Bioenergy village
A bioenergy village is a village that covers a large part of its electricity and heat requirements using predominantly regionally provided biomass . There are no clear guidelines, but this definition is common:
- At least as much electricity is generated as the village needs.
- At least half of the heat is provided, ideally through combined heat and power (CHP).
- Over 50% of the systems are owned by heat consumers and farmers.
- The biomass does not come from maize monocultures or from genetically modified plants.
A bioenergy village serves, among other things, climate protection and can strengthen the regional economy. The basis of the energy supply is often a biogas plant or a biomass cogeneration plant , which provide electricity and heat via CHP. Even renewable energy that are not for bioenergy include can be used such. B. photovoltaics , solar thermal and others.
concept
The concept of a bioenergy village depends heavily on the local framework. In agricultural regions, for example, a biogas plant can be used as the central plant of the energy supply concept. Agricultural businesses can provide the required biomass ( substrate ) in the form of silage , manure , liquid manure and other things in sufficient quantities. In forest regions, a biomass cogeneration plant can be more suitable as a central system, since biomass in the form of z. B. can be provided by wood chips . These plants with CHP run continuously and thus always provide a certain amount of electricity and heat. However, the electricity demand of a village fluctuates strongly depending on the time of day, season and other ( load profile ). Since storing electricity on a small scale is very expensive, the electricity is fed into the power grid. The control reserve is thus provided by the electricity grid operators. The Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) guarantees increased remuneration for electricity from biomass for 20 years. Depending on the system concept, this remuneration can be increased by certain bonuses. The heat demand of a village fluctuates even more than the electricity demand. In the summer, only a small amount of heat is generated from the local heating network for heating domestic water , while the need for heating buildings increases many times over in winter. If the central CHP system were dimensioned accordingly, a large part of the inevitably generated heat would remain unused in summer. Therefore, boilers such as B. Wood chip heating systems installed that are only in operation in winter. For the most extreme load peaks on cold winter days, an inexpensive heating oil or rapeseed methyl ester boiler can also be installed so that heat consumers no longer have to have their own heating.
Promotions and competitions
- Bioenergy Villages 2010 competition: The nationwide competition “Bioenergiedörfer 2010” was aimed at small communities in rural Germany that cover a significant proportion of their electricity and heat requirements from biomass. The award was given to three particularly innovative bioenergy villages that combined the efficient use of bioenergy with regional development in an outstanding manner, involved the local population in the processes and actively integrated the use of bioenergy into regional marketing. In this way, the bioenergy villages should develop a model effect in 2010 for the development of rural regions and the regional use of biomass.
- German Solar Prize 2010
- Our village has a future
- Competition "Energy efficiency in municipalities - good examples 2010
Regional competitions and promotions
Baden-Württemberg
- State funding program for bioenergy villages
- Competition for Baden-Württemberg's model energy community
- Bioenergy villages competition at the start
Hesse
- Competition BioEfficiency Village Hessen 2010–2012
Lower Saxony
- Competition Kl! Ma communal 2010
- Bioenergy region Wendland-Elbetal: regional competition bioenergy villages
Schleswig-Holstein
- Energy Olympiad 2010
Projects
To date (2015) a number of bioenergy villages have been implemented in 175 projects. Some are detailed below:
Bonndorf
Bonndorf, a small town in the Black Forest with 6,800 inhabitants, is to be completely supplied with local heating in three construction phases. The first construction phase "Bonndorf West" has been completed since 2014. About 150 buildings are supplied via an 8 km long local heating network, in summer with industrial waste heat and in winter with additional heat from woodchip boilers. There is a 50,000 liter buffer storage tank in the boiler house. An oil boiler is provided as redundancy.
The second construction phase “Bonndorf Mitte” has been completed since autumn 2015. 122 buildings are supplied year-round with industrial waste heat from Hans Adler OHG via a 6.5 km long local heating network.
