Stary Kraków

Stary Kraków
	Stary Kraków
Basic data
State :	Poland
Voivodeship :	West Pomerania
Powiat :	Sławno
Gmina :	Sławno
Area :	48.67  km²
Geographic location :	54 ° 26 '  N , 16 ° 37'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 26 '18 "  N , 16 ° 37' 0"  E
Residents :	292 ()
Telephone code :	(+48) 59
License plate :	ZSL
Economy and Transport
Next international airport :	Danzig

Stary Kraków (German Alt Krakow ) is a village in Poland in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship , Powiat Sławieński . It belongs to the rural community Sławno ( Schlawe ).

Geographical location

Stary Kraków is located in Western Pomerania , eleven kilometers north of the district town of Sławno on a side road that branches off from the voivodship road 205 Sławno - Darłowo ( Rügenwalde ) to Kanin ( Kannin ) on the voivodship road 203 Darłowo - Ustka ( Stolpmünde ). There is a rail connection via Sławno to the state railway lines No. 202 ( Danzig - Stargard ) and No. 418 (Darłowo - Korzybie ( Zollbrück )).

In the north the district is bounded by the Wieprza ( Wipper ). Numerous streams run through the district, such as the Dornbach , Waldbach , Blümchenbach and Mühlenbach . There are also two former mill ponds and the actual village pond, formerly called Großer Paul . The altitude of Stary Kraków is 24 meters above sea level, the highest point is the formerly so-called Höllenberg with 35 meters.

Neighboring towns of Stary Kraków are: Kanin ( Kannin ) in the north, Mazów ( Meitzow ) in the east, Stary Jarosław ( Alt Järshagen ) in the south-west and Kowalewice ( Alt Kugelwitz ) in the west .

Place name

The place name Alt Krakow (earlier only Krakow , also Cracau ) is probably of Slavic origin. " New Krakow " = "Nowy Kraków" is a former forest district near Jeżyce ( Altenhagen ), about twelve kilometers southwest of Stary Kraków. With the construction of New Krakow in the 19th century, the addition of "Old" to Krakow was introduced.

history

Krakow was first mentioned in a document in 1230, when it was transferred to the Order of St. John with the villages of Meitzow (Mazów), Schwolow (Swołowo), Kusserow (Kosierzewo) and Kannin (Kanin) . The village layout is older, however. Later, the princely Pomeranian councilor Peter von Glasenapp was enfeoffed with the place, which he gave to Duke Erich II of Pomerania in 1474 in exchange for the castle, the city and the land of Pollnow (Polanów) with other villages . Since then Krakow has belonged to the Rügenwalde office .

In 1666 Krakow was listed as one of the largest villages in the area. In 1780 the place had a preacher, a sexton, twelve peasants with the "dienstfreyen" Schulzen, five farms (including the blacksmith), two street farms , two millers, a parish farm, a preacher's widow 's house, a shepherd's house and a country hunt with a total of 21 households.

In 1818 there were 266 inhabitants registered in Krakow. Their number rose to 403 by 1885 and was still 383 in 1939. The area of ​​the municipality was 5.6 km². There were 60 residential buildings in the community that housed a total of 81 households. Before 1945 there were 38 farms in the municipality.

Shortly before the end of World War II , Alt Krakow was captured and occupied by Red Army troops on March 7, 1945 . After the whole of Western Pomerania had been placed under Polish administration at the end of the war , Poles came to the village and gradually took over the farms. Some residents were in the central labor camp Potulice at Bromberg deported . On August 7, 1946, all Germans were driven west by the Poles .

Old Krakow was renamed Stary Kraków by the Poles . The place now belongs to the Gmina Sławno in the powiat Sławieński of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship (until 1998 Slupsk Voivodeship ).

Local division until 1945

Before 1945, the Alt Krakow community had five residential spaces:

1. Old Krakow
2. Forsthaus Wilhelmshorst , state forestry office on the Wipperbrücke on the road to Kannin, with farm buildings for a twelve-hectare farm and two houses for forest workers (there was a 1000-year-old oak next to the forestry office)
3. Höllenberg , hamlet with a forest workers' house and two farms, two and a half kilometers west of the village
4. Waldmühle , watermill on the Waldmühlenbach , west of Höllenberg
5. Wilhelmshorst (Polish: Przemysławiec), state forest ranger's office with four forest workers' apartments and five farmers, one and a half kilometers southeast of the village on the dirt road to Coccejendorf (Radosław).

