Lina Heydrich

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Lina and Reinhard Heydrich attend a concert in Prague's Waldstein Palace on the occasion of the Prague Music Week (May 26, 1942)

Lina Heydrich , b. Lina Mathilde von Osten , in second marriage married Lina Manninen (* 14. June 1911 on Fehmarn ; †  14. August 1985 ibid) was the wife of the later Obergruppenfuehrer , head of the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA) and Deputy Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia , Reinhard Heydrich .

Life

origin

Lina von Osten was the daughter of Jürgen von Osten (1870–1968) and Mathilde, nee. Hiss (1874-1968). Her father was an impoverished German aristocrat of Danish origin who worked as a village school teacher in Lütjenbrode . She joined the NSDAP at the age of 19 ( membership number 1.201.380) and was a "staunch National Socialist and ardent anti-Semite " at a young age . Her family was also strongly right-wing, her brother Hans (1910–1989) became a member of the SA in 1928 .

Lina von Osten graduated from school in Oldenburg in 1927 and began training as a trade teacher in a vocational school for girls in Kiel in 1928.

Meeting with Reinhard Heydrich

She met Reinhard Heydrich in December 1930. After only two weeks Heydrich and von Osten were engaged after Heydrich asked her father for them.

Under their influence - and that of their deeply nationalist family - Heydrich, who was initially indifferent to party politics, moved closer to National Socialism. In addition, Lina Heydrich had urged her future husband to attend an interview with Heinrich Himmler in Munich, which had actually already been canceled , which marked the beginning of a steep career. On December 26, 1931 - her husband was already a National Socialist and worked for Himmler at this point - the wedding took place in Großenbrode according to the Protestant rite and with the singing of the Horst Wessel song . The marriage had four children; two sons - Klaus (* June 17, 1933), who died in a traffic accident on October 24, 1943, and Heider (* December 23, 1934), the managing director of Dornier - and two daughters, the trained opera singer Silke (* 9 April 1939) and Marte (born July 23, 1942).

Life as Heydrich's wife

The seizure of power by the NSDAP and her husband's career jumps accompanied her with joy and political sympathy. After taking over the political police (BPP) in Bavaria, she triumphantly described in a letter to her parents the disempowerment of the Bavarian government and the ongoing waves of arrests:

“In the evening the SA and SS had their special pleasure. Their task was to arrest all political opponents, as far as they were known, and to bring them into the Brown House . That was for the boys. At last they are allowed to take revenge for all the injustice that was done to them, for all the blows and wounds, and to take revenge for their fallen comrades. More than 200 are now sitting, KPD , SPD , Jews and the Bavarian People's Party ... The Minister of the Interior is standing in the hall in socks and nightgown , surrounded by a crowd of SA and SS who laugh and don't know where to go. Then they come and step on the weeping Minister of the Interior with their heavy boots on the big toe so that he hops from one leg to the other between them. You can imagine the picture. Next the Jew Lewy is introduced. They make short work of that. They beat him with dog whips, take off his shoes and stockings and so he has to walk barefoot in the company of SS to his home ... "

She did not get along with Margarete Himmler , Heinrich Himmler's wife. Among other things, she accused her of stinginess, which was expressed in too simple housekeeping. Lina Heydrich herself enjoyed the upscale lifestyle that her husband's rising positions brought them both. Still, their marriage was not free from problems. Not only Reinhard Heydrich, she is also said to have had some affairs herself.

After her husband was appointed Deputy Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia, the family moved, to Lina Heydrich's satisfaction, to the luxurious and idyllic property of Jungfern Breschan Castle near Prague, which had already been taken from its Jewish owner Ferdinand Bloch-Bauer after the German invasion and now to was reshaped according to their wishes.

Widow life

Further life

After the assassination attempt on Heydrich in Prague and his death a week later on June 4, 1942, Lina Heydrich continued to live with her children at the castle until 1945, which she left for Bavaria shortly before the approaching Soviet army on Heinrich Himmler's personal advice. She was treated badly by the Jewish slave laborers she provided. According to later testimony, she observed the workers with binoculars and had SS guards whip those who worked too slowly for her. "Jewish forced laborers whose behavior did not appear to be respectful to them spit on or beat them." In 1944, the Jewish forced laborers were exchanged for non-Jews and deported to extermination camps .