Breitenbrunn
The small village (approx. 350 inhabitants, district of Nürnberger Land, Bavaria) has decided to use the heat from wood chips for heating. The residents set up the lines and the boiler house with two wood chip boilers with a nominal output of 300 and 400 kW, respectively, at great expense. The foundation stone of the heating plant was laid on August 6, 2010, and the heating network was put into operation on December 23, 2010. A connection to the heating system was not mandatory but was largely set up by the population. Almost every house in the wooded area can be supplied with bioenergy from the area. There is no explicit cogeneration of heat and power.
Büsingen
Büsingen am Hochrhein is a German exclave which, surrounded by Swiss territory, belongs to the district of Constance , but does not receive any German EEG subsidies in the customs union with Switzerland. The town with around 1350 inhabitants was nevertheless named a bioenergy village in 2013. Its local heating network draws its heat from a wood chip heating center (1.4 MW) and instead of a biogas system from a large-scale solar thermal system with tube collectors. Its more than 1000 square meter collector surface at a price of 420,000 euros delivers around 550,000 kWh annually, covers the entire hot water requirement in summer and replaces around 800 cubic meters of wood chips every year. The system also includes two buffer storage tanks with a capacity of 50 cubic meters each and an oil boiler with an output of 730 kW that can be switched on for peak loads or maintenance work. Büsingen serves as a pilot project for the SOLNET.BW research program to launch solar heating networks in Baden-Württemberg. Solarcomplex AG was awarded the Georg Salvamoser Prize 2014 for this project.
Effelter
The village of Effelter with 280 inhabitants is located at an altitude of 600 meters in the Franconian Forest Nature Park . For him, therefore, particularly strict criteria apply in terms of sustainable raw material extraction. The starting point for the expansion into a bioenergy village was an agricultural biogas plant. With strong civic engagement, a 2.4 km long local heating network and a wood chip heating plant that can be activated according to current needs were built. These communal systems are supplemented by small private wood firing systems. Most of the systems have been in operation since the beginning of 2010. The use of sustainably produced raw materials is one of the main concerns, so in the small biogas plant (twice 65 kW) no maize is used, but primarily grass silage from the surrounding highlands, cattle manure and low-quality feed grain. Only wood from the local area is advertised for the wood chip heating plant, the ashes are returned to the forest as fertilizer.
Systems / technology
- Biogas plant with 2 CHP units of 65 kW each (grass silage, cattle manure, grain)
- Wood chip heating 500 kW
- Local heating network 2.4 km
- Photovoltaic systems 325 kWp
- 60 m² private solar systems for hot water preparation
- Hydroelectric 3 kW
Effelter's sustainable energy supply concept has already received several awards, such as B. with the Bioenergiedörfer 2010 award from the Federal Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection or the Bavarian State Medal for Services to the Environment .
Emmingen
The Emmingen heating network has been in operation since autumn 2013. Emmingen-Liptingen has about 4545 inhabitants, 145 buildings in the district of Emmingen are connected to the local heating network. The project differs in several respects from the previous heating networks, which were implemented by solarcomplex AG. For the first time, the waste heat from two biogas plants is integrated into the network, the CHP (combined heat and power) share in the network is well over 60%. For the first time, a large heat storage system with around 1,000 cubic meters is being used to make optimal use of the waste heat from the CHP unit. In addition, “modern wood energy” is used in the tried and tested combination for winter heating needs. The two biogas plants use the waste heat from their combined heat and power (CHP) units to provide the useful heat for the local heating network. The first CHP has an output of 360 kWtherm. The second CHP, together with the long-term heat storage, provides over 1000 kW of thermal output. A wood chip boiler with 450 kWtherm is located in the heating center. Output as well as for peak load boilers with available 1300kWtherm. Performance ready. There is also another buffer tank with 22 m³. Using the waste heat from the biogas CHP and the wood chip heating system saves around 1,200 t of CO 2 . Overall, this results in a CO 2 saving of around 4,800 t annually.
