Louis Antoine Debrauz de Saldapenna

Chevalier Louis Antoine Debrauz de Saldapenna (born June 2, 1811 in Trieste , Austrian Empire ; died January 18, 1871 in Paris ; actually Alois Anton Dobrauz (Slovenian: Dobravec) Ritter di Saldapenna ) was an Austrian secret diplomat , journalist , editor and owner of the Mémorial diplomatique, a leading statistician of his time and author of numerous books on political, legal and financial subjects.

Life

Origin and education: From Trieste to Paris (1811–1838)

Louise Antoine Debrauz de Saldapenna was born on June 2, 1811 under the name Alois Anton Dobrauz (Slovenian: Alojz Dobravec) as the son of the entrepreneur Luca Dobrauz and his wife Marie.

Alois Dobrauz first attended grammar school in Laibach and, after graduating from high school, the philosophical colleges in Milan . Then he started studying law , which took him to Graz , Vienna , Pavia and Paris . At the University of Pavia he was enrolled on November 18, 1833 in the third year of his studies under the name Luigi Dobrauz from Trieste.

After obtaining a doctorate, he entered civil service at the civil and criminal court in Milan , which he left again in 1837 after his wife Christine Ponthieure de Berlaere, whom he had married the year before, died in childbed when she gave birth to twins . His two sons Franz and Joseph Dobrauz were raised by their grandparents in Laibach while Alois traveled the Italian peninsula and lived for some time in Rome and Naples , and finally decided to embark on a career in journalism and be with a view to a possible diplomatic career To perfect French, for which he took up residence in Paris . On June 21, 1838, he married a second time in Paris, namely Denise Eugénie de Sigfeld, the daughter of a high Napoleonic officer and knight of the Legion of Honor.

At this time he also began to have his name pronounced in French. From Alois Anton was Louis Antoine and out Dobrauz was Debrauz .

Journalist and publicist in Paris. Part I (1838-1848)

Louis Debrauz now devoted himself entirely to writing and began working for a number of well-known, consistently conservative journals and newspapers. From 1838 he worked as a journalist and editor for the La Presse journal, founded by Émile de Girardin in 1836, but also wrote Wiener Lloyd and the London Morning Post for the Augsburger Allgemeine Zeitung , as their Paris correspondent .

In 1842 he published the book “La Question de la régence, exposée d'après les principes du droit et les.” In 1842, in response to the much discussed question of reign in the wake of the unexpected death of the heir to the throne Ferdinand Philippe d'Orléans, duc de Chartres usages des États constitutionnels de l'Europe ” and entered the same year in his book “ Guizot et Lamartine ” for the cause of his friend Alphonse de Lamartine . In 1845 he published the book "L'Enseignement supérieur en harmonie avec les besoins de l'État" and was honored as a Knight of the Legion of Honor for his services to the reorganization of the French law faculties. In 1849, Prince Felix zu Schwarzenberg encouraged him to publish a collection of the articles he had written in 1848 about the armed conflict between Austria and Italy under the title “La Question Italianne” .

State service and secret diplomacy on the question of the Danube Principalities (1849-1853)

On March 7, 1849 Alois Debrauz was appointed imperial council with the assignment at the Ministry of Commerce and use in Paris. On January 3, 1850, he was promoted to section councilor and office director of the Austrian Consulate General in Paris, which he headed from then on for his good friend Baron James de Rothschild , the then Austrian Consul General in Paris. In this role, he initially reorganized the Austrian consular system in France and on the Spanish coast. In the summer of 1853, Dr. Debrauz on board the French steam frigate Newton Spain , Portugal and Morocco made available to him . He published the knowledge gained on this trip in 1854 in the Mitheilungen in the field of statistics . On the occasion of the accession to the throne of the French Emperor Napoleon III. Debrauz published his biography in 1853 under the title "Napoléon III, empereur des français: esquisse biographique" , whereby he received the necessary information from him personally. Beginning in the fall of 1852, Debrauz sent secret reports from Paris to the President of the Reichsrat, Baron Karl Friedrich von Kübeck , who submitted them directly to Emperor Franz Joseph I. By order of November 13, 1853, the Austrian Emperor approved this unofficial reporting. In this way, Debrauz developed in February 1854 on behalf of Emperor Napoleon III. secretly to the Austrian emperor the idea of ​​the so-called exchange plan, which provided that Austria should receive the Danube principalities in return for giving up part of her Italian possessions. After the intervention of Count Alexander Huebner , the Austrian envoy in Paris, who saw Debrauz as a dangerous rival, he was qualified as a double agent and dismissed from the Austrian civil service in 1855.

