Lueneburg Kalkberg

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Lueneburg Kalkberg
The Lüneburg Kalkberg seen from the south

The Lüneburg Kalkberg seen from the south

height 56  m above sea level NN
location District of Lüneburg
Coordinates 53 ° 14 '58 "  N , 10 ° 23' 49"  E Coordinates: 53 ° 14 '58 "  N , 10 ° 23' 49"  E
Lüneburg Kalkberg (Lower Saxony)
Lueneburg Kalkberg

The Kalkberg is a gypsum hat in the western urban area of Lüneburg . It is classified as a natural spatial singularity of the Lüneburg Basin and thus as an island-like natural area of its own .

history

Obelisk on Kalkberg

Hermann Billung built a castle on the Kalkberg in the middle of the 10th century, which stood until February 1371. The Principality of Lüneburg-Braunschweig was ruled from here. As part of the War of the Lüneburg Succession , the lordly castle on the Kalkberg was destroyed, as was the nearby Benedictine monastery of St. Michael , which then moved to the city.

The obelisk halfway up is reminiscent of the garrison church, which was built in 1663 for the ducal troops on the Kalkberg and demolished in 1783 due to its dilapidation. As an old photo shows, it was originally set up at its former location after the church was demolished to commemorate the soldiers buried in the church. The inscription is dedicated to this purpose . The stone was moved to its current location in the 1880s.

The cannon on the summit is of more recent origin and was only fired when convicts had escaped from the neighboring penitentiary .

Nature reserve

Lüneburg Kalkberg nature reserve

IUCN Category IV - Habitat / Species Management Area

The terraces from the gypsum mining are now part of the nature reserve

The terraces from the gypsum mining are now part of the nature reserve

location In the Lower Saxony town of Lueneburg
surface 7.6 ha
Identifier NSG LÜ 009
WDPA ID 82025
Geographical location 53 ° 15 '  N , 10 ° 24'  E
Sea level from 15 m to 32 m
Setup date November 13, 1932
administration NLWKN

The Lüneburg building officer Eduard Schlöbcke succeeded in ensuring that the rest of the Kalkberg became one of the first nature reserves in Germany in 1932 . The former quarry can still be recognized by its steep, steep walls. At the bottom of the Kalkberg there is a small wet biotope with reed areas and swamp areas. The rock walls show only a very sparse vegetation with animals and plants of the dry grass communities . 180 species of flowering plants settled on an area of ​​3.6 hectares, including some heat, light and lime-loving species that are otherwise only native to southern Central Europe. Some smaller caves are inhabited by bats .

geology

The Lüneburg Kalkberg consists of gypsum (calcium sulfate) and emerged from sediments that were deposited here by the Zechstein Sea about 250 million years ago. Minor disturbances in more recent geological epochs caused the lighter Zechstein salts to flow together and rise from great depths into the younger overburden and thus close to today's surface. The younger geological layers bordering the rising salt masses were deformed, broken up and erected. The initially horizontally deposited layers of salt have also become steep and folded during their ascent. Leached out by the groundwater, only the less soluble components remained near the surface, in particular carbonates and sulfates. Sometimes, as here, their occurrences tower above the surface of the day.

The Kalkberg has a height of 56.3 m above sea ​​level , originally it was about 80 m. Most of the Kalkberg was mined over centuries in order to use the gypsum as a building material. Due to the exhaustion of the deposit and the increasing anhydrite content of the gypsum, mining ceased in 1923. Of particular geological interest is the presence of Boracite and Lüneburgit . In addition, one can find anhydrite , calcite , gypsum , halite , hematite , hydrolauberite , jarosite , kalistronite , lepidocrocite , pyrite , quartz , sylvin , syngenite and thenardite .

There is also a Kalkberg in Bad Segeberg , see Segeberger Kalkberg .

and display information about the image
Panorama from Kalkberg over Lueneburg, March 2010

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wolfgang Meibeyer : Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 58 Lüneburg. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1980. → Online map (PDF; 4.8 MB)
  2. ↑ Karl Kayser: Chronicle of the Wichmannsburg parish in the Hanoverian office of Medingen . Meyer, Hanover December 31, 1878, p. 16 .
  3. ↑ a b Heiner Henschke: The monument the Garnisonkirche on the Luneburg Kalkberg (=  .. Elevations Jahresheft the working group Luneburg Old Town V e . No. 15 ). September 1999, p. 40 ( alaev-lueneburg.de [PDF; accessed on July 12, 2020]).
  4. ↑ Heiner Henschke: The monument of the garrison church on the Lüneburg Kalkberg (=  .. Elevations Yearbook of the Working Group Lüneburg's Old e V . No. 15 ). September 1999, p. 37 ( alaev-lueneburg.de [PDF; accessed on July 12, 2020]).

literature

  • Eduard Schlöbcke: The Kalkbergführer. 1000 years of Kalkberg and Gypsum Quarry in Lüneburg . Lueneburg 1928
  • Gerhard Stein: The Lüneburg Kalkberg through the ages. A series of sketches by Adolf Brebbermann . in: Yearbook Naturwiss. Verein Fürstentum Lüneburg, Vol. 39, 247-258, Lüneburg 1992
  • Erhard Poßin: Der Kalkberg , Vol. 4 of the Lüneburger Hefte Ed .: Backsteinprojekt eV, Lüneburg, 2008
  • Ernst Andreas Friedrich : The Kalkberg von Lüneburg , pp. 65–67, in: If stones could talk. Volume I, Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover 1989, ISBN 3-7842-0397-3 .

Web links

Commons : Lüneburger Kalkberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files