Passau-Ingling power station

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Passau-Ingling power station
The power plant seen from underwater
The power plant seen from underwater
location
Passau-Ingling power plant (Upper Austria)
Passau-Ingling power station
Coordinates 48 ° 33 '13 "  N , 13 ° 26' 13"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 33 '13 "  N , 13 ° 26' 13"  E
country GermanyGermany Germany
BavariaBavaria Bavaria

AustriaAustria Austria

OberosterreichUpper Austria Upper Austria
place Passau
Waters Inn
Kilometers of water km 4.2
Height upstream 303  m above sea level NN
power plant
owner Österreichisch-Bayerische Kraftwerke AG (ÖBK)
operator Grenzkraftwerke GmbH (GKW)
construction time 1962-1965
Start of operation 1965
technology
Bottleneck performance 86 megawatts
Average
height of fall 		10.0 m
Expansion flow 1,000 (4 × x 250) or 1,116 (4 × 279) m³ / s
Standard work capacity 504,700 million kWh / year
Turbines 4 Kaplan turbines
Generators 4 three-phase synchronous generators
Others
Website Passau-Ingling

The Passau-Ingling power plant is a run-of-river power plant on the lower Inn , operated by Grenzkraftwerke GmbH (GKW). The owner of the power plant is the Österreichisch-Bayerische Kraftwerke AG (ÖBK). The power plant is located in the area of ​​the municipalities of Passau ( Lower Bavaria ) and Schardenberg ( Upper Austria ). It is the last barrage on the Inn before the Inn and Danube converge.

history

The first considerations to use the water power of the Inn to generate electricity go back to 1908. In the years 1918–1931 there were various plans, including the construction of further diversion power plants based on the model of the Töging canal power plant and the Inn Canal built for it . In 1936 Siemens-Schuckertwerke AG presented a design for the construction of five hydropower plants on the lower Inn, which also provided for canal power plants. In 1938 Siemens-Schuckertwerke AG then presented a modified master plan that was decisive for further development and that dispensed with canal power plants (with the exception of the Schärding-Neuhaus power plant, which was still planned as a canal power plant). The location of the five barrages on the lower Inn, as they were realized during and after the Second World War , basically follows this master plan from 1938.

With the start of the construction of the Ranshofen aluminum smelter in July 1938, Innwerk AG was commissioned to build the Ering-Frauenstein and Egglfing-Obernberg power plants in accordance with the 1938 framework plan for powering the aluminum smelter. These power plants went into operation in 1942 and 1944 respectively. The construction of the Braunau-Simbach power plant, which began in 1942, was discontinued after a few months.

On October 16, 1950, a government agreement between Austria and Bavaria founded the ÖBK with the aim of further expanding hydropower on the lower Inn. After the construction of the Braunau-Simbach power plant from 1951 to 1954, the Schärding-Neuhaus power plant was built from 1959 to 1962. During the construction of Schärding-Neuhaus, the planning of the Passau-Ingling power plant was the last to be built on the lower Inn Power plant started.

The draft concession for the power plant was submitted on August 1, 1961. On October 10, 1962, the decision was issued by the responsible Federal Ministry. Construction work began in October 1962. On July 17, 1965, the Passau-Ingling power plant went into operation with the first turbine as the third power plant of the ÖBK (the last of the four machines followed on February 4, 1966).

construction

The power plant consists of a weir system with five weir fields , a dividing pillar and a power house with four turbines and the four associated generators .

The five weir openings are arranged on the Austrian side of the Inn. Each of the five openings is 23 m wide and each of the four intermediate pillars measures 6 m in width, i.e. H. the total width of the weir is 139 m. The dimensions correspond to those of the systems of the Braunau-Simbach and Schärding-Neuhaus power plants. The defense pillars are built on a 38.65 m long concrete foundation (defensive base), which is founded on the rock. The thickness of this defensive base is 2.70 m on the upstream side and in this area it is anchored in the rock with rock anchors (length 3.40 m to 6.60 m). On the underwater side, the weir base is only 1.70 m thick as a stilling basin base . A concrete spur was built 5.50 m deep into the bedrock as a seal on the upstream side and as a scour protection on the downstream side .

The dividing pillar between the weir field and the power house is 48 m long and 8 m wide.

The machine house consists of four blocks, each 23.5 m wide, which are founded on rock. It is located on the Bavarian side of the Inn. Each block contains a machine set ( turbine with the associated generator ) as well as an inlet spiral and suction pipe.

Like the other power plants on the lower Inn , the Passau-Ingling barrage does not have a lock . However, when planning the power plant, the subsequent construction of a 150 m long and 12 m wide lock chamber on the right bank was already taken into account.

Upstream, the storage space that can be used for energy generation is limited by the Schärding-Neuhaus power plant .