Journalist and publicist in Paris. Part II (1855–1871)

Debrauz continued to work as a journalist during his employment at the Austrian Consulate General . From 1855 he intensified his related activities again.

In addition, he published a number of very successful books. In 1856, for example, “Le Traité de Paris du 30 mars, étudié dans ces causes et dans ces effetes” was published , which made a number of diplomatic secrets public, so that the book was extremely popular when it was published. The next book from Louis Debrauz followed in 1859 with “La paix de Villafranca et les conférences de Zurich” , in 1861 “Le rachat de la Vénétie est-il une solution?” And in 1862 “Solution de la crise hongroise” and “La Situation financière de l'Autriche et le plan financier de M. de Plener. ”In 1863 Debrauz finally published “ Organization administrative des États de l'Église. Mémoire du gouvernement pontifical communiqué par le nonce du Saint-Siège au Cabinet français le 12 janvier 1863 ” .

His journalistic activities culminated in 1859 with the founding of the Paris Mémorial diplomatique , a weekly magazine for questions of international politics, whose fortunes he directed until his death and for which he wrote hundreds of articles over the years.

Secretary of the International Statistical Congresses

In 1853, 1855, 1857 and 1860 Debrauz took part in the International Statistical Congresses in Brussels , Paris, Vienna and London , where he was secretary of the congress.

Elevation to the nobility (1858)

On February 17, 1858, Dr. Alois Debrauz from Emperor Franz Joseph I. the Order of the Iron Crown III. Class awarded, whereupon he was raised to the hereditary Austrian knighthood with the addition of the predicate di Saldapenna . Alois Debrauz Ritter di Saldapenna called itself but throughout his life he in Paris , spent in French spelling Chevalier Louis Antoine Debrauz de Saldapenna his in Austria on the other hand used the remaining descendants still mainly the German spelling Dobrauz , after 1867 regularly without the predicate di Saldapenna .

Debrauz and the expedition of Counts Castellani and Freschi (1859)

In 1859, Louis Antoine Debrauz de Saldapenna in Paris, as the personal representative of Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian of Austria, coordinated the actions of the Lombard-Venetian Count Castellani against the Egyptian state, which was also supported by the then French Foreign Minister Édouard Drouyn de Lhuys . As a result, the unbelievable amount of compensation of 700,000 francs for silkworm dolls from China that was damaged on the transport from Suez to Cairo was actually obtained.

Secret diplomat for the mediation of the Mexican crown (1863)

The French Emperor Napoleon III. wanted to establish an empire linked to France in Mexico and intended to install a descendant of a leading European ruling house on the Mexican throne . His choice fell on Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian of Austria . To communicate this and to get the Archduke to accept it, Napoleon III sent. In 1863 Debrauz de Saldapenna, who comes from Trieste and is well known with Maximilian, on a secret mission to his Miramare Castle .

Miramare Castle

When the Mexican delegation officially offered the Mexican crown to Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian of Austria at Miramare Castle in October 1863, Debrauz de Saldapenna accompanied this group again and reported exclusively in the Mémorial diplomatique.

After Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian of Austria was proclaimed Emperor of Mexico on April 10, 1864 , the Mémorial diplomatique acted as its unofficial mouthpiece in Europe. Even after Maximilian's case was long lost and after he was shot on June 19, 1867 at “Tres Campanas” in Querétaro, Debrauz de Saldapenna defended him with all means. In Austria, however, he was given complicity in the death of the emperor and declared persona non grata .

