Purple thing

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Purple thing
Violet thingy (Limodorum abortivum)

Violet thingy ( Limodorum abortivum )

Systematics
Family : Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily : Epidendroideae
Tribe : Neottieae
Sub tribus : Limodorinae
Genre : Dingel ( Limodorum )
Type : Purple thing
Scientific name
Limodorum abortivum
( L. ) Sw.

The Violette Limodore ( Limodorum abortivum ) is a species of the genus Limodore ( Limodorum ) in the family of orchid (Orchidaceae).

description

Illustrations of the basic forms of orchid species occurring in Germany and the neighboring areas , plate 42
Zygomorphic flower

Vegetative characteristics

The Violet Dingel is a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 20 to 60 centimeters. It forms numerous long, fleshy roots. This geophyte forms a short, thick, fleshy rhizome . The sturdy, finely striped stem has divorced scale leaves, but no leaves.

Generative characteristics

The flowering time is in Central Europe in (May) June. The loose inflorescence contains 5 to 20 flowers. The bracts are longer than the ovary . The flower stalk is short and twisted. The hermaphrodite flower is zygomorphic and threefold. The lip of the flower protrudes horizontally to upright, indistinctly constricted near the base, fore limb ( epichil ) with upturned, wavy edges, curved outwards in the longitudinal direction.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 56 or 64.

ecology

Although the plants contain chlorophyll and photosynthesis , this is not enough to compensate for the loss of breathing. The purple thingy is therefore dependent on the supply of its root fungi for nutrition, mainly ectomycorrhizal fungi from the genus Russula (pigeons). The violet thing belongs to the mykoheterotrophen plants.

In the literature, the violet thing is described as both autogamous and allogamous . During self-pollination, the pollen masses fall from the opened anthers onto the sticky scar below. Since the flowers in the spur secrete nectar, insect pollination is also possible. Solitary bees of the genus Anthophora have been identified as pollinators from the eastern Mediterranean . The fruit set is about 80%.

In unfavorable (dry) years, the plants can also bloom underground ( Kleistogamy ).

Occurrence and endangerment

The main area of distribution of this particularly warmth-needy species is in the Mediterranean area . To the north the Violet Dingel penetrates to Belgium , Germany and the Czech Republic , to the east to the Caucasus and Iran .

In Germany the Violette Dingel can only be found in a few locations on the Upper Rhine and in the southern Eifel . Only very rarely does it occur in individual copies outside of these regions - and then usually only for a short time - for example in the Rems valley. In Germany, the purple thing is on the Red List of Threatened Species from 1998 at level 1 = critically endangered and is particularly protected. According to Baumann and Künkele , the species has the following altitude limits in the Alpine countries: Germany 210–420 meters, France 50–1550 meters, Switzerland 450–1500 meters, Liechtenstein 480–520 meters, Austria 300–1140 meters, Italy 5–1800 meters, Slovenia 30-710 meters. In Europe the species rises in Greece up to 1900 meters, in Turkey and Iran up to 2300 meters above sea level. In Austria seldom to very seldom from the colline to submontane altitude level . Prefers sub-Mediterranean climate. Occurrence in Burgenland , Vienna (!), Lower Austria , Upper Austria , Styria , Carinthia , Tyrol and Salzburg (?). In Austria the violet thing is considered endangered. In Switzerland , the larger areas of distribution are in the cantons of Ticino , Jura , Valais and in the Rhine Valley near Chur , but here too the purple thingy is rare.

As a location, this lime-loving plant thrives best in light, warm, dry pine and oak forests as well as grasslands . In Germany, it usually thrives under pines with piled up needle-litter-moder-gauze. After Ellenberg the Violette is Limodore Association characteristic species of the Central European-subozeanischen, drought-carrying oak mixed forests ( Quercion pubescenti-petraeae ). According to Oberdorfer, it is a character species of the Quercetum pubescentis petraeae in Central Europe, but supra-regionally a character species of the order Quercetalia pubescentis.

literature

  • Fritz Füller: Orchids of Central Europe, 7th part. Limodorum, Epipogium, Neottia, Corallorhiza (= Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei. Volume 385). 3rd edition (unchanged reprint of the 2nd edition from 1977). Westarp Sciences, Hohenwarsleben 2002, ISBN 3-89432-491-0 .
  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , p. 273.
  2. ↑ M. Girlanda, MA Selosse, D. Cafasso, F. Brilli, S. Delfine, R. Fabbian, S. Ghignone, P. Pinelli, R. Segreto, F. Loreto, S. Cozzolino, S. Perotto: Inefficient photosynthesis in the Mediterranean orchid Limodorum abortivum is mirrored by specific association to ectomycorrhizal Russulaceae. In: Molecular Ecology. Volume 15, No. 2, 2006, pp. 491-504, doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-294X.2005.02770.x .
  3. ↑ a b Helmut Baumann , Siegfried Künkele : Orchidaceae . In: Oskar Sebald u. a .: The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 1st edition Volume 8, page 318. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1998. ISBN 3-8001-3359-8

Web links

Commons : Violetter Dingel ( Limodorum abortivum )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Distribution maps
Regional links