In the post-war years she lived in her region of origin in Burg on Fehmarn . An extradition request from the Czechoslovak government was rejected by the British military administration in 1947 . She was sentenced to life imprisonment in absentia in Czechoslovakia in 1948.

On Fehmarn she ran the Imbria Parva guesthouse , which often housed “former SS comrades of her husband at reunion celebrations”, who exchanged memories of “better times” there. She was married to the Finnish painter and theater director Mauno Manninen from 1965 until his death in 1969. In February 1969, the Hotel Imbria Parva burned down while welding under the thatched roof. On her 70th birthday, Lina Heydrich withdrew into private life.

She played down the responsibility of her first husband Heydrich for the victims of National Socialism, among other things in her memoir, which appeared in 1976 under the title Life with a War Criminal . In them, she described her husband as an upright man of honor who, in a situation and predicament, could not have acted otherwise than he did. “Well cared for by the German taxpayer, Lina Heydrich should never utter a word of regret for her husband's deeds”, but “died in August 1985, full of contempt for a society that refused to pay tribute to the sacrifices her family made during of the war, ”later wrote the historian Robert Gerwarth about her.

Survivors' pension

According to Werner Maser annexed her autobiography Lina Heydrich in the " Third Reich , the civil service" after the assassination of her husband for themselves and their children together as well as other benefits for widows and orphans cover of a police general in the amount of 1,900 Reichsmarks net based monthly. These payments were discontinued after the end of the war and were not resumed under the Federal German 131 Act .

In 1950, Lina Heydrich applied to the Schleswig-Holstein State Supply Office for widows and orphans' payments under the law on the care of victims of war ( Federal Supply Act ) because her husband "fell victim to the assassination". The application was rejected in 1952, among other things because Reinhard Heydrich was not a soldier, but a Reichsbeamter. The Schleswig Upper Insurance Office, which was then called on, saw the assassination attempt as an act of war within the meaning of Section 1 (2a) and Section 5 (1) (a) BVG because it had been prepared in England with Czech nationals. As a result, Lina Heydrich was granted pension entitlements retrospectively from 1950 onwards, against which the State of Schleswig-Holstein , represented by the Landesversorgungsamt, and the Federal Minister for Labor and Social Affairs appealed in 1954.

With a judgment of June 27, 1958, the State Social Court of Schleswig confirmed the decision of the Upper Insurance Office. In contrast to the 131 Law and the compensation regulations of the federal state legislation or allied ordinances, the concept of "unworthiness", which would have excluded claims by Nazi perpetrators, was not included in the Federal Supply Act , after a corresponding regulation in the legislative process on the part of the ruling parties CDU , FDP and German Party (DP) was encountered. The role or concrete actions of Heydrich during the Nazi era were therefore not to be assessed by the regional social court. It was all about the question of whether the attack on Heydrich was to be regarded as an act of war. Unlike the appraiser commissioned by the court, Michael Freund , the latter took the view that the assassins were “ Czech soldiers ” who “... took part in the war against the German Reich on the side of the Allied forces.” Even if they deviated from the rules of war , “their actions have not lost the character of combat operations”.

The court decision led to public criticism, such as the Federation of Victims of the Nazi Regime up to the Schleswig-Holstein state government under Prime Minister von Hassel , because the war victims, especially the war-wounded and social compensation should benefit needy families of fallen or missing soldiers, but not Former Nazi functionaries responsible for the Second World War and its aftermath. These are not "victims of war". In 1952, a total of 3.2 billion DM was spent on 4.3 million beneficiaries in Germany.

In the cabinet of the invited Federal Republic of Germany , the judgment led to a discussion, and later to a major inquiry by the SPD in the Bundestag on questions of judicial policy.

In 1954, Lina Heydrich also turned a petition to the German Bundestag about a training grant and an apprenticeship for her son, regulated in §§ 25 ff. BVG 1950.

