Boleszewo
| Boleszewo | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | West Pomerania | ||
| Powiat : | Sławieński | ||
| Gmina : | Sławno | ||
| Geographic location : | 54 ° 22 ' N , 16 ° 35' E | ||
| Height : | 22 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 455 () | ||
| License plate : | ZSL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Connecting road Droga wojewódzka 205 and Droga krajowa 37 (near Słowino ) | ||
| Rail route : | PKP line 418 Korzybie – Darłowo | ||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
Boleszewo (German name Rötzenhagen ) is a village in the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship . It belongs to the rural community of Sławno ( Schlawe ) in the powiat Sławieński .
Geographical location
Boleszewo is located in Western Pomerania , seven kilometers northwest of Sławno and 18 kilometers from the Baltic coast. The district of the village is embedded in the flat landscape north of the Grabowa ( Grabow ) valley and is bounded in the north by the Moszczenica ( Motze ).
Neighboring towns of Boleszewo are: in the north Stary Jarosław ( Alt Järshagen ), in the east Sławno , in the south Rzyszczewo ( Ristow ) and Rzyszczewko ( Neu Ristow ) and in the west Karwice ( Karwitz ) and Słowino ( Schlawin ).
Place name
The origin of the German place name Rötzenhagen is unclear. The name ending -hagen indicates an enclosed or enclosed place. Perhaps the name is derived from a - today not verifiable - personal name like Rutz (= Rudolf ) and basically means Rudolf's clearing place .
history
Rötzenhagen was originally laid out as a Hagenhufendorf . The name Rötzenhagen appears for the first time in a document from 1575, with which Duke Johann Friedrich von Pommern-Stettin confirmed their possessions to members of the Natzmer family . He was referring to a feudal letter from 1512, in which the same persons and also other property and rights in Rötzenhagen were certified.
In the following years Rötzenhagen had changed from a farming village to a manor village. The Natzmer family owned the three Rötzenhagen manors. In 1622 a property, which later became Gut A, was sold to Philipp von Steinkeller . During the 18th and 19th centuries, all three estates A, B and C changed hands quickly between the Natzmer, Steinkeller , Bandemer , Schmeling , Petersdorff , Massow , Krüger , Wetzel and Wally families . Rötzenhagen B belonged from 1766 to 1773 to Ewald Georg von Natzmer , who was president of the Lauenburg tribunal. After his death, bankruptcy proceedings were opened, in the course of which Rötzenhagen B of the Natzmer family was lost. Rötzenhagen C belonged to District Administrator Gabriel Otto von Schmeling from 1780 to 1810 . Sales shrank the size of two estates to the size of two farms by the end of the First World War . In 1935 the last estate got into trouble and was sold.
In 1818 Rötzenhagen had 242 inhabitants. Their number rose to 568 by 1864, stood at 526 in 1895 and was still 483 in 1939. In 1925 there were 546 inhabitants in Rötzenhagen who were spread over 104 households. In 1939 the total area of the district Rötzenhagen was 1,150 hectares, of which approx. 80% was arable land, 15% pasture land (including large wipers ) and 3% forest. The community was divided into four residential areas:
- Gut Rötzenhagen A and D
- Gut Rötzenhagen B
- Gut Rötzenhagen C
- Rötzenhagen
Goods B and C accounted for 137 hectares and 76 hectares, respectively. There were a total of 81 houses on the parish area, and there were a total of 71 farms. Some Rötzenhagener farmers cultivated their self-produced meat and meat products for preservation in the smokehouses of the neighboring village Schlawin bring.
Until 1945 Rötzenhagen belonged with Ristow and Schmarsow to the district of Ristow, to the registry office of Ristow and to the district court district of Schlawe in the district of Schlawe i. Pom. in Administrative district Köslin of Pomerania Province .
Before the end of World War II , Rötzenhagen had received an evacuation order on the night of March 5, 1945 at 2 a.m. On March 6th, the trek of the villagers with horse-drawn carts first moved in the direction of Schlawe , then turned on the Alt Krakower Chaussee in the direction of the Baltic Sea , because they were trying to escape across the frozen Baltic Sea, and came to Scheddin . However, since the Red Army had reached Kolberg in the meantime, the escape plan had to be abandoned and the villagers started their journey home after a four-day stay. On the way home they were met by Soviet troops, some of which looted them and unhooked their horses. After some German soldiers had fought in Rötzenhagen on March 6th, eleven of them fell around the church, the village was occupied by Red Army troops on March 7th, 1945 . There were painful incidents with deportations , evacuations and harassment of the local population.
After the whole of Western Pomerania was placed under Polish administration at the end of the war , the Soviet farms were gradually dissolved. By order of the Polish administration, on December 14, 1946, a large part of the population had to leave the village with hand luggage within a short time and gather in Schlawe in the icy cold on an old granary. Individuals were sorted out by the Poles in the granary and sent back to Rötzenhagen, where they had to do forced labor on their farms. After the villagers were looted on the memory in Schlawe from the poles again, they were driven out with her remaining hand luggage in the snow to the station to them for further transport to Stettin in masses in some open freight cars often corralling (up to 50 people with luggage and Children). During the journey to Szczecin, the locomotive was uncoupled several times and the train then stood on the open track for days. People who did not survive the transport (especially the elderly, the sick and children) were placed on carts provided at the stops, taken away and buried somewhere. On Boxing Day 1946, other villagers received evacuation orders; they were brought to the interim storage facility in Schlawe and after three days they were transported from the Schlawe train station in open freight wagons and deported westwards via Stargard in Pomerania . The hand luggage allowed could not exceed 40 kg per person. There were only three German families left in Rötzenhagen who were only allowed to leave in June 1947.