Freiamt
The 4300-inhabitant community Freiamt in the Black Forest uses almost the entire spectrum of renewable energies for self-sufficiency with electricity and heat. Solar systems, wind and water mills as well as a biogas plant produce 14.3 million kWh of electricity per year, of which 1.5 million kWh are not required and are fed into the grid. Around 160 solar collectors are used for hot water preparation. Wood chip and pellet heating as well as biogas are also used for heating.
Gussing
The town of Güssing , with a population of 3,764, is Austria's biomass center. The 100 percent phase-out of fossil fuels, decided by the city council in 1990, was implemented in less than 15 years. A fifth of the wood growth in the Güssing district of 100,000 tons per year was used to generate heat and electricity until the biomass power plant had to cease operations in 2016 for economic reasons. The biomass district heating plant covers 85% of the city's total annual heating requirements.
Grosselfingen
The bioenergy village Grosselfingen has been in operation since autumn 2008. The CHP waste heat (5 million kWh thermal annually) from the local biogas plant supplies around 100 buildings with heat via an approximately 6 km long local heating network. The waste heat is temporarily stored in a 100,000 liter buffer tank. An oil boiler with 900 kW is available for peak loads. In addition to the ecological advantages, the project also has a high regional economic value: the energy costs no longer flow, but remain on site as purchasing power. The community of Grosselfingen (district of Zollernalbkreis) is 520 meters above sea level and has around 2,100 inhabitants.
Hilzingen
Hilzingen is a municipality with 8 districts in western Hegau. A heating network with a length of 4.6 km and 34 connected buildings was installed there as early as 2008. As part of a public tender, the heating network was transferred to solarcomplex AG in 2015. The heat is provided by a 500 kWel waste heat CHP, which is fed by the waste heat from the local biogas plant. At peak load times, this is supported by two gas boilers with 450 kW and 250 kW respectively. Decentralized buffer storage at the consumers ensure that any differences are protected.
Early
The first bioenergy village in Germany was Jühnde (1089 inhabitants) in the district of Göttingen . In a project by the Interdisciplinary Center for Sustainable Development (IZNE) at the University of Göttingen , the goal of covering the entire energy requirement with renewable energy sources was successfully implemented in January 2006. In addition to covering the heating needs of households, the location generates significantly more electricity than it consumes itself. A biogas plant with 700 kW el generates around 5 million kWh of electricity annually, which is more than double the demand in Jühnde. A wood heating plant operated with wood chips can provide 550 kW th and a peak load oil boiler 1.6 MW th . A total of around 3.2 million kWh of heat is sold per year. The biogas plant requires 9,000 m 3 of liquid manure and 15,000 t of biomass annually as a substrate , which is produced on an area of 320 ha. Around 1000 cubic meters of wood chips are burned annually.
It is estimated that the participating households save € 750 per year in energy costs after deducting the costs thanks to the cooperative- operated systems in Jühnde and that the village generates income of over € 680,000 per year from energy generation from biomass.
Lautenbach
Lautenbach (Sigmaringen district) is a district of the Herdwangen-Schönach community, which is twelve kilometers north of Lake Constance, on a ridge in the Upper Linzgau, between the towns of Pfullendorf in the north and Überlingen in the south. Lautenbach covers its electricity and heat requirements entirely from domestic renewable energies. Lautenbach has been able to call itself a bioenergy village since the end of 2010. Houses, workshops, a greenhouse, a school and a kindergarten are connected by a 1.8 km long local heating pipe. A pilot jet CHP (200 kW thermal / 250 kW electrical), two woodchipping boilers (450 kW thermal each) and an oil boiler with an output of 730 kW thermal are used as reliable heat generators. The buffer tank has a capacity of 30,000 liters. By feeding in the electricity from the biogas plant, approx. 1,200 t CO 2 are saved annually compared to the German electricity mix . Using the waste heat from the biogas CHP and the wood chip heating system saves approx. 800 t CO 2 . Solar power generation saves another 240 t. Over the next 20 years that will total over 40,000 tonnes, a notable contribution to climate protection.
