Samter district
During the Second World War, Samter County was the name of a German administrative unit in occupied Poland (1939–1945) .
Prehistory (1815 to 1918)
The area around the western Polish city of Szamotuły ( Samter ) belonged to the Prussian province of Posen as the district of Samter from 1815 to 1918 . In the course of the Wielkopolska Uprising , Szamotuły came under Polish control on December 27, 1918 and was officially ceded to the newly founded Poland on June 28, 1919 with the signing of the Versailles Treaty .
Administrative history
At the beginning of the Second World War , German troops occupied the western Polish powiat Szamotuły , the district town of Szamotuły was captured on September 7, 1939.
On October 26, 1939, the powiat was annexed to the German Reich under the name of Landkreis Samter , which, as a unilateral act of violence, was ineffective under international law. The district became part of the administrative district of Posen in the Reichsgau Wartheland .
The seat of the German district office became the district town of Samter .
The German occupation ended with the invasion of the Red Army in January 1945.
politics
Land Commissioner
- 1939 :?
District administrators
- 1939–1941:?
- 1941–1945: Otto Georg Schulze-Anné
- 1945– : Kurt Becker
Municipal structure
The 99 localities in the district were initially grouped into 12 administrative districts . On January 1, 1942, the district of Samter-Stadt was named a city according to the German municipal code of 1935, and on January 1, 1943, the district of Warthestadt . Towards the end of the occupation, the district consisted of 2 cities and 10 administrative districts.
size
The district of Samter had an area of 1093 km².
population
In 1941 the district of Samter had 67,497 mostly Polish inhabitants. The German occupation authorities drove several thousand Poles from the area.
A small German minority lived in the area, and Germans were also settled during the occupation. Towards the end of the occupation, most of them left the area.
The Jewish population was deported to the General Government and murdered there.
Place names
The local occupation authorities immediately gave all localities in the district with German names, although officially, according to an unpublished decree of the Interior Minister of December 29, 1939, the German names valid in 1918 should initially continue to apply. On May 18, 1943, German names were set for all places with a post or train station in Wartheland , although there were again deviations.
List of cities and administrative districts in the district of Samter:
| Polish name | German name (1918) | German name (1939-1945) |
|---|---|---|
| Chojno | Chojno | Karlsfeld |
| Duszniki | Shower technology | 1939–1943 Neusiedeln 1943–1945 Kaisershof |
| Grzebienisko | Kammthal | Ridge valley |
| Kaźmierz | Kazmierz | Urnental |
| Obrzycko | Obersitzko | Upper seat |
| Ostroróg | Sharp place | |
| Otorowo | Ottorowo | 1939–1943 Ottoswalde 1943–1945 Otterwalde |
| Pniewy | tiller | |
| Szamotuły | Velvet | |
| Wróblewo | Wroblewo | 1939–1943 Josefstal 1943–1945 Lerchental |
| Wronki | Wronke | 1939–1943 Warthestadt 1943–1945 Wronke |
literature
- Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State . 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 149-150, item 9.
- Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population. Edited and compiled from the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Part IV: The Province of Posen , Berlin 1874, pp. 76-83 ( e-copy, pp. 83-90 ).
- Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch : The state forces of the Prussian monarchy under Friedrich Wilhelm III . Volume 2, part 1, Berlin 1828, pp. 106-107, item XIV.
- M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
Web links
- District of Samter administrative history and the district administrators on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of August 17, 2013.