Publications

  • Life with a War Criminal. With comments by Werner Maser. Ludwig, Pfaffenhofen 1976, ISBN 3-7787-1025-7 .
    • New edition: My life with Reinhard. The personal biography. Edited by Heider Heydrich. Druffel & Vowinckel, Gilching 2012, ISBN 978-3-8061-1228-3 .

literature

  • Mario R. Dederichs: Heydrich. The face of evil. Piper, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-492-04543-X .
  • Robert Gerwarth: Reinhard Heydrich. Biography. Siedler, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-88680-894-6 .
  • Lisa Sophie Kämmer: Lina Heydrich (1911–1985) self-portrayal and external attribution in the field of tension between female perpetrators. In: Journal of the Society for Schleswig-Holstein History. Volume 139. Neumünster / Hamburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-529-02339-2 .
  • Anna Maria Sigmund : The women of the Nazis II. Ueberreuter / Heyne, Vienna / Munich 2000, ISBN 3-8000-3777-7 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Its trained coldness is particularly repulsive. Interview with Robert Gerwarth. In: one day of September 21, 2011; it is about the font Lina Heydrich: Life with a war criminal. With comments by Werner Maser . Verlag W. Ludwig, Pfaffenhofen 1976, ISBN 3-7787-1025-7 .
  2. ^ Robert Gerwarth: Reinhard Heydrich. Biography. Siedler, Munich 2011, p. 60.
  3. ^ Robert Gerwarth: Reinhard Heydrich. Biography. Siedler, Munich 2011, p. 61.
  4. ^ Robert Gerwarth: Reinhard Heydrich. Biography. Siedler, Munich 2011, p. 62 ff.
  5. ^ Robert Gerwarth: Reinhard Heydrich. Biography. Siedler, Munich 2011, p. 79.
  6. ^ " Company pensioner " Fischer succeeds Heydrich. In: Augsburger Allgemeine .
  7. ↑ Hans-Jörg Schmidt: Heydrich son wants to renovate ex-family seat. In: The world . March 26, 2011, accessed May 16, 2020.
  8. ↑ Silke Heydrich , Der Spiegel , June 27, 1962.
  9. ^ Letter from Lina Heydrich, quoted from Robert Gerwarth: Reinhard Heydrich. Biography. Siedler, Munich 2011, p. 90.
  10. ^ Robert Gerwarth: Reinhard Heydrich. Biography. Siedler, Munich 2011, p. 63.
  11. ^ Robert Gerwarth: Reinhard Heydrich. Biography. Siedler, Munich 2011, p. 137 ff.
  12. ↑ Robert Gerwarth. Reinhard Heydrich. Biography. Siedler, Munich 2011, p. 142.
  13. ^ Robert Gerwarth: Reinhard Heydrich. Biography. Siedler, Munich 2011, p. 288.
  14. ^ Robert Gerwarth: Reinhard Heydrich. Biography. Siedler, Munich 2011, p. 350.
  15. ^ Robert Gerwarth: Reinhard Heydrich. Biography. Siedler, Munich 2011, p. 349.
  16. ↑ Epilogue: Repression, Cover-Up and Forgiveness. stern.de , 2011.
  17. ^ Robert Gerwarth: Reinhard Heydrich. Biography. Siedler, Munich 2011, p. 350.
  18. ↑ Harald Raab: History: Heydrich's castle causes excitement. In: Mittelbayerische Zeitung , April 8, 2011, accessed on May 16, 2020.
  19. ↑ Epilogue: Repression, Cover-Up and Forgiveness. stern.de, November 6, 2002.
  20. ^ Robert Gerwarth: Reinhard Heydrich. Biography. Siedler, Munich 2011, p. 350.
  21. ↑ How Heydrich and Himmler celebrated on the south beach. fehmarn24.de, February 23, 2010.
  22. ↑ Lina Manninen Der Spiegel , July 11, 1966.
  23. ^ Heydrich: The Face of Evil. P. 174; On-line
  24. ↑ Mario R. Dederichs: repression, cover-up and forgiveness. stern.de from November 6, 2002, accessed on September 18, 2015.
  25. ↑ A hard life: Mrs. Lina Manninen died at the age of 74. Fehmarnsches Tageblatt, August 14, 1985. Printed by Uwe Danker : Nazi victims and perpetrators - supply with double standards. Lina Heydrich and Dr. Norbert L. with pension matters in court. Advisory Board for History (Ed.): Democratic History. Volume 10, p. 304.
