Lilium is debilitating
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Lilium is debilitating |
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Lilium debile is a plant from the genus of lilies ( Lilium ) in the section Martagon . The range of the species extends over Kamchatka , the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin . It was firstcollectedin 1828 by Heinrich von Kittlitz in Kamchatka. He described it in 1858 as a separate species resembling the Turkic League.
features
Lilium debile is a perennial , herbaceous plant . It reaches heights between 40 and 80 centimeters. The stem axis is erect, slimmer than other lilies and hairless. The color changes from green at the base to a dull yellow-brown in the upper part.
onion
The onion consists of twenty to thirty overlapping scales and is not protected by an additional outer skin. It reaches a diameter between 2.5 and 4.5 centimeters. The shape is compressed and rhizome-like , it is covered with pores and tends to disintegrate. The scales are white and narrow-lanceolate. They are divided into two or three segments.
The roots are adventitious roots , few of which arise directly from the stem axis .
leaves
The leaf position is lively , usually five to twenty leaves are in one or rarely two to three whorls. The deepest whorl is always above the center of the stem, that is, the lower half of the stem is leafless. The narrow-lanceolated leaves are about 0.8 to three inches wide and eight to 13 inches long.
Flowers and fruits
The plant blooms from July to August, the panicle-shaped inflorescence consists of one to seven stalked flowers . The flower stalks are between 2.5 and eight inches long. The inflorescence is turban-shaped and reaches a diameter between 3 and 4.5 centimeters. The flowers are threefold and hermaphroditic, the six bracts ( tepals ) are of the same shape and strongly bent back ( Turkish covenant shape ). The color of the flowers is shiny brownish-orange-red with or without dark speckles, towards the end of the flowering period the tip turns white. The tepals are lanceolate and keeled, inside they are fleshy. They are between three and 3.5 inches long and between one and 1.3 inches wide.
Each flower has six stamens . The anthers (anthers) and pollen are light orange in color. The stamp is composed of three intergrown carpels . The ovary is upper constant and only slightly shorter than the pen .
The nectaries have a slit-shaped opening. The edges are smooth or covered with papillae .
After flowering, egg-shaped capsule fruits form . The seeds germinate with a delayed hypogeanic (underground germination).
distribution
Lilium debile is widespread in a comparatively large area that extends over Kamchatka , the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin . It inhabits altitudes of up to one thousand meters. A north-south orientation of the distribution area is clearly recognizable. The species is more common on islands than on the mainland.
Locations are often found in fir forests , with Sakhalin firs ( Abies sachalinensis ), or in larch forests , from the Dahurian larch ( Larix gmelinii ). But mixed forests are also inhabited, where Erman's birch ( Betula ermanii ) or the dwarf birch ( Betula nana ) are preferred as neighbors. Other locations are flanks and slopes of low hills and damp spots in the shade or partial shade.
Danger
The species is considered endangered and is on the Red List for Russia. Although the existence of the species is considered certain due to the inaccessible and inhospitable range, many stocks of Lilium debile are acutely threatened by forestry exploitation of the region, new mines and oil and gas production in the region.
Botanical history
Lilium debile was first collected in 1828 by Heinrich von Kittlitz in Kamchatka. In 1858 he described it as a separate species resembling the Turk's Union ( Lilium martagon ) and named it with the epithet debile from the Latin dēbilis (= weak, frail) after the slender and flexible stem. The first description, however, is very imprecise and, apart from two drawings, contains hardly any descriptions of features.
In 1865 the species was used by Friedrich Ernst Ludwig von Fischer and Karl Johann Maximowicz again as Lilium avenaceum fish. ex Maxim. described. However, the authors combined three types of lily with lively leaf formation, Lilium debile , Lilium medeoloides and Lilium distichum to form one species. However, the name of the first description is valid - Lilium debile .
Many subsequent authors have treated Lilium debile as synonymous with Lilium medeoloides , but Czerepanov recognizes the species, which is also followed by the “World Checklist of Selected Plant Families” of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew .
use
Kittlitz reports that the onion scales of the species make a "tasty and apparently very nutritious vegetable, [which] are, however, not nearly as firm and flour-rich as the rounded ones of the so-called black Sarannah [( Fritillaria camschatcensis )]". The common name Саранка Saranka, Sarana or Sarannah , which Kittlitz mentions, is also used in Russian for Lilium martagon and the aforementioned Fritillaria . A groats made from the lily or fritillaria onions is known under the name Овсянка Ovsjanka (incorrectly Ofsjanka near Kittlitz ).
literature
Much of the information in this article has been obtained from the following sources:
- Friedrich Heinrich von Kittlitz: Memories of a trip to Russian America, to Micronesia and through Kamchatka . tape 2 . Perthes, Gotha 1858, p. 261 f., 321 f .
- Marina Vasilevna Baranova: Lilii . Agropromizdat, Leningrad 1980, ISBN 5-10-000140-2 , p. 188 . (Russian)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Yushun Kudo: About the plant geography of Northern Japan (including the Kuril Islands) and the Sakhalin Island . In: Plant Systematics and Evolution . tape 76 , no. 4 , December 1927, ISSN 0378-2697 , p. 306-311 , doi : 10.1007 / BF01246234 .
- ↑ VD Golovanov (ed.): Krasnaya Kniga RSFSR (rasteniya) [The Red Data book of the RSFSR (plants)] . Rosagropromizdat, Moscow 1988, ISBN 5-260-00254-7 .
- ↑ SK Czerepanov (ed.): Vascular Plants of Russia and Adjacent States (The Former USSR) . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1995, ISBN 0-521-45006-3 .
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Lilium debile. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 2, 2007.
- ↑ Kittlitz 1858, pp. 261f
Web links
- Description on deflorum.com (English)