The trial of the King of Prussia against the Mémorial diplomatique (1866–1867)

During the war between Prussia and Austria of 1866, Debrauz de Saldapenna published a series of critical articles directed against Prussia in close collaboration with the then Austrian ambassador in Paris , Prince Richard Klemens von Metternich . When one of them claimed that the King of Prussia had personally enriched himself during the war in Bohemia on the estates of Count Mensdorff-Pouilly and Prince Lobkowitz, the latter brought a lawsuit through Ambassador Count Robert von der Goltz for insulting a foreign majesty through the Press a. In the much-noticed process, the interests of the Mémorial diplomatique were represented by the future French Prime Minister Jules Dufaure .

The Mémorial diplomatique and the Lettres espagnoles (1867)

In 1867, Louis Antoine Debrauz de Saldapenna caused a sensation in Paris when, in secret collaboration with Juan de Grimaldi and Ramón María Narváez , the Duke of Valencia , he published a series of articles in the Mémorial diplomatique under the title Lettres espagnoles , which included those of the well-known Historian and former French Foreign Minister François Guizot fundamentally refuted a published account of Spain and in particular the background to the marriage of Queen Isabella II .

In 1864, Louis Antoine Debrauz de Saldapenna was honored for his services as Officier de l'Ordre de la Légion d'Honneur, and as Commander of the Mexican Order of Guadalupe. He died on January 18, 1871 during the siege of Paris and was buried at the Cimetière de Montmartre .

family

Among the descendants of Louis Antoine Debrauz de Saldapennas are Johann von Dobrauz, who received the highest commendation as an officer in 1878 , the Austrian administrative law expert Dr. Karl Dobrauz and the composer and arranger Prof. Carl Dobrauz.

On the occasion of the 200th birthday of Louis Antoine Debrauz de Saldapenna, Guenther Dobrauz - a direct descendant - published a comprehensive biography under the title agent obscur .

Works

• La Question de la Régence, exposée d'après les principes du droit et les usages des États constitutionnels de l'Europe. B. Dussillion et compagnie, Paris 1842.
• Guizot et Lamartine, ou la politique du cabinet du 29 October, jugée par un observateur impartial. B. Dussillion, Paris 1842.
• L'Enseignement supérieur en harmonie avec les besoins de l'État, projet de reorganization des Facultés de droit en France, précédé d'une Lettre approbative de M. le ministre de l'instruction publique. B. Dussillion, Paris 1845.
• La Question Italianne. Examinée sous le point de vue des intérêts de l'Europe en général, et de la France en particulier; par un observateur impartial. Plon Frères, Paris 1849. Google book
• Napoléon III, empereur des français: esquisse biographique. Plon frères, Paris 1853.
• Representation of the industrial and commercial conditions of Spain with special consideration for the traffic of this country with Austria. In: Direction of administrative statistics in the Imperial and Royal Trade Ministry (ed.) Communications from the field of statistics. III. Year, 3rd issue, kk Hof u. State printing office, Vienna 1854.
• Presentation of the economic situation in Portugal with special regard to d. Traffic with Austria. In: Direction of administrative statistics in the Imperial and Royal Trade Ministry (ed.) Communications from the field of statistics. III. Year, 5th issue, kk Hof u. Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1854. Google book
• Presentation of the economic situation in Morocco with special consideration for d. Traffic with Austria. In: Direction of administrative statistics in the Imperial and Royal Ministry of Commerce (Ed.) Communications from the field of statistics , III. Year, 6th issue; kk Hof u. Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1854. Google book
• Le Traité de Paris du 30 mars, étudié dans ces causes et dans ces effetes. Amyont, Paris 1856.
• La paix de Villafranca et les conférences de Zurich. Amyont, Paris 1859. Google book
• Le rachat de la Venétie est-il une solution? Amyot, Paris 1861. Google book
• The situation financière de l'Autriche et le plan financier de M. de Plener. Amyot, Paris 1862.
• Solution de la crise Hongroise. Amyot, Paris 1862. Google book
• Organization of administrative des états de l'église. Amyot, Paris 1863. Google book

