List of prisoners in the Buchenwald concentration camp

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The list of inmates of the Buchenwald concentration camp includes known inmates in the Buchenwald concentration camp .

Between 1937 and 1945 around 250,000 people were imprisoned in Buchenwald. Many publicly known persons were among the internees.

Function prisoners

Functional prisoners were those prisoners who were appointed by the SS to be overseers - e. B. in work assignments - were appointed. Without them, the SS could have organized the camp much less effectively. Depending on the area and work detail, their positions were differently influential. They were always in a difficult position in the hierarchy between the normal work prisoners and the SS commanders. Some of them were:

Politician

  • Karl Barthel (1907–1974), KPD member of the Reichstag
  • Josef Baumhoff (1887–1962), civil servant and politician (center)
  • Léon Blum (1872–1950), French socialist politician of Jewish origin, Prime Minister of France before and after his imprisonment in Buchenwald
  • Rudolf Breitscheid (1874–1944), SPD member of the Reichstag
  • Hermann Brill (1895–1959), SPD member of the Reichstag
  • Ernst Busse (1897–1952), KPD politician, camp elder and Kapo. Later deputy prime minister and interior minister in Thuringia
  • Édouard Daladier (1884–1970), French Prime Minister
  • Victor Delplanque (1881–1944), French political prisoner. Joseph Roth later received his concentration camp number .
  • Karl Fischer (1918–1963), Austrian Trotskyist and resistance fighter
  • Otto Gerig (1885–1944), German trade unionist and politician (center)
  • Ottomar Geschke (1882–1957), member of the Communist Party of the Prussian Landtag and the Reichstag. Member of the Central Committee of the KPD. 1937–1940 prisoner in Buchenwald
  • Ernst Grube (1890–1945), KPD and member of the Reichstag. Antifascist and resistance fighter
  • Wilhelm Hammann (1897–1955), block elder in children's block 8, saved many Jewish children from the death march. Honorary title “ Righteous Among the Nations ”. Later district administrator of Groß-Gerau
  • Ernst Heilmann (1881–1940), SPD member of the Reichstag, chairman of the SPD parliamentary group until 1933
  • Werner Hilpert (1897–1957), later state chairman of the CDU Hessen
  • Paul-Émile Janson (1872–1944), Belgian liberal politician, former Prime Minister of his country
  • Léon Jouhaux (1879–1954), French social politician, trade unionist and 1951 Nobel Peace Prize laureate
  • Franz Käfer (1891–1962), KPÖ, 1945–1950 mayor of St. Pölten
  • Walter Krämer (1892–1941), from Siegen, member of the KPD in the Prussian state parliament, honorary title "Righteous Among the Nations"
  • Albert Kuntz (1896–1945), member of the Prussian state parliament
  • Franz Leitner (1918–2005), KPÖ politician, resistance fighter, block elder in children's block 8 (from October 1943), Styrian member of the state parliament and regional chairman of the KPÖ Styria, honorary title " Righteous Among the Nations "
  • Georges Mandel (1885–1944), French politician
  • Rolf Markert (1914–1995), KPD / SED member and major general in the MfS
  • Hans Merker (1904–1945), KPD member
  • Carlo Mierendorff (1897–1943), SPD politician, working with Wilhelm Leuschner
  • Theodor Neubauer (1890–1945), KPD MdR, resistance fighter
  • Marcel Paul (1900–1982), electrician, member of the PCF and resistance fighter. Together with Henri Manhes in the Buchenwald prisoner resistance. Later u. a. minister
  • Otto Probst (1911–1978), SPÖ politician
  • Paul Rassinier (1906–1967), French politician
  • Rudolf Renner (1894–1940), KPD member, member of the Saxon state parliament
  • Joseph Roth (1896–1945), central politician
  • Peter Schlack (1875–1957), central politician
  • Werner Scholem (1895–1940), former member of the Reichstag of the KPD, opponent of Stalin and co-founder of the Lenin League
  • Wilhelm Schumann (politician, 1896) (1896–1974), KPD politician
  • Otto Sepke (1910–1997), German communist and later SED functionary
  • Bruno Siegel (1890–1948), SPD / USPD / KPD, former member of the Saxon state parliament
  • Robert Siewert (1887–1973), KPD and KPO politician, Kapo of Building Command I. In this role, saved the lives of many. Later Minister of the Interior of Saxony-Anhalt.
  • Richard Steidle (1881–1940), Austrian member of the state parliament, federal councilor, home guard leader and security director of Tyrol
  • Walter Stoecker (1891–1939), SPD / USPD / KPD, chairman of the KPD parliamentary group.
  • Ernst Thälmann (1886–1944), chairman of the KPD, was not imprisoned in Buchenwald, but was shot there shortly after arrival.
  • Ernst Thape (1892–1985), SPD politician and editor. From 1939 in Buchenwald. 1944 member of the illegal Popular Front Committee. Later u. a. Minister for Public Education in Saxony-Anhalt
  • Gerhard Weck (1913–1974), SPD politician, liaison with Sopade , later Lord Mayor of Werdau and victim of Stalinism
  • Walter Wolf (politician) (1907–1977), first Thuringian Minister for Public Education after liberation from National Socialism