Rötzenhagen was renamed Boleszewo . The place is now part of the Gmina Sławno in the Powiat Sławieński of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship . Until 1998 he belonged to the then Slupsk Voivodeship .
The evicted Rotzenhäger have been holding village meetings in West Germany since 1986. 115 participants came to the first meeting, in the end the number of participants decreases due to death and illness.
Development of the population
- 1818: 242
- 1864: 568
- 1895: 526
- 1925: 546
- 1939: 483
Local division
An older and a newer settlement belong to the village:
- Grünheide (Polish: Łany), located to the south, founded in 1820, before 1945 a total of 19 houses with a village smithy
- Boleszewo-Kolonia (Rötzenhagen Colony), established after 1945.
church
Protestant church
Before 1945 the inhabitants of Rötzenhagen were predominantly Protestant . In 1925 the Protestant population was 99.5%. The village formed an independent parish , which, however, was a branch parish in the parish of Altristow (Rzyszczewo) from its beginnings . It was in the church district of Schlawe in the church province of Pomerania of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . The last German clergyman was Pastor Paul Meyer .
Today the village belongs to the parish Koszalin ( Köslin ) in the diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .
Roman Catholic Church
Today in Boleszewo predominantly Roman Catholic residents live. The village is now - like the neighboring village Karwice ( Karwitz ) - a branch municipality in the Parochie Słowino ( Schlawin ). It is located in the Deanery Darłowo ( Rügenwalde ) in the Diocese of Köslin-Kolberg of the Catholic Church in Poland .
Church building
The church building, dating from around 1500, was a simple half-timbered building with a polygonal choir until 1915 . The tower with its rounded arched sound openings and diamond patterns on the side, as well as the west wall of the ship, were made of bricks and could have been taken from a previous building.
In 1915 the late medieval nave was renewed from bricks on the same ground. The interior was given a new design by the painter and sculptor Groß from Stolp . For the reopening of the church in 1916, an organ was purchased for the first time .
From the Reformation until 1945, the Rötzenhagen church was reserved exclusively for Protestant services. After 1945 it was expropriated in favor of the Catholic Church without compensation and rededicated as St. Mary's Church on May 8, 1947 .
school
School history
The Rötzenhagen school building was built in 1926/1927. It had two classrooms and two teacher's apartments with associated farm buildings. The old one-class schoolhouse was built in the 1830s. More than 70 children have recently been taught here.
traffic
The village is located on a side road that branches off from the voivodship road 205 (Sławno– Darłowo ( Rügenwalde )) and leads to Słowino ( Schlawin ) on the state road 37 ( Karwice ( Karwitz ) –Darłowo). Since 1878 the place has been a train station on today's PKP line No. 418 Darłowo – Sławno – Korzybie ( Zollbrück ) .
literature
- Martin Krause: Rötzenhägener Heimatbuch . Bonn 1986. Addendum 1988. (2 volumes)
- Manfred Vollack (Ed.): The Schlawe district. A Pomeranian homeland book. 2 volumes. Husum 1988/1989.
Web links
- Rötzenhagen in the home district of Schlawe
- The community of Rötzenhagen in the former Schlawe district in Pomerania (Gunthard Stübs and Pommersche Forschungsgemeinschaft, 2011)
Individual evidence
- ^ Website of the municipality of Sławno, Boleszewo (no Rotzenhagen) , accessed on December 13, 2012
- ↑ Krause, Volume 1 (1986), p. 32 ff.
- ↑ Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann (Ed.): Detailed description of the Royal Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania. Volume 2, Stettin 1784, pp. 887-888 .
- ↑ a b c d e The community of Rötzenhagen in the former district of Schlawe in Pomerania (Gunthard Stübs and Pommersche Forschungsgemeinschaft, 2011)
- ↑ Krause, Volume 1 (1986), p. 190.
- ↑ Krause, Volume 1 (1986), p. 310.
- ↑ a b Krause, Volume 1 (1986), pp. 342-351.
- ↑ Martin Krause: The longing for home. A résumé after 25 years of the Rötzenhäger village community on the occasion of the 20th village meeting. In: The Pommersche Zeitung . No. 29/2011, pp. 8, 14.
Schulzenämter: Bobrowice (Alt Bewersdorf) | Bobrowiczki (Neu Bewersdorf) | Boleszewo (Rötzenhagen) | Brzeście (Hohenzollerndorf) | Gwiazdowo (Quäsdow) | Janiewice (Jannewitz) | Kwasowo (Quatzow) | Łętowo (Lantow) | Noskowo (Notzkow) | Pomiłowo (Marienthal) | Radosław (Coccejendorf) | Rzyszczewo (Ristow) | Sławsko (Old Schlawe) | Smardzewo (Schmarsow) | Stary Kraków (Old Krakow) | Tokary (Deutschrode) | Tychowo (Wendisch Tychow) | Warszkowo (Old Warschow) | Warszkówko (New Warsaw) | Wrześnica (Freetz) | Żabno (Blessing Mountain) | Żukowo (Suckow)
Other villages: Boleszewo-Kolonia (Rötzenhagen colony) | Chomiec (Klarenwerder) | Gwiazdówko (Little Quäsdow) | Łany (Grünheide) | Przemysławiec (Wilhelmshorst) | Rzyszczewko (New Ristow) | Ugacie (Ujatzthal) | Warszkowo-Kolonia (Old Warschow Colony) | Żukówko (New Suckow)