literature

• Egon Caesar Conte Corti: Maximilian and Charlotte of Mexico. 2 volumes, Amaltheaverlag, Vienna 1924.
• Friedrich Engel-Jánosi: The Baron von Hübner, 1811-1892: A figure from the Austria of Emperor Franz Joseph. University publishing house Wagner, Innsbruck 1933.
• Karl Friedrich Frank-Döfering: Nobility Lexicon of the Austrian Empire 1804-1918. Vol. 2 (1823–1918), Vienna 1928.
• David Thatcher Gies: Theater and Politics in Nineteenth-Century Spain: Juan de Grimaldi as Impresario and Government Agent. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1988, ISBN 0-521-34293-7 .
• David S. Landes: Bankers and Pashas: International Finance and Economic Imperialism in Egypt. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (MA) 1958, ISBN 0-674-06165-9 .
• Paul Müller: Field Marshal Prince Windischgrätz. Revolution and counter-revolution in Austria. Wilhelm Braumüller University Publishing House, Vienna 1934.
• Martin Senner: The Danube Principalities as an exchange object for the Austrian possessions in Italy (1853-1866). F. Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaden 1988, ISBN 3-515-04906-1 .
• Constantin von Wurzbach : Debrauz, Alois . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 3rd part. Typogr.-literar.-artist publishing house. Establishment (L. C. Zamarski, C. Dittmarsch & Comp.), Vienna 1858, pp. 188–190 ( digitized version ).
• Claudio Zanier: Alla ricerca del seme perduto: sulla via della seta tra scienza e speculazione (1858-1862). FrancoAngeli, Milano 1993, ISBN 88-204-7864-1 .