Lippertsreute
The municipality of Lippertsreute is part of the city of Überlingen, located in the hinterland of Lake Constance. Lippertsreute includes the village of Ernatsreute, the hamlet of Wackenhausen, the Bruckfelder Mühle and other striking individual farms; the municipal area covers approx. 684 ha. Since 2008, Lippertsreute has been able to call itself the second bioenergy village in Baden-Württemberg. Around 60 buildings are connected to the 4 km long local heating network. Since the connectees include the large heat consumers in particular, significantly more than half of the heat requirement in the village is provided from local bioenergy. All communal buildings (Luibrechthalle and school, town hall and kindergarten) as well as the church and rectory were connected to the local heating network. This saves 1620 tons of CO 2 every year . For the energy supply there is a CHP with 180 kW thermal and 150 kW electrical in the heating center. Performance provided. In addition, there are two 300 kW thermal wood chip boilers and a heat recovery system, which provides waste heat from an apple cold store. A 14,000 liter buffer tank complements the system.
Mauenheim
Mauenheim , a district of Immendingen in the Tuttlingen district with around 400 residents and 148 buildings, has been on the grid as a bioenergy village since November 1, 2006. The biogas plant, the CHP (500 kW electrical output, 440 kW thermal output) and the wood chip heating (1000 kW output) are supplemented by a photovoltaic system (800 kW total output, as of mid-2013). Two 25 m³ buffer tanks complete the hydraulic system. The local heating network has a total length of 6 km, only plastic pipes (PeX) were used. Solarcomplex AG operates the system. According to calculations by the operator, the project should avoid the emission of around 3000 t CO 2 per year. Mauenheim is the first village in Baden-Württemberg that is completely supplied with electricity and heat from local renewable energies.
Malstedt
The aim is to supply the town of Malstedt with 240 inhabitants in 68 households with heat .
The electricity production of the biogas plant is sufficient for the entire village of Malstedt and others. The supply is achieved through 100% regenerative energy (biogas plant with CHP and biogas peak load boiler).
Operators are 15 farmers in Agrogas & Wärme GmbH & Co.KG
Type of systems, technology used, performance:
- 1 × CHP with 250 kW gasoline engine
- Buffer storage 77 m³
- Redundancy through 660 kW biogas boiler,
- Remaining coverage through a contract with a mobile heating plant
- Commissioning December 2010.
- Connection or supply: 85.30% of households
Mertingen
In the Bavarian town of Mertingen (3900 inhabitants), among other things, a wood chip heater (450 kW th ) supplies the public facilities.
Messkirch
Meßkirch is a small town in the Sigmaringen district in Baden-Württemberg with 8,400 inhabitants. The city is located in western Upper Swabia, south of Sigmaringen between the Danube and Lake Constance. In 2011, in just ten months of construction, the local heating network was laid over a length of 4.8 km and 58 transfer stations were installed. A mixed network has been implemented in Meßkirch, i.e. the local heating network consists of plastic pipes (PEX) and KMR steel pipes. In addition to the CHPs of the biogas plant (2 × 360 kWtherm.), A wood chip boiler with 1200kWtherm. An oil boiler (730kWtherm.) Is available for the peak load. The buffer storage has a volume of 50 m³. This type of heat supply can save 1200 t of CO 2 annually. The biogas plant saves a further 2,900 t of CO 2 per year (compared to the German power plant mix through electricity generation).
Oberrosphe
Oberrosphe is a district of Wetter (Hessen) with approx. 800 inhabitants. In October 2008 Bioenergiedorf Oberrosphe eG. a heating plant with woodchip stove put into operation. Since then, half of the households have been supplied with heat via the 7.0 km long network. In addition, solar power is generated and fed into the power grid.
Ostritz
The small Saxon town of Ostritz with 3000 inhabitants is supplied with heat by a biomass cogeneration plant, from which the heat is fed into the households through district heating pipes. Forest companies, carpenters and sawmills from the area supply the raw material wood. The German Federal Environment Foundation (DBU) supported the expansion with almost twelve million euros. In addition to biomass, wind power, hydropower and solar systems provide energy. The expansion into an ecological model city has created some permanent jobs.