Electrotechnical systems

The electricity is generated by four Kaplan turbines with a vertical shaft and a max. 22.2  MW of power housed in a nacelle. The impeller diameter of the turbines is 6.3 m. The turbines each have five blades and their nominal speed is 75 / min. With a water flow of 746 m 3 / s and a head of 10.0 m, the four turbines provide a total of 64.7 MW. The associated generators have a nominal generator voltage of 10.5  kV , a nominal frequency of 50 Hz and a nominal speed of 75 / min. The rotor of a generator weighs 165 t, the stator weighs 88 t.

In the switchgear , the generator voltage of 10.5 kV is stepped up to 110 kV using machine transformers, in order to then be fed into the (former) networks of Bayernwerk AG, Innwerk AG and Verbund AG . The switchgear is on the Bavarian side.

Construction costs

The total costs of the construction of the barrage amounted to 153.5 million DM. The costs were as follows:

Million %
Land acquisition 11.7 7.6
Project planning 3.2 2.1
Construction management 5.4 3.5
Construction costs in the step area 47.3 30.8
Construction costs in the backwater 24.8 16.2
Bank fuses undercurrent 4.5 2.9
Machine equipment 26.0 16.9
Electrical equipment 12.8 8.3
Factory settlements 1.3 0.9
interest 16.5 10.8
153.5 100.0

The imputed prime costs were determined in 1967 at around 3.1 pfennigs per kWh. ÖBK had to deliver the electricity generated to its shareholders at cost price on the basis of the electricity supply contracts.

Water flow of the Inn

The electricity generation that can be achieved depends largely on the water flow of the Inn, with both too much and too little water being disadvantageous for electricity generation. With an average water flow of 746 m 3 / s, 64.7 MW are achieved at a head of 10.0 m. At 1,140 m 3 / s, the maximum output of 86  MW or 86.4 MW is achieved. However, the turbines must be shut down if the available head falls below 2.70 m or 3 m or if the water flow of the Inn exceeds 2,400 m 3 / s.

Since the traffic jam destination is limited to max. 303 m above sea ​​level , in order to avoid flooding of villages in the backwater area as much as possible, the water level of the headwater must be lowered from a water flow of 1,200 m 3 / s, at 2,100 m 3 / s z. B. at 299 m above sea level. At 3,000 m 3 / s, all five weir openings must be opened completely. However, this lowering of the headwater reduces the head and thus the generation of electricity.

At the same time, however, the underwater rises when the water flow of the Inn increases. With a water flow of 276 m 3 / s the water level of the underwater is at 291.57 m above sea ​​level , at 747 m 3 / s at 293 m above sea level, at 1,500 m 3 / s at 294.55 m above sea level and at 7,400 m 3 / s at 302.33 m above sea level. The rise of the underwater therefore also reduces the height of fall and thus the generation of electricity. 7,400 m 3 / s represent the disaster flood.

The table shows the monthly water flow of the Inn on a long-term average as well as the monthly electricity generation:

month Drain generation
January 395 27.6
February 387 24.4
March 465 31.6
April 685 41.2
May 1,061 48.6
June 1,316 46.0
July 1,252 49.0
August 1,072 52.6
September 833 45.2
October 574 38.0
November 470 31.4
December 413 28.6
  1. ↑ Mean values, calculated from the observations from 1901 to 1960 at the Neuhaus gauge : data in m 3 / s
  2. ↑ Mean values, based on a 50-year series of underwater levels: figures in million kWh
  3. ↑ Due to the lack of head and the frequent traffic jam regulations, a slump was recorded in June.

literature

Web links

Commons : Kraftwerk Passau-Ingling  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Österreichische Zeitschrift für Elektrizitätswirtschaft (ÖZE), 20th year, May 1967, issue 5, p. 188
  2. ↑ ÖZE, p. 189
  3. ↑ a b c d Passau-Ingling run-of-river power station. Verbund AG , accessed on June 25, 2017 .
  4. ↑ a b c ÖZE, p. 205
  5. ↑ a b c d e Passau-Ingling run-of-river power station: Further information, technical description. Verbund AG, accessed on June 25, 2017 .
  6. ↑ ÖZE, pp. 166–167
  7. ↑ a b ÖZE, pp. 170–171
  8. ↑ a b c ÖZE, p. 165
  9. ↑ ÖZE, p. 182
  10. ↑ ÖZE, p. 225
  11. ↑ a b ÖZE, p. 183
  12. ↑ a b c d e f g h ÖZE, p. 177
  13. ↑ a b c ÖZE, p. 185
  14. ↑ ÖZE, p. 226
  15. ↑ ÖZE, p. 229
  16. ↑ ÖZE, p. 175
  17. ↑ a b ÖZE, p. 176
  18. ↑ a b ÖZE, p. 231
  19. ↑ ÖZE, p. 184
  20. ↑ ÖZE, p. 157