Leubnitzbach
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Leubnitzbach Holy Born |
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 The valley in its upper reaches |
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| Data | ||
| location | Dresden , Saxony , Germany | |
| River system | Elbe | |
| Drain over | Landgraben → Elbe → North Sea | |
| origin | Confluence of Britschen-, Keul- and Zauchgraben 51 ° 0 ′ 15 ″ N , 13 ° 45 ′ 15 ″ E |
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| muzzle | as Koitzschgraben in the Landgraben Coordinates: 51 ° 2 '47 " N , 13 ° 48' 53" E 51 ° 2 '47 " N , 13 ° 48' 53" E
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The Leubnitzbach , also named Heiliger Born after a spring in its middle course, or Neuostraer Wasser is a left tributary of the Elbe in the southern urban area of Dresden . Since the Middle Ages, the stream has been of great importance for Dresden's water supply .
Surname
The name Leubnitzbach is based on the name of the village Leubnitz , which today belongs to the Dresden district of Leubnitz-Neuostra .
Often in the literature for the watercourse the name Heiliger Born can be found, which refers to a rich spring located in its middle course. According to tradition, the water is said to have been used by sick pilgrims for ablutions because they believed it would heal themselves.
Run and geology
The Leubnitzbachtal begins on the southern slopes of the Elbe valley in Dresden in the form of three small rivulets in the fields between Goppeln , Rippien and Rosentitz . These are the Britschen-Graben , Keul-Graben and Zauch-Graben . In their source areas, the soils consist of several meters thick layers of loess-containing loam . The streams of the spring have dug their way down to the sandstone plan underneath and cut through the sloping surface of the hangers as gentle depressions.
Before entering the Leubnitzgrund, which begins with steep slopes, the mostly dry trenches unite to form a common course. A relatively narrow small valley begins here, which is lined on both sides by allotment gardens and meadows. The source of the Holy Born , which is protected by a hill-like fountain house (laid out in 1835), lies in the Holy Ground before urban development began . A small but intense inflow emerges at its foot, and after a few meters it flows into the bed of the Leubnitzbach, which has been mostly dry until then. A small retention basin built in 1955 provides flood protection about 200 meters downstream .
After about 400 meters, the Leubnitzbach on Brunnenstrasse reaches the limit of the built-up area. There is a well made of Elbe sandstone with benches, fed by a pipeline . The small complex was built in 1992 based on a design by the sculptor Petra Graupner .
The stream runs through the village centers of Leubnitz-Neuostra, where it can be followed on an old parallel footpath. At the point where it reaches the old connecting path between the parish and the Leubnitz-Neuostra church , two historic sandstone pedestrian bridges cross the Leubnitzbach. From here it flows in a north-easterly direction to Dohnaer Straße . A few meters in front of this main road there is a small weir in its bed with ashlar masonry , which reveals an old branch that is no longer used today. Used to be above-ground course waved here towards the village chasing , where he said Kaitzbachmühlgraben flowing not and now in the area of the retention basin at Hugo Bürkner Park with the Kaitzbach combined. Today there is an underground feeder on this line along Dohnaer Straße. With its earlier course between the northern part of the village center of Leubnitz and the former meadows at the retention basin east of Strehlen, it encompassed an arch-like area that consisted of old humus soils in its original subsoil and a strip of clay borders north of its course on Dohnaer Straße and marl sand.
The further course of Leubnitzbaches on the road in town Dohnaer outward direction is taken underground for about 300 meters, the highway crosses the level of the former Weizenin -factory and flows on industrial terrain the Koitzschgraben to. The Koitzschgraben was originally an independent watercourse, which had its source in an earlier meadow southeast of today's community center St. Petrus. The water reaches the Landgraben via the Koitzschgraben and the Elbe at Blasewitz .
Flood and protection
The Leubnitzbach can rise sharply when it rains. Its relatively extensive fan-like headwaters collect large amounts of rainwater. For this reason there is a small retention basin a few meters in front of the development of Leubnitz-Neuostra as part of the Dresden flood protection .
Significance for the historical water supply of Dresden
The course of the river was of great importance for the medieval and later water supply of the Dresden Fortress . The reason for this is the Holy Born . Another source in Niedergorbitz and the Holy Born were the only two historical extraction sites for safe water throughout the year in the nearby region of the old fortress town. For this reason, a wooden pipe water pipe from Leubnitz was placed in the fortress at an early stage . It was built between 1551 and 1555 by a union of officials and citizens with the support of the elector. Its course ran through the Leubnitzer Grund along the Teplitzer Straße via Strehlen, from there almost parallel to the Kaitzbach through the Bürgerwiese to the old city center. The ditch at the fortifications was bridged with a tubular chair . This wooden construction was lined with lead plates and also led the Kaitzbach through the fortress wall. Then the water was distributed through main pipes and pipe boxes (later sandstone troughs and basins) in side pipes of many streets. Some other important water pipes of the Dresden fortress with the castle are even older, but came from the direction of Dresden-Plauen , brought Weißeritzwasser , and from the direction of Räcknitz .
