Hermannsbad district
Hermannsbad district , 1939–1941 Nessau district , was the name of a German administrative unit in occupied Poland (1939–45) during the Second World War .
prehistory
German Order (1230 to 1422)
The area around the western Polish city of Nieszawa belonged to the state of the Teutonic Order Land as Nessau from the foundation of the first order castle in 1230 until the peace of Lake Melno in 1422 .
Province of South Prussia (1793 to 1807)
After the second partition of Poland , the area was temporarily part of the Radziejow district and the Kowal district in the Prussian province of South Prussia from 1793 to 1807 .
Administrative history
At the beginning of the Second World War , German troops occupied the western Polish powiat Nieszawa , the district town of Nieszawa was captured on September 12, 1939.
On October 26, 1939, the powiat was annexed to the German Reich under the name Landkreis Nessau (from May 21, 1941: Landkreis Hermannsbad ) , which as a unilateral act of violence was ineffective under international law. The district became part of the administrative district Hohensalza in the Reichsgau Wartheland .
The city of Aleksandrów Kujawski became the seat of the German District Office .
The German occupation ended with the invasion of the Red Army in January 1945.
politics
Land Commissioner
- 1939 :?
District administrators
- 1939–1941:?
- 1941–1945: Heinz Siepen
Municipal structure
The localities in the Hermannsbad district were initially grouped into 17 administrative districts . On January 1, 1942, the district of Ciechocinek was named a city according to the German municipal code of 1935; on October 1, 1942, two districts were merged.
expansion
The Hermannsbad district had an area of 1296 km².
population
In 1941 the district of Hermannsbad had: 118,001 mostly Polish inhabitants.
The German occupation authorities expelled almost 12,000 Poles from the area between December 1, 1939 and December 31, 1943.
The Jewish population was murdered in the Chełmno extermination camp until 1942 .
The temporarily resettled Germans fled again towards the end of the occupation.
Place names
At first there were arbitrary Germanizations by local occupation authorities, except for Leslau and Brest it was mostly a matter of phonetic adjustments, translations or free inventions. On May 18, 1943, all places with a post or train station in the Wartheland were officially given German names, although there were deviations.
List of cities and administrative districts in the Hermannsbad district:
| Polish name | German name (1939-1945) | Polish name | German name (1939-1945) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aleksandrów Kujawski | 1939–1943 Alexandrow (Vistula) 1943–1945 Weichselstädt |
Nieszawa | Nessau |
| Bądkowo | Bondkau | Osięciny | Ossenholz |
| Boguszyce | Archer | Piotrków Kujawski | Petrikau |
| Bytoń | Laid paper | Raciążek | Radensburg |
| Ciechocinek | 1941–1945 Hermannsbad | Radziejów | Radichau |
| Czamanin | Czamanin | Ruszkowo | Ruszkowo |
| Koneck | Koneck | Sędzin | Sendin |
| Lubanie | Liebingen | Służewo | Schlusau |
Individual evidence
- ↑ The fate of the nation is our fate. Introduction of District Administrator Siepen as district manager of the Hermannsbad district. In: Litzmannstädter Zeitung , November 13, 1941.
Web links
- Hermannsbad district administrative history and the district administrators on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of August 19, 2013.