Web links

• Debrauz Alois, Knight of Saldapenna , bearer of the Order of the Iron Crown III. Class, in: Court and State Handbook of the Austrian Empire. Manz, Vienna 1868, p. 66.
• Debrauz de Saldapenna , Officier de l'Ordre de la Légion-d'Honneur, in Almanach impérial pour 1867. 169th year, Veuve Berger-Levrault et fils, Paris 1867, p. 367.
• Debrauz von Saldapenna, Ritter , entry in: Ernst Heinrich Kneschke: New general German nobility lexicon. 2nd volume, Leipzig 1860, p. 430.
• Johann von Dobrauz , entry in F. Kemenovic v. Belofar and KF Kurz: History of the Pioneer Cadets and their Schools 1811-1911. Vienna 1912, p. 317.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Rudolf and Vladimir Cujes Mauko (ed.): This is Slovenia: A Glance at the Country and Its People. Slovenian National Federation of Canada, Toronto 1958, p. 142.
2. ^ Constant von Wurzbach: Biographical Lexicon of the Kaiserthums Oesterreich. 3rd volume (Coremans - Eger). Typographic-literary-artist. Institution (LC Zamarski, C. Dittmarsch & Comp.), Vienna 1858, p. 188.
3. ↑ Anna Andreoni and Paola Demuru (eds.): La Facoltà politico legale dell 'Università di Pavia nella Restaurazione (1815-1848). Docenti e studenti. Fonti e studi per la storia dell 'Università di Pavia. Cisalpino, Bologna 1999, p. 286.
4. ^ Karl Glossy (Ed.): Literary secret reports from the Vormärz. With introduction and comments. Separate volume from the yearbook of the Grillparzer Society, year XXI-XXIII, Karl Konegen, Vienna 1912, p. 76 (notes).
5. ^ Karl Blind: An English government and the Mexican Republic. In: Westminster Review, 162nd, London 1904, p. 362.
6. ↑ Rutger Booß : Views of the Revolution. Paris reports by German writers after the July Revolution of 1830: Heine, Börne et al. Pahl-Rugenstein Verlag, Cologne 1977, p. 73.
7. ^ General address book for civil servants in the imperial and royal capital and residence of Vienna. Systematic compilation of all kk court and state offices, the city authorities, public institutions, associations etc etc and the officials, officials and servants employed by them, with details of the name, the service status and the apartment along with an alphabetical register. 1st year 1853/54, Verlag Friedrich Manz, Vienna 1854, p. 144 [1]
8. ^ Constant von Wurzbach: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich , 3rd volume, Vienna 1858, p. 190.
9. ^ Eduard Heller: Prince Felix zu Schwarzenberg: Central European champions. Military Science Verlag, Vienna 1933, p. 235.
10. ^ Paul Müller: Field Marshal Prince Windischgrätz. Revolution and counter-revolution in Austria. Wilhelm Braumüller University Publishing House, Vienna 1934, p. 237.
11. ^ Martin Senner: The Danube Principalities as an exchange object for the Austrian possessions in Italy (1853-1866). F. Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaden 1988, p. 65.
12. ↑ Friedrich Engel-Jánosi: Der Freiherr von Hübner, 1811-1892: A figure from the Austria of Emperor Franz Joseph. Universitäts-Verlag Wagner, Innsbruck 1933, p. 77.
13. ^ Adolf Ficker: The third meeting of the International Congress for Statistics in Vienna in September 1857. W. Braumüller, Vienna 1857, p. 43. [2]
14. ^ (Royal) Statistical Society of London (ed.): Journal of the Statistical Society of London (founded 1834). Vol. XXIII, Year 1860, John William Parker and son London 1860, p. 385. [3]
15. ↑ Commision centrale de statistique: Compte rendu des travaux de congrès général de statistique, réuni à Bruxelles les 19, 20, 21 and 22 September 1853. M. Hayes, Bruxelles 1853, p. 379. [4]
16. ↑ online at books.google.com
17. ^ Claudio Zanier: Alla ricerca del seme perduto: sulla via della seta tra scienza e speculazione (1858-1862). FrancoAngeli, Milano 1993, p. 54.
18. ^ David S. Landes: Bankers and Pashas: International Finance and Economic Imperialism in Egypt. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (MA) 1958, p. 92.
19. ^ Egon Caesar Conte Corti: Maximilian and Charlotte of Mexico. 1st vol., Amaltheaverlag, Vienna 1924, p. 272.
20. ^ New York Times, October 27, 1863: Continental affairs. Maximilian and the mexican deputation. New York 1863. [5]
21. ^ Claudio Zanier: Alla ricerca del seme perduto: sulla via della seta tra scienza e speculazione (1858-1862). FrancoAngeli, Milano 1993, p. 54.
22. ^ Constant von Wurzbach , Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich , Volume 24, Vienna 1872, p. 386. [6]
23. ↑ Die Presse (December 2, 1866): November 30. The trial of the King of Prussia against the Mémorial Diplomatique. Vienna 1866, p. 4th page no longer available , search in web archives:
24. ↑ David Thatcher Gies: Theater and Politics in Nineteenth-Century Spain: Juan de Grimaldi as Impresario and Government Agent. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1988, pp. 170f.
25. ↑ Almanach impérial pour 1867. 169th vol., Veuve Berger-Levrault et fils, Paris 1867, p. 367. Debrauz de Saldapenna
26. ^ Laibacher Zeitung (from May 21, 1864): non-official part. Foreign countries. Paris, May 5th. Laibach 1864, p. 2. ( URN: NBN: SI: DOC-K5RPY1KB )
27. ↑ Almanaque imperial para el año de 1866. , Impr. De JM Lara, Mexico 1866, p. 252. ( PDF )
28. ↑ La Presse (January 21, 1871): Nouvelles du jour. Paris 1871, p. 1. [7]
29. ↑ Georges d'Heylli: journals du siège de Paris. Décrets, proclamations, circulaires, rapports, notes, renseignements, documents divers officiels et autres. Tome troisième (Du Ier décembre 1870 to Ier février1871). Librairie générale, Paris 1874, p. 556.
30. ↑ F. Kemenovic v. Belofar and KF Kurz: History of the Pioneer Cadets and their Schools 1811-1911 , Vienna 1912, p. 317 Archived copy ( Memento of the original from July 7, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
31. ↑ Mack, Iris: Rothschild Puppet Master: Used Statistics and Technology to Influence Media and Markets , Wilmott, May 13, 2011  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )
32. Jump up ↑ Mack, Iris: A Rothschild Puppet Master: Exploited Statistics, Technology and Elite Connections to Influence the Media and Markets in the 19th Century , The Huffington Post, May 13, 2011 [8]