Ludwig Guttmann

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Ludwig Guttmann
Ludwig Guttmann

Sir Ludwig Guttmann , CBE (born July 3, 1899 in Tost in Upper Silesia , † March 18, 1980 in Aylesbury , Buckinghamshire , United Kingdom ) was a neurologist and neurosurgeon who emigrated to England during the Nazi era , where he laid the foundations for created the treatment of paraplegics . He was a sponsor of disabled sports and the founder of the Paralympic Games .

Life

When Ludwig Guttmann was three years old, his family moved to Königshütte , where he graduated from high school in 1917 before he was called up for military service. From 1918 he studied medicine in Breslau and Halle (Saale) and was approved in 1924. He then worked in the Neurological Clinic in Breslau, where he completed his habilitation in neurology in 1930 . In 1933 he was dismissed as a specialist in neurology and in the same year from his post as chief physician at the Wenzel Hancke Hospital in Breslau due to the National Socialist professional ban on Jews.

He then worked as a senior physician in the Department of Neurology at the Jewish Hospital in Breslau, and in 1937 he also became director of the hospital. On November 8, 1938, during the persecution of the Jews on Reichskristallnacht , he granted refuge to 64 Jews there. Guttmann learned from the pioneer of neurosurgery Otfried Foerster at his research institute in Breslau, who made him his first assistant in 1939.

In the same year 1939 he was able to flee to Great Britain . Between 1939 and 1943 he worked in the neurosurgery department in Nuffield. In 1943 he was commissioned by the British government to set up the National Spinal Injuries Center as the first specialist clinic for spinal injuries at Stoke Mandeville Hospital in Aylesbury . The initiative came from the Royal Air Force in order to ensure the treatment and rehabilitation of the pilots injured in the spine, "who frequently crashed on approach with their bombers damaged by shelling". Until 1967 he was the director of the clinic. Guttmann developed methods for the treatment of paraplegics that are still valid today. At the same time, he promoted the sporting activities of the disabled in this center.

For the first time in 1948 he ran the Stoke Mandeville Games for the disabled. In the founding year of the Games, 16 war-disabled men and women with spinal cord injuries took part. The participants competed in archery. In 1952, 130 athletes from different countries took part in the competitions. In 1956 Ludwig Guttmann received the Fearnley Cup in recognition of his contribution to the promotion of the Olympic idea.

In 1960 Guttmann was there, and the Paralympic Games were held in Rome for the first time . Since then, these have mostly taken place in the same city after the Olympic Games .

On February 15, 1961, Guttmann founded the British Sports Association for the Disabled (British Disabled Sports Association ).

Guttmann received high British and international awards, he was raised to the nobility as a Knight Bachelor in Great Britain in 1966 and received the Great Cross of Merit with a Star in Germany . The Ludwig-Guttmann-Haus of the Orthopedic University Clinic Heidelberg is named after him.

From the mid-1960s he was active again in Germany, initially as an advisor to the Federal Ministry of Labor and for the main association of trade associations . In particular, he was involved in the establishment of the first center for spinal cord injuries in Germany and was instrumental in establishing the department for spinal cord injuries at the professional association accident clinic in Murnau , at the inauguration of which he also gave a guest lecture in 1969.

Ludwig Guttmann Prize

The Ludwig Guttmann Prize of the German-speaking Medical Society for Paraplegia eV "is awarded for excellent scientific work in the field of comprehensive rehabilitation of paraplegics and the associated research". (Website of the DMGP)

Honors

Memorial plaque for Ludwig Guttmann on the wall of the hospital in Königshütte, where Guttmann worked as a nurse

Fonts (selection)

  • The human sweat secretion in its relationship to the nervous system. In: Journal for the whole of neurology and psychiatry . Vol. 135 (December 1931), pp. 1-48, doi: 10.1007 / BF02864049
  • Motor and vegetative border zone reflexes in lesions of peripheral and central sections of the nervous system. In: Journal for the whole of neurology and psychiatry. Vol. 147 (December 1933), SS 291-307, doi: 10.1007 / BF02870448 .
  • Otfried Foerster , Ludwig Guttmann: Cerebral Complications in Thrombangiitis Obliterans In: Archive for Psychiatry and Nervous Diseases . Vol. 100 (1933), pp. 506-511, doi: 10.1007 / BF01814753 .
  • The Place of Our Spinal Paraplegic Fellow-Man in Society: A Survey on 2000 Patients (= Dame Georgina Buller Memorial Lecture. 1959).
  • Franz Karl Kessel, Ludwig Guttmann, Georg Maurer : Injuries to the spine and spinal cord. Injuries to the peripheral nerves. (= Neuro-Traumatology including the border areas, Volume 2). Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich 1971, ISBN 3-541-01341-9 .
  • Spinal Cord Injuries: Comprehensive Management and Research . Blackwell, Oxford 1973, ISBN 0-632-09680-2 .
  • Sport and Recreation for the Mentally and Physically Handicapped. In: The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health . 93: 208-221 (1973).
  • Textbook of Sport for the Disabled . HM + M, Aylesbury 1976, ISBN 0-85602-055-9 .
    • Translation: Sports for the physically challenged . Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich 1979, ISBN 3-541-08911-3 .