Pfalzgrafenweiler
Local heating network set up by WeilerWärme eG with a biogas plant and ORC thermal power station.
Randegg
Randegg is a district of Gottmadingen in the district of Konstanz with around 1000 inhabitants. Since 2009, 146 households have been supplied with renewable energy via a local heating network with a route length of 7 km. Solarcomplex AG is the operator of the network.
The bioenergy village Randegg has existed since 2009. The base load for the local heating network is covered almost completely in summer by a 700 kW thermal pellet boiler from Randegger Ottilien-Quelle GmbH. A 2000 kW thermal wood chip boiler is available for the winter months and peak loads . A 100,000 liter buffer tank complements the system. Randegger Ottilien Quelle aims to fully cover its heating requirements with renewable energies. The excess heat is fed into the local heating network. The height differences to be overcome presented a particular challenge for the planning and construction of the network.
This local heating network can save around 1500 tons of CO 2 per year.
Rai-Breitenbach
In the Breuberg district of Rai-Breitenbach (around 900 inhabitants) in the Odenwald , an operating cooperative has been supplying customers in the village with biogenically generated heat via a local heating network since August 2008. The heating concept includes a biomass combined heat and power plant with a wood chip boiler in combination with a wood gasification block heat and power plant . The peak load is to be covered by an oil boiler with vegetable oil .
Renquishausen
In Renquishausen (approx. 750 inhabitants, Tuttlingen district, Baden-Württemberg), more than 75% of the inhabitants will be supplied with heat from bioenergy from summer 2009. The community's electricity production with bioenergy and other renewable energies is higher than the self-consumption of the connected households. An agricultural biogas plant supplies electricity and has been supplying around 120 houses with heat via a local heating network since summer 2009. The operator of the heating network is Nahwärme Renquishausen GmbH. The shareholders are the community and solarcomplex from Singen. There are also numerous private wood heating systems, solar sewage sludge drying and photovoltaic systems. Private owners have been operating four wind turbines since 1996.
St. Peter in the Black Forest
The municipality of St. Peter , with a population of 2,500 , was named the 16th bioenergy village in Baden-Württemberg in 2010. It is self-sufficient through photovoltaics, thermal solar collectors, wind and water power as well as district heating. This is generated in a community-owned biomass boiler with wood chips. The construction of a combined heat and power plant is also planned.
Sauerlach
A community-owned wood chip heating power plant covers around 60% of the heating requirements in the Bavarian town of Sauerlach (as of January 2007, 6,767 inhabitants) via a 19-kilometer heating network . In addition to almost all public buildings, around 300 private customers are connected to the heating network. The power generation of the thermal power station uses ORC technology ( Organic Rankine Cycle ), which allows power generation even at relatively low process temperatures.
Schlatt on the edge
Schlatt am Randen is a district of Hilzingen in the district of Konstanz with 450 inhabitants. 90% of around 100 households have decided to connect to the local heating network and have thus said goodbye to fossil fuels. This high quota enables 1,400 tons of CO 2 to be saved annually. The local heating network with a length of 4.8 km was put into operation at the end of 2009. The CHP of a biogas plant supplies 300 kW thermal and is supported by two wood chip boilers with 450 kW thermal each . Two storage tanks with a total volume of 50 m³ serve as buffers.
Siebeneich
Supported by the Hohenlohe-Odenwald-Tauber (HOT) bioenergy region , the community of Siebeneich (Bretzfeld) in the Hohenlohe district became the first bioenergy village in the north of Baden-Württemberg. Photovoltaic systems, alternative heating systems based on Miskantus plants, wood chip heating systems, a biogas system and a local heating network form the basis. In 2011 Siebeneich was officially named a bioenergy village.
