Lüsche (Bakum)

St. Joseph's Church

Lüsche is a village in the municipality of Bakum in the district of Vechta in Lower Saxony . At the same time, the area of ​​the Bakum village of Lüsche is congruent with that of the Lüsche parish .

geography

location

Lüsche is located on the southern edge of the Cloppenburger Geest . The terrain falls here from 35 meters above sea level. NN in the north, where there used to be extensive moor and heather areas, at 25 meters above sea level. NN in the south, where the Fladder Canal forms the southern local border. The canal is the canalised continuation of the Vechtaer Moorbach ; it flows shortly after the southwestern border into the camp Hase , which joins twelve kilometers further with the Großer Hase , a tributary of the Ems .

Neighboring places

Lüsche is about ten kilometers west of the center of Bakum. Vestrup and Hausstette border directly to the east of Lüsche and Carum to the south of Lüsche. The district of Vechta ends in the east and north of Lüsche. The neighboring communities of Essen (with the districts Gut Lage , Addrup and Calhorn) and Cappeln (with the Elsten farmers) belong to the district of Cloppenburg .

Land use

Polder in Lüsche

The local area is about 1300 hectares, about half of which is used for agriculture, mostly as arable land, to which moor, heather and wetlands have been converted. The rest is shared by forest and built-up areas, although the center of the village has only been compacted in the last 50 years by single-family housing estates and commercial use has been added. A special feature are the up to ten meter high sand dunes in the village. They were created by drifting sand from the Geest, which was held down by the farmers by planting. Most of the sand is mined for use in civil engineering. The Lüsche polder on the Fladder Canal covers 38 hectares.

history

Settlement and ecclesiastical and political affiliation

There are hardly any written documents about the history of Lüsche up to the end of the Middle Ages. For Wilfried Kürschner, “folklore” includes the oral tradition that the Lüscher are descendants of “ Gypsies ” (usage in Lüsche).

The oldest document is a purchase contract from 1075, in which Count Simon von Tecklenburg sold a farm in Lüsche, at that time Liuschu, to the monastery in Essen / Oldenburg. For centuries, a handful of free farmers and their dependents have cultivated medium-sized land. Registers from the 16th and 17th centuries count around 20 farm positions.

In the eighteenth century, the Lüsche peasantry was part of the Crapendorf parish in the Cloppenburg office of the Niederstift Münster . In 1803 and 1814 the office of Cloppenburg became part of the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg . In 1856 Lüsche was assigned to the municipality of Vestrup in the Vechta district. In 1927, the municipality of Vestrup von Bakum was incorporated into the state of Oldenburg , which became a free state after the First World War . The office became the district of Vechta in 1939 and the state of Oldenburg became part of Lower Saxony in 1946 .

Historical events

Towards the end of the Second World War , on April 13, 1945, Lieutenant Colonel Hans-Peter Knaust ordered the German troops in disorderly retreat to defend Lüsche. The approaching British tank troops took the town center under fire shortly afterwards. Two residents were killed. Seven soldiers fell and several dozen were captured. More than 30 buildings were destroyed or badly damaged. Knight's Cross, Knaust, was awarded the oak leaves four days later. After the end of the war, the farmers were quickly rebuilt with the help of the Vechta district.

Population development

1,789 were in the stock book 20 owners out in Lüsche the diocese of Münster, including 6 full and 2/2 heirs, which suggests 100 to 200 inhabitants. For 1895 288 inhabitants were registered in Lüsche. Lüsche counted 16 dead in the First World War, 45 missing and dead in the Second World War, and two killed in the town as a result of the war. After 1945, refugees from the eastern regions moved to Lüsche, but due to a lack of jobs, most of them emigrated again by the end of the 1950s. Although not intended as farmers, several development plans for settlements have been drawn up and new buildings have been built since the 1960s, so that the number of households and residents in Lüsche has been increasing for decades. In 1990 Lüsche had 912 inhabitants in 230 households.

Church and educational institutions

A Liebfrauenkapelle in Lüsche is mentioned for 1558, but it was already in ruins in 1712. After the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 and the withdrawal of the Swedes from Vechta in 1654 under the episcopal sovereigns (namely Christoph Bernhard von Galen ), the inhabitants of Lüsche became Catholic again, which the transition to the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg in 1814 did not change. The Catholic Church of St. Joseph was built in 1864/1865 , and Lüsche became an independent parish in 1927. The church was renovated in the 1960s. After the turn of the millennium, the shortage of priests increased dramatically in the diocese of Münster . This led to a merger of many parishes, so that the former parish church of St. Josef in Lüsche is now a branch church of the parish of St. Johannes Baptist Bakum. The St. Josef Kindergarten in Lüsche is subordinate to this parish.

A school is said to have existed in Lüsche as early as 1651. In 1845 a new Catholic elementary school was built. The sponsorship passed from the Catholic Church to the political community in 1910. This built a new, initially two-class elementary school, which was moved into in 1914 and expanded to three classes in 1948. In 1960 a new building was erected and the elementary school was named "Christopherus School". In the new school, too, pupils were not taught separately according to age group. In the course of the introduction of the orientation level in Lower Saxony, the former elementary schools were closed and year-round teaching was introduced across the board, including in the farmers, so that many village schools had to close. The school in Lüsche survived this wave of closings by reducing it to a primary school, the single-movement of which is guaranteed by the fact that the catchment area also includes several neighboring farmers. In 1994 the Christopherus School was completely renewed. Secondary school students from Lüsche attend the St. Johannes School ( Oberschule ) in Bakum or one of the three grammar schools in Vechta.