literature

  • Daniel Dubinski, Hartmut Collmann : Sir Ludwig Guttmann (1899–1980). In: Ulrike Eisenberg, Hartmut Collmann, Daniel Dubinski: betrayed - expelled - forgotten. The work and fate of German brain surgeons persecuted after 1933. Hentrich & Hentrich, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-95565-142-8 , pp. 252–287.
  • Erdmann Kreusch, Karl-Ludwig Lemberg, Volkmann: The Institute for Spinal Cord Injuries in Stoke-Mandeville . In: Federal Ministry of Labor (ed.): Rehabilitation in England (= work and health. New series, issue 62). Thieme, Stuttgart 1957, p. 149 f.
  • Susan Goodman: Spirit of Stoke Mandeville: The Story of Sir Ludwig Guttmann . Collins, London 1986, ISBN 0-00-217341-7 .
  • Joan Scruton: Stoke Mandeville: Road to the Paralympics . Peterhouse, Brill 1998, ISBN 0-946312-10-9 .
  • Joseph Walk (ed.): Short biographies on the history of the Jews 1918–1945. Edited by the Leo Baeck Institute, Jerusalem. Saur, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-598-10477-4 .
  • John F. Oppenheimer (Red.) And a .: Lexicon of Judaism. 2nd Edition. Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag, Gütersloh u. a. 1971, ISBN 3-570-05964-2 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.paralympic.org/TheIPC/HWA/HistoryoftheMovement
  2. ↑ Cherill Hicks: Paralympics founder Sir Ludwig Guttmann's legacy celebrated in BBC drama. The Paralympic Games were the creation of one remarkable man, whose story is told in a forthcoming BBC drama. In: The Telegraph online. August 3, 2012, accessed November 30, 2013.
  3. ^ JR Silver: History of the treatment of spinal injuries. In: Postgraduate medical journal. Volume 81, Number 952, February 2005, pp. 108-114, ISSN  0032-5473 . doi : 10.1136 / pgmj.2004.019992 , PMID 15701743 , PMC 1743190 (free full text).
  4. ↑ a b Jürgen Probst: Commemoration of the Jewish members of the German Society for Trauma , Insurance and Supply Medicine, Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery Mitteilungen und Nachrichten, October 2013, pp. 606–613.
  5. ↑ The Beginnings of the Paralympics
  6. ↑ http://www.paralympic.org/paralympic-games/rome-1960
  7. ^ Nigel Thomas Nigel, Andrew Smith: Disability Sport: Policy and Society: An Introduction . Routledge 2009; Page 27; Retrieved August 23, 2009
  8. ^ Ludwig Guttmann Prize of the DMGP , accessed on April 3, 2011.
  9. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from June 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.guttmann.com
  10. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from June 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.guttmann.com
  11. ↑ London Gazette . No. 43904, HMSO, London, February 18, 1966, p. 1891 ( PDF , accessed August 23, 2012, English).
  12. ↑ Cherill Hicks: Paralympics founder Sir Ludwig Guttmann's legacy celebrated in BBC drama. The Paralympic Games were the creation of one remarkable man, whose story is told in a forthcoming BBC drama. in The Telegraph, Online August 3, 2012
  13. ^ Maria Teresa Lo Bianco: Lo sport agonistico per disabili . in CNOS Sport - Salesiani per lo Sport; Retrieved on August 23, 2012 ( Memento of the original from June 10, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.salesianiperlosport.org
  14. ↑ http://www.ludwig-guttmann-schule.de/main/hi-impressum/impressum/index.html
personal data
SURNAME Guttmann, Ludwig
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German neurosurgeon and promoter of disabled sports
DATE OF BIRTH July 3, 1899
PLACE OF BIRTH Tost , Upper Silesia
DATE OF DEATH March 18, 1980
Place of death Aylesbury , Buckinghamshire , United Kingdom