disputes that had also existed between Kugelwitz and "der Wüsteneye".

The inventories of the Rügenwalder office show that in 1648 the Schulze Jochim Schwarte headed the village of Klein Kugelwitz, in which 11 farmers and two land kossäts were resident. In 1784 the village had a free school , 17 farmers, three kossas, three Büdner , a school owner , to which the school house belonged, a shepherd's cottage and a total of 24 fireplaces (households). Until the peasants were liberated, the villagers on the Kugelwitz Vorwerk were subject to manual and tension service .

On March 7, 1945, Alt Kugelwitz was occupied by Soviet troops. Soon afterwards, a Soviet headquarters moved into the Neu Kugelwitz manor house. After Western Pomerania was placed under Polish administration, the expulsion of the German population began in Alt- and Neu Kugelwitz due to the so-called Bierut decrees and the influx of Polish and Ukrainian immigrants who came from areas east of the Curzon Line . The first expulsions took place in December 1945, others on August 17, 1946. The last Germans left Alt Kugelwitz on June 10, 1947.

literature

  • Martha Maass: Alt Kugelwitz . In: Manfred Vollack (Ed.): The Schlawe district. A Pomeranian homeland book . Volume 2: The cities and rural communities . Husum 1989, pp. 815-818.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Road map of Hinterpommern: Köslin - Stolp - Danzig , 9th edition, Höfer Verlag, Dietzenbach 2005, ISBN 978-3931-103-14-9 .
  2. ↑ Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann (ed.): Detailed description of the current state of the Royal Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Part II, Volume 2, Stettin 1784, p. 854, No. 15 and p. 863, No. 8 .

Coordinates: 54 ° 27 '  N , 16 ° 34'  E