Development of the population

• 1818: 266
• 1885: 403
• 1925: 424
• 1939: 383

Old Krakow district

Before 1945, Old Krakow formed its own administrative district with the communities Deutschrode (Tokary), Kannin (Kanin) and Meitzow (Mazów), as well as its own civil registry area . The competent district court was in Schlawe. The office of Alt Krakow was in the district of Schlawe i. Pom. in the administrative district of Köslin in the Prussian province of Pomerania .

church

Parish

Old Krakow, with a population that was exclusively Protestant before 1945, was an independent parish and formed its own parish with Kannin (Kanin) and Meitzow (Mazów) . It belonged to the church district Rügenwalde in the church province of Pomerania of the church of the Old Prussian Union . In 1940 there were a total of 770 parishioners, for whose care the pastor - as noted in the official directory - was provided with a service vehicle.

On November 11, 1946, the last German-Protestant church service took place in the Alt Krakow Church. The church work there took over on the same day the Roman Catholic Church, which, however, only years later founded its own parish in Stary Kraków and in 1998 occupied it with a pastor. The branch church Chudaczewo ( Old Kuddezow ) is part of the parish of Stary Kraków today . With her 1066 "parishioners" she is in the Darłowo deanery in the Köslin-Kolberg diocese of the Catholic Church in Poland . Evangelical church members are looked after by the parish office in Słupsk ( Stolp ) in the diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .

Parish church

Memorial stone for the relocation of bells from Stary Kraków to Tönisvorst

The Alt Krakow Church dates from the 13th century, i.e. from the time of St. John. The foundation is made of field stones, the walls are made of bricks. The solidity of the walls suggests that it was used as a fortified church.

The baptismal font in the church is made from a boulder, just like the predecessor, which was located on the outside of the church. In 1930 the church was last renovated before the war and presented itself in a neat appearance. The outside of the pulpit bore the pictures of the four evangelists. At the exit of the pulpit was a depiction of Jesus driving out demons and another with Moses at the burning bush. The organ was the work of master organ builder Christian Friedrich Völkner from Dünnow (Duninowo) near Stolpmünde (Ustka).

At the beginning of the 20th century the church had three bells. One each had to be delivered for the world wars. The bell that was most recently confiscated was not melted down, but remained and was kept in the "Bell Cemetery" in Hamburg. Today it rings in the Christ Church in Tönisvorst in North Rhine-Westphalia .

On November 11, 1946, the 400-year-old Protestant church was re-consecrated by the Catholic Church, which gave it the name of the Mother of God of Czestochowa .

school

Until 1910 the school in Old Krakow was a small half-timbered building in the lower village. Then a very spacious, massive schoolhouse was built in the upper village. About 60 children received lessons here. The last German teachers before the expulsion were Max Schumacher and Philipp Janczikowsky .

Sons and daughters of the place

• Hans Friedrich Gadow (1855–1928), German zoologist, lecturer at Cambridge University

literature

• Manfred Vollack (Ed.): The Schlawe district. A Pomeranian homeland book. 2 volumes, Husum, 1988/1989, DNB 551210621 . (especially Volume 2, pp. 806-811)
• Hans Glaeser: The Evangelical Pomerania. Part 2, Stettin, 1940, DNB 367616378 .
• Ernst Müller: The Protestant clergy of Pomerania from the Reformation to the present. Part 2, Stettin, 1912, OCLC 312915622 .
• Gertrud Borchmann: Ool Korkesche memories. 1978.

Footnotes

1. ^ Website of Gmina Sławno, STARY KRAKÓW (not Alt Krakow) , accessed on January 28, 2013
2. ^ Road map of Western Pomerania: Köslin - Stolp - Danzig , 9th edition. Höfer Verlag, Dietzenbach 2005, ISBN 3-931103-14-5 .
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Manfred Vollack (Ed.): The Schlawe district. A Pomeranian homeland book. Volume 2, Husum 1989, ISBN 3-88042-337-7 , pp. 806-811.
4. ↑ Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Königl. Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Part II, Volume 2, Stettin 1784, p. 853, No. 12.
5. ^ ^{A b} Gunthard Stübs and Pomeranian Research Association: The community of Alt Krakow in the former district of Schlawe in Western Pomerania. 2011.
6. ↑ The bells of the Christ Church at heimatbund-st-toenis.de