Sheep farm
The village with its 127 inhabitants is located in the Upper Palatinate Forest. The project partners since 2005 have been the city of Waldmünchen and the Cerchov alliance (cross-border). The following types of biomass are used: meadow grass, silage maize, triticale GPS, green rye GPS as catch crop, manure and liquid manure. Installed systems: biogas plant (500 kWel, 450 kW available thermal power), a local heating network (2150 m) and drying for residual heat use. The electricity is fed into the E.ON network, and heat is distributed to 34 households via a local heating network.
Schlöben
The bioenergy village Schlöben (350 inhabitants) in the Saale-Holzland district in Thuringia pursues the goal of generating heat and power from renewable energy sources (biomass). For this purpose, a biogas plant is supplemented by a CHP , a wood chip heating system and a local heating network . The operator is Bioenergiedorf Schlöben eG, founded in 2009.
Forest
Is a 2547-member community located in the Hohenzollernalb district on the way to the bioenergy village. The local heating network managed by solarcomplex AG has a length of 7 km and supplies 52 buildings, including all municipal buildings and the Wald monastery, with regenerative heat. The Krall biogas plant in Reischach provides the majority of the heat and is supported at peak load times by a 1000 kW gas boiler that is operated with biogas.
Go on
Weiterdingen is a district of Hilzingen in the district of Constance. The place is embedded in the hilly landscape of western Hegau. Weiterdingen has around 210 buildings with around 850 residents. Since 2011, Weiterdingen has been supplied via a local heating network with a route length of 6 km. The technology used includes a biogas-fired CHP with 360 kW thermal energy. and 300kW electr. Power. In addition, a 1200 kW wood chip boiler and an 800 kW oil boiler are used as peak loads. Two 25 m³ buffer tanks complete the system. By feeding in the electricity from the biogas plant, around 2,900 tons of CO 2 are saved annually compared to the German electricity mix . By using the waste heat from the biogas CHP and the wood chip heating system, around 1,200 t CO 2 are saved. Solar power generation saves another 180 t. Overall, this results in CO 2 savings of over 4,200 t annually, over the next 20 years that will total over 80,000 tonnes, a notable contribution to climate protection.
Wolpertshausen
Wolpertshausen near Schwäbisch Hall (Baden-Württemberg) with 1,800 inhabitants is supplied to 50 percent from renewable energies (2006). The ecological residential area Wolpertshausen is completely supplied by local heating or a biogas community system (commissioning: 1996).
Planned projects
District of Göttingen
Following the example of the first German bioenergy village Jühnde, further bioenergy villages are to be built in the Göttingen area. Feasibility studies have been carried out for seven villages in the Göttingen district since mid-2007 . The projects Bioenergy Village Reiffenhausen and Bioenergy Village Wollbrandshausen-Krebeck have been in implementation since June and August 2009 respectively.
Martinshöhe
The local community Martinshöhe (about 1700 inhabitants) in the community of Bruchmühlbach-Miesau , located in the western Palatinate, plans to become a bioenergy village. The feasibility study presented in February demonstrated the profitability of the project with a connection of 70% of all buildings. The construction of a biogas plant (250 kW) to cover the base load and the construction of a wood chip furnace with a peak load boiler are planned. The total heat requirement is 5 MW.
Grimburg
The local community of Grimburg becomes the first bioenergy village in Rhineland-Palatinate. With the help of the investor Pfalzwerke AG , the 180 households in Grimburg are given the opportunity to cover their heat supply via a local heating network, which is supplied by the cogeneration unit of a biogas plant, as part of the 4 million euro project. Only renewable raw materials are used.
Neckargemünd (Weststadt)
In the Weststadt district of Neckargemünd, plans are underway for the construction of a heating plant based on wood chips. The BEST project - Bioenergiestadtteil Neckargemünd Weststadt is to be organized on a cooperative basis and to supply private households and large local consumers with heating.
Consideration
→ See also : Article "Bioenergy", section Evaluation of bioenergies .
Bioenergy villages have special advantages and disadvantages, in addition to the general ones of bioenergies:
advantages
- Greater independence from conventional energy suppliers and rising prices for electricity, natural gas, crude oil, etc. The expenditure for energy remains largely in the region and does not flow abroad.