Trade unionists

  • Ludwig Becker (1892–1974), KPO member, IG Metall district manager
  • Willi Bleicher (1907–1981), KPO member, IG Metall district manager
  • Eugen Ochs (1905–1990), KPO member, trade unionist
  • Kurt Wabbel (1901–1944), union official and city councilor of the KPD in Halle / Saale
  • Fritz Dobisch (1890–1941), chairman of the General Union of Trade Unions (ADGB) Saar, later buried in Bous / Saar
  • Erich Schilling (1882–1962), union official

Military

  • Alexander von Falkenhausen (1878–1966), general, commander in Belgium
  • Ludwig Gehre (1895–1945), military, co-conspirator of July 20, 1944
  • Klaus Hornig (1907–1997), police officer, refused an order to shoot prisoners of war
  • Henri Manhès (called Frédéric) (1889–1959), Colonel, Resistance fighter, head of the French Brigade in Buchenwald, member of the International Camp Committee, Honorary President of the FIR
  • Othmar Wundsam (1922–2014), Wehrmacht soldier, Austrian resistance fighter ("favoring the enemy" of parachute agent Josef Zettler )

Writers and journalists

  • Jean Améry (1912–1978), Austrian writer of Jewish origin
  • Bruno Apitz (1900–1979), writer (novel: Naked among wolves )
  • Emil Carlebach (1914–2001), later editor of the Frankfurter Rundschau
  • Ernst Cramer (1913–2010), later a publicist and chairman of the board of the Axel Springer Foundation
  • Hasso Grabner (1911–1976), later a writer in the GDR
  • Bruno Heilig (1888–1968), journalist and translator
  • Heinrich Eduard Jacob (1889–1967), German writer of Jewish origin
  • Benedikt Kautsky (1894–1960), Austrian author and banker, editor, “Political Jew”; 1942–1945 in Auschwitz concentration camp
  • Anton Klotz, later editor-in-chief of the Tiroler Tageszeitung
  • Imre Kertész (1929–2016), Hungarian writer of Jewish origin, 2002 Nobel Prize for Literature
  • Eugen Kogon (1903–1987), later a Christian publicist and author of Der SS-Staat. The system of the German concentration camp
  • Jonas Kreppel (1874–1940), Austrian writer and political journalist of Jewish origin
  • Ferdinand Löwenberg (1924–2004), German journalist
  • Jacques Lusseyran (1924–1971), French resistance fighter, writer, autobiography in the first 21 years of his life: The rediscovered light
  • Ferdinand Peroutka (1895–1978), Czechoslovakian writer, play and novel Cloud and Waltz (1947/1976)
  • Jorge Semprún (1923–2011), writer, Peace Prize of the German book trade
  • Jura Soyfer (1912–1939), Austrian writer, playwright of Jewish origin
  • Ernst Spitz (1902–1940), Austrian playwright and journalist of Jewish origin
  • Fred Wander (1917-2006), Austrian writer
  • Ernst Wiechert (1887–1950), Christian writer, report Der Totenwald
  • Elie Wiesel (1928–2016), Romanian writer of Jewish origin, novel Die Nacht , 1986 Nobel Peace Prize

Actors and artists

Clergy

Jehovah's Witnesses

  • Leopold Engleitner (1905–2013), Austrian Jehovah's Witness and contemporary witness
  • Max Liebster (1915–2008), Jew and Jehovah's Witness, author
  • Johannes Steyer (1908–1998), Jehovah's Witness, created a watercolor cycle about Buchenwald after the liberation

Other prisoners

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Chronicle of the Buchenwald Concentration Camp ( Memento of the original from September 8, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Accessed April 7, 2008) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.buchenwald.de
  2. ↑ Peter Schulze : Berkowitz, (2) Horst Egon . In: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 52 f .; books.google.de
  3. ↑ Petra Schmidt, Victoria Breitenfeld: Victim and perpetrator in one person. Two biographical sketches . In: perpetrators and victims ; Dachauer Hefte 10 (1994)
  4. ↑ Carlos Widmann: Companion of Evil . In: Der Spiegel . No. 39 , 2001 ( online ).