Associations and voluntary activities

In addition to the choral society and the polyphonic church choir, there has been a music society in Lüsche since 1911, which today cooperates intensively with the primary school and the Vechta district music school, as well as a theater society. Lüsche is one of the locations of the volunteer fire brigade in the municipality of Bakum. The hunt on Lüscher territory is organized by the Hegering Lüsche. A soccer club, SV Blau-Weiß Lüsche, has existed since 1930. A village fair takes place every year. Lüsche was twice the district winner in the competition “Our village should be more beautiful”, and in 2012 it was awarded at the state level in “Our village has a future”. The Heimatverein Lüsche is u. a. for the project “Bioenergiedorf Lüsche”.

politics

The residents in Lüsche are predominantly Catholic. In elections up to 1933 this was reflected in a very high proportion of votes for the Center Party. From 1949 the Christian Democratic Union took the former position of the center and regularly received over 90% of the votes in elections. Lüsche succeeds in almost every legislative period in appointing four members of the Bakum municipal council.

Economy and Infrastructure

The peripheral location and poor soil quality have only allowed limited development over the centuries, which was based on the success of Plaggenesch's agricultural management. The farmers, who had their farms in the village as full heirs, built up the fertile Westeresch as well as the Osteresch with the help of the hirers and farm workers. In the second half of the nineteenth century new farmer jobs were created in the market areas, which settlers from outside also acquired and worked on.

With the introduction of artificial fertilizers in the first half of the 20th century, the yield of poor soils was increased. However, the economic development was affected by the two world wars and the associated absence of soldiers as well as by the economic crises in Germany in the interwar years. During the Second World War, Russians and French were used as slave labor in agriculture.

After 1945 and increasingly in the 1950s, the development of factory farming on the basis of purchased feed began. This was favored by the location between Bremen's reference ports and sales areas in North Rhine-Westphalia, which was further improved by the construction of the nearby Autobahn 1 . Grazing cattle were gradually given up in favor of stable keeping for pig or chicken fattening or egg production. Meadows and pastures were also drained into arable land, which facilitates growth in the cultivation of forage crops, but also the disposal of liquid manure. The needs of the growing potato processing plant in Wernsing Feinkost in nearby Addrup and the involvement of farmers from Lüsche in the supply chain also forced arable farming and the storage of potatoes and other agricultural products in Lüsche. The farmers are the test site of K + S AG for the testing of fertilizers for potato cultivation.

In 1968, Alfons Suding began manufacturing prefabricated elements made of concrete and later plastic for stables and agriculture. From this the company Suding Beton- & Kunststoffwerk developed with the main plant in Lüsche and two branch plants in northern and eastern Germany, which became the largest employer in the municipality of Bakum.

In 2001 the Lüsche Animal Clinic was founded, which in a short period of time gained a good international reputation for the treatment of sport horses. In 2015 it had an average of 45 employees.

With the support of the Research Center for Sustainable Bioenergy Supply at the University of Osnabrück , a company from Lüsche encouraged the pooling of heat from power generators from several biogas plants to form a local district heating network that supplies households and other facilities with heating. This is how Lüsche became a bioenergy village .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Katharinenschule Bakum: Katharinenschule in rural areas ( Memento of the original from June 30, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
2. ^ Wilfried Kürschner: Sintize and Sinti, Romnija and Roma . Oldenburg People's Newspaper . February 25, 2012
3. ↑ Reinhold Suding, Lüsche in old documents and registers, in: Village book for the 100th anniversary of St. Josefs Church, published by Kath. Kirchengemeinde Lüsche 1975, p. 105 ff.
4. ^ Günther Wegmann: The end of the war between Ems and Weser 1945 . Osnabrück 1982. ISBN 3-87898-237-2 . P. 155
5. ↑ A village rebuilt from ruins . Oldenburgische Volkszeitung 1948
6. ^ Association for Computer Genealogy eV: Lüsche (Bakum)
7. ^ Verein für Computergenealogie eV: Dekanat Vechta 1954
8. ^ Kulturportal Nordwest: Rural sacred buildings in the Oldenburger Münsterland in the 19th century - St. Joseph (sic) in Lüsche (1864/65)
9. ^ Catholic parish of St. Johannes Baptist Bakum: St. Josef Kindergarten - Lüsche
10. ↑ Lüsche primary school: The history of our school
11. ↑ Lüsche primary school: Homepage
12. ^ Bakum municipality: clubs and associations
13. ↑ Lüsche fire brigade: History ( memento of the original from June 29, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
14. ^ Lower Saxony Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection: Minister Gert Lindemann honors 19 villages
15. ↑ Bakum Municipality : Municipal Council
16. ↑ K + S: Potassium and Magnesium - for optimum yield and against black spots KALI compact
17. ↑ Suding honored for life's work ( Memento of the original from June 26, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
18. ↑ Tierklinik Lüsche GmbH: Homepage
19. ^ Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture: Paths to the Bioenergy Village

Coordinates: 52 ° 43 ′ 56.9 "  N , 8 ° 4 ′ 44.9"  E