Pine wood was used for the tubes. If tubes with a larger diameter were required, the necessary trunks were procured from Bohemia. The main water lines had bore diameters of 7.7 cm, 8.8 cm and 10.6 cm. The supply lines to the houses were equipped with a diameter of 2.7 and 5.3 cm. For this secondary line, the pine trunks came from the Dresden Heath and from forest areas near Elsterwerda . The length of a single tube was 6 cubits (3.40 m). Depending on the type of soil, their service life was at least 6 and a maximum of 80 years. Until the 19th century, lines were used in Dresden that were connected to one another by a circular sheet iron strip cut into the wood at the front of the logs. The pipe master was entrusted with the manufacture of these and the repair of the pipeline systems , which had since grown to be complex . In the course of the 19th century, water pipes made of Elbe sandstone increasingly prevailed. These consisted of elongated blocks with a central hole. In the middle of the 18th century, the water pipe system in Dresden's old town and new town covered a total of 200 kilometers. The increase in the urban population made the water supply more expensive and there were no longer enough suitable tree trunks of high quality available. Therefore, experiments were made with iron and clay pipes. However, the results were not satisfactory. Although stone pipes had already been discussed at the end of the 18th century, the decision of the city council on the proposal of Rudolf Sigismund Blochmann in their favor was not made until 1835. The laying work involved the laying of iron gas pipes. Deliveries came from the sandstone quarries near Cotta and Postelwitz .
The Leubnitz pipeline supplied the city with spring water for over 400 years. Thanks to its productivity and good quality, the Holy Born was an important location in the Dresden area. The annual spring discharge is 150,000 cubic meters. It owes its continuous flow of water to the Cretaceous rock layers falling in a northeastern direction . They consist of alternating sediment sequences with impermeable horizons (tarpaulin and marl ) and intermediate aquifers made of porous rock layers. As the example of the Artesian well in the Neustadt and other earlier wells of this type in Dresden shows, the amounts of water present in the layers are considerable. With the Holy Born they come to light naturally and let the water volumes carried with them escape in the form of a spring.
In most of the small southern side valleys of Dresden, the tarpaulin or marl layers form a water-impermeable valley floor. These layers are also the reason why several swamp meadows existed at Leubnitz, Torna and Strehlen before the development , some of which released their water into the system of the Kaitzbach, of which the Leubnitzbach belongs.
literature
- F. Kossmat , K. Pietzsch : Special geological map of the Kingdom of Saxony, No. 82 sheet Kreischa . II edition. Kgl. Ministry of Finance (Ed.), Dresden 1912
- F. Kossmat, R. Grahmann, H. Ebert, A. Graupner, K. Pietsch, G. Bierbaum: Geological map of Saxony, No. 66 sheet Dresden . III. Edition. Leipzig 1934
- Wilhelm Robert Nessig : Geological excursions in the area around Dresden . Dresden 1898. - Digitized
- EK Rühle: The water supply of the city of Dresden from the 13th to the 19th century . (Research on the oldest development in Dresden, volume 2) Bibliographisches Institut Leipzig. Leipzig 1954
Individual evidence
- ↑ The fish waters in the Kingdom of Saxony: Presentation of the entire Saxon fishing conditions , ed. by the Saxon Fisheries Association, edited by B. Steglich, Dresden Schönfeld in Komm., 1895 (Schriften Sächs. Fischereiverein, 20), p. 49 classified there as a tributary of the Kaitzbach
- ↑ Nessig: Geological excursions . P. 94
- ^ Dietrich Zühlke (Red.) Et al .: Dresden. Results of the local history inventory . ( Values of our homeland , Volume 42). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1985. p. 209
- ^ Gerke: Plan of Dresden 1912 , land surveying office of the city of Dresden.
- ↑ State capital Dresden, urban development and environment: Leubnitzbach water guide , station 4: Leubnitz-Neuostra cemetery ( Memento from April 19, 2015 in the web archive archive.today )
- ^ F. Kossmat et al .: Geological map of Saxony, No. 66 sheet Dresden. Signatures h and am
- ^ Rühle: water supply . Pp. 51-55
- ^ Rühle: water supply . Pp. 58-61
- ^ H. Ebert, R. Grahmann, K. Pietzsch: Explanations, sheet Dresden . Leipzig 1934, p. 140
Web links
- City of Dresden, urban development and the environment: Leubnitzbach water guide ( Memento from August 1, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
- Description of the Holy Born