  26. ^ Robert Gerwarth: Reinhard Heydrich. Biography. Siedler, Munich 2011, p. 351.
  27. ↑ a b c Uwe Danker : Nazi victims and perpetrators - supply with double standards. Lina Heydrich and Dr. Norbert L. with pension matters in court. Society for Politics and Education Schleswig-Holstein, Advisory Board for History (Hrsg.): Democratic history. Volume 10, p. 295.
  28. ^ Judgment of the Schleswig Regional Administrative Court of August 25, 1953, Az .: V 36/52; see. Judgment of the Landessozialgericht Schleswig dated June 27, 1958, Az .: L4 W 1014/1015/54, p. 3.
  29. ^ Uwe Danker: Nazi victims and perpetrators - supply with two standards. Lina Heydrich and Dr. Norbert L. with pension matters in court. Society for Politics and Education Schleswig-Holstein, Advisory Board for History (Hrsg.): Democratic history. Volume 10, p. 296.
  30. ^ Judgment of the Schleswig Regional Social Court of June 27, 1958, Az .: L4 W 1014/1015/54, cf. Uwe Danker : Victims of Nazism and perpetrators - two standards of supply. Lina Heydrich and Dr. Norbert L. with pension matters in court. Society for Politics and Education Schleswig-Holstein, Advisory Board for History (Ed.): Democratic History , Volume 10, pp. 299–302.
  31. ↑ Heydrich's black war. In: Die Zeit , May 10, 1956.
  32. ^ Andreas Frank: The unworthiness of compensation in the German war victims' pension (§ 1 a BVG). In: Disability Law. (Journal) br 2000, pp. 125-143.
  33. ↑ Uwe Danker: Nazi victims and perpetrators - two kinds of supplies. Lina Heydrich and Dr. Norbert L. with pension matters in court. Society for Politics and Education Schleswig-Holstein, Advisory Board for History (Hrsg.): Democratic history. Volume 10, p. 296.
  34. ↑ Uwe Danker: Nazi victims and perpetrators - two kinds of supplies. Lina Heydrich and Dr. Norbert L. with pension matters in court. Society for Politics and Education Schleswig-Holstein, Advisory Board for History (Hrsg.): Democratic history. Volume 10, p. 302.
  35. ^ Anna Maria Sigmund : The women of the Nazis II. Ueberreuter / Heyne, Vienna / Munich 2000, ISBN 3-8000-3777-7 , p. 210.
  36. ↑ Bernd Kasten: The reputation of the state of Schleswig-Holstein. The von Hassel government in dealing with problems of the National Socialist past 1954-1961. In: Journal of the Society for Schleswig-Holstein History . Vol. 118, Neumünster 1993, pp. 267-284.
  37. ↑ Provision for war victims. History of the CDU. On the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung website . Retrieved October 8, 2016.
  38. ↑ BT printed matter 3/569 from 16 October 1958
  39. ^ Ulrich Enders: Legal and domestic policy. In: Hartmut Weber (Ed.): The Cabinet Protocols of the Federal Government. Volume 11: 1958. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 2002 ( bundesarchiv.de ). There are also the minutes of the cabinet meetings of September 3, 1958 , December 3, 1958 and January 14, 1959
  40. ^ Motions from committees of the German Bundestag regarding petitions of July 3, 1954.
  41. ↑ Review note by Sabine Fröhlich in the NZZ of March 15, 2001, reproduced in the online culture magazine Perlentaucher: Anna Maria Sigmund: Die Frauen der Nazis. Volume 2 .
personal data
SURNAME Heydrich, Lina
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Osten, Lina Mathilde von; Manninen, Lina
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German wife of Reinhard Heydrich
DATE OF BIRTH June 14, 1911
PLACE OF BIRTH Fehmarn
DATE OF DEATH August 14, 1985
Place of death Fehmarn