Marburg town hall

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Marburg town hall
Town hall Marburg 2016.jpg
Data
place Marburg
builder Klaus von Wetzlar, Hans from Lich u. a.
Architectural style Late Gothic
Construction year 1512-1527
Coordinates 50 ° 48 '31 "  N , 8 ° 46' 14.8"  E Coordinates: 50 ° 48 '31 "  N , 8 ° 46' 14.8"  E

The Marburg town hall was built between 1512 and 1527 and is the seat of the magistrate of the city of Marburg in Hesse . The historical building stands on the market square in the upper town of Marburg.

history

prehistory

From 1222 the Marienkirche was the seat of the Marburg City Council and can therefore be considered the oldest known town hall in Marburg. From 1335 the council chamber was housed on the upper floor of the Kerner , which was built by the Teutonic Order . The building consisted of two upper floors and one lower floor. Before the council chamber moved in, an ossuary was housed in the cellar. The council chamber required a lot of extensive construction work. The chapel , which was previously set up on the upper floor, had to be moved to the basement.

Kerner before 1900

In 1456 the town hall moved again after a fire. The use of the Kerner was no longer possible and the repair work lasted until 1525. From 1458 the town hall was housed in the former city school. For this purpose, the previously unused upper floor was completely expanded. The classrooms and the apartments of the teachers and rectors were still on the lower floors. For the renovation, the city took out a loan from Johann Quinkus in the amount of 300 guilders, which was only paid back in 1464. Originally, the councils were only supposed to meet temporarily in the city school. Before the destroyed Kerner building was restored, the city had its own town hall built on Marburg's market square.

Construction of the town hall on the market

Location steeply above the Lahn,
from the south (Hirsefeldsteg)

The indication of the year of construction of the new town hall building is not uniform in the literature. 1512–1527 and 1511–1526 are mentioned. The first date is mentioned more often and occurs mainly in more recent literature. After the planning of the town hall construction began in 1510, the building contract was signed on October 21, 1510 between the city of Marburg and the foreman Klaus von Wetzlar , who was to lead the construction work. In addition to the city builders, another four town hall builders were won. There was also a supervisor from the city council who was re-elected every two years. The construction was mainly financed by money loans. Several houses on the market square were demolished to make room for construction. The construction consists mainly of sandstone .

The shell was built between 1512 and 1516. The master builder and stonemason Klaus von Wetzlar appears in the city's building documents as "Klaus from Lich" and "Nikolaus von Wetzlar". Such name changes were common, as masters (primarily master craftsmen) often named themselves after the place of their last major activity. Klaus von Wetzlar was the builder of the Marburg town hall until 1512, when Hans from Lich took over this task from 1513, who was probably his son. Both of them received 1/2 gulden per day as wages for their work as builders. The usual wages of the other workers were between 20 and 45 guilders for half a year.

It was not until 1524 that construction work on the interior began under Hans from Lich. The facade was also completed in the same year. While the front was painted white and the corner stones were painted black, the other three sides only had a simple plaster of lime. The portal of the stair tower was colored and decorated with gold and silver. Due to disagreements in the city council