- Financial income: The municipality or a local public utility can generate income and profits by operating its own facilities. In the case of public facilities, the residents benefit directly; for facilities operated by commercial investors, the municipality can expect trade taxes.
- Local employment: Installation, maintenance and operation of renewable energy systems often mean jobs for local companies such as B. craftsmen, service technicians or raw material suppliers.
- Image gain: Renewable energies stand for a modern, progressive energy supply. Competitions like the " Solarbundesliga " show the innovative spirit of municipalities.
- Many municipalities use their commitment in the field of renewable energies as a tourist magnet. The bioenergy village of Jühnde in Lower Saxony or the Morbach energy landscape in Rhineland-Palatinate, for example, attract a large number of people who want to get an idea of how a community can make itself energy self-sufficient.
- New perspectives for the region: Since renewable energy projects are often implemented in rural regions, the resulting economic dynamism also means that young people are seeing more prospects locally and the rural exodus is decreasing.
- Planning sovereignty: Municipalities have central planning sovereignty, particularly for photovoltaic ground-mounted systems. You determine the scope of implementation.
disadvantage
- First of all, high investments are necessary that will only pay for themselves after several years.
- The concept only works if a significant proportion of the residents participate and can be connected to the local heating network.
- Some bioenergy technologies can only be operated in an economically profitable manner with state funding (e.g. through the Renewable Energy Sources Act).
literature
- Project group bioenergy villages (ed.): The bioenergy village - requirements and consequences of an independent heat and power supply through biomass for agriculture, ecology and lifestyle in rural areas . Rethinking Progress Series , Issue 1, ISSN 2190-7722
- Renewable Energy Agency : Renewable energy projects in municipalities. Successful planning and implementation ( memo of December 29, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) . pdf.
- Hans Ruppert u. a .: [1] . Agency for renewable raw materials, Gülzow 2008, ISBN 978-3-9803927-3-0 .
Web links
- Institutions
- www.kommunal-erneuerbar.de - information portal renewable energies municipalities
- Sustainability Council: Interview: "The energy transition depends on villages and regions"
- www.wege-zum-bioenergiedorf.de - networking portal for bioenergy villages in Germany, including an overview map with bioenergy villages
- www.oekosiedlungen.de - Internet portal for sustainable settlements with details on more than 230 eco-settlements
- research
- Leibniz Institute for Regional Development and Urban Planning: Research project "Resolving local energy-political conflicts and realizing common good goals through new forms of organization in the energy sector."
- www.izne.uni-goettingen.de - Interdisciplinary center of the University of Göttingen, origin of the project idea "The Bioenergy Village"
- www.bioenergiedorf.info - Action research project The Bioenergiedorf of the University of Göttingen
- Projects
- Video series on the bioenergy village Jühnde (2008) in the AV portal of the technical information library
- www.bioenergie-hot.de - Internet portal of the bioenergy region Hohenlohe-Odenwald-Tauber (HOT)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Ways to the Bioenergy Village - Guide for independent heat and power supply based on biomass in rural areas , Hans Ruppert u. a., Agency for Renewable Raw Materials e. V. (FNR), Gülzow 2008, as a pdf or free brochure, ISBN 978-3-9803927-3-0 , 122 pages
- ↑ a b Paths to the Bioenergy Village , information page of the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (BMELV), accessed on January 11, 2010.
- ↑ As a new clause published in 2010 by the Institute for Bioenergy Villages Göttingen
- ↑ a b - Bioenergy village in Baden-Württemberg starts - model project provides an exemplary contribution to climate protection , report on innovations-report.de from November 20, 2006, accessed on January 8, 2010.
- ↑ www.bioenergie-doerfer.de
- ↑ www.eurosolar.org (under solar prices)
- ↑ www.dorfwettbewerb.bund.de
- ↑ www.energieenergie-online.info
- ↑ www.energiekonzept-bw.de
- ↑ www.energiemusterkommune.de
- ↑ www.bioenergieregion-südschwarzwald.de
- ↑ www.energieland-hessen.de (under energy efficiency and sustainability)
- ↑ www.kuk-nds.de
- ↑ Wendland-Elbetal bioenergy region
- ↑ www.e-ko.de
- ↑ Bioenergiedorf Bonndorf , accessed on August 4, 2014.
- ↑ Project description Büsingen ( Memento from July 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Ina Röpcke: Büsingen heats with the sun. In: BUND Yearbook 2014 - Ecological Building & Renovation. BUND , Stuttgart 2013, p. 182f.
- ↑ SOLNET.BW and solar heating network
- ↑ Internet presence of the Bioenergy Village Effelter , accessed on July 5, 2012.
- ↑ Internet pages of the Federal Bioenergy Villages Competition ( Memento from August 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on July 5, 2012.
- ↑ Website of the Bavarian State Ministry for Environment and Health , accessed on July 5, 2012.
- ↑ Bioenergiedorf Emmingen , accessed on June 22, 2014.
- ↑ Internet presence of the municipality of Freiamt ( Memento from January 5, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Super user: Güssing biomass power plant. Accessed April 10, 2018 (German).
- ↑ Bioenergiedorf Grosselfingen , accessed on August 4, 2014.
- ↑ Hilzingen local heating network , accessed on November 30, 2015.
- ^ Project "Das Bioenergiedorf" , project information from the Interdisciplinary Center for Sustainable Development at the University of Göttingen (IZNE) on the bioenergy village Jühnde, accessed on January 11, 2010.
- ↑ Data sheet bioenergy plant Jühnde ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 177 kB), information on the website of the bioenergy village Jühnde, accessed on January 12, 2009.
- ↑ Information portal "communal renewable": model communes in rural areas. Retrieved January 10, 2008
- ^ Bioenergiedorf Lautenbach , accessed on June 22, 2014.
- ↑ Bioenergiedorf Lippertsreute , accessed on May 22, 2014.
- ↑ malstedt.de
- ↑ Bioenergiedorf Messkirch , accessed on July 22, 2014.
- ^ Bioenergy village Oberrosphe. Homepage of Bioenergiedorf Oberrosphe eG.
- ↑ Bioenergiedorf Randegg , accessed on May 22, 2014.
- ^ Homepage Bioenergiedorf Rai-Breitenbach ( Memento from December 17, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on March 4, 2008 and August 13, 2008.
- ↑ Paths to the Bioenergy Village: Bioenergy Village Renquishausen
- ↑ St. Peter in the Black Forest: Bioenergiedorf. Retrieved July 4, 2015 .
- ↑ Interesting facts about the community of Sauerlach. Homepage of the municipality of Sauerlach, accessed on February 29, 2008.
- ^ Bioenergiedorf Schlatt , accessed on June 22, 2014.
- ^ Bioenergy Village Siebeneich ( Memento from April 1, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Municipality of Bretzfeld: # 93; = 2 & tx_ttnews [tt_news] = 175 & cHash = f05fa8f6a30a1461c45937e5db1d4364 Elevation from Siebeneich to a bioenergy village. ( Memento of October 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) August 9, 2011, accessed on November 18, 2013.
- ↑ Fahrt.de: Bioenergiedorf Siebeneich inaugurated , accessed on November 18, 2013.
- ↑ Bioenergy Village Schäferei
- ↑ bioenergiedorf-schlöben.de
- ^ Bioenergy Village Wald , accessed on November 30, 2015.
- ↑ Bioenergiedorf Weiterdingen , accessed on July 22, 2014.
- ^ Ecological settlements in Baden-Württemberg , listing on the oekosiedlung.de page, accessed on January 11, 2010.
- ↑ www.goettingerland.de LEADER + regional management
- ↑ a b c d Advantages of renewable energies in municipalities
- ↑ Bioenergiedorf - Biogasanlage Martinshöhe ( Memento from May 25, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), communication from the Martinshöhe town hall on November 20, 2008, accessed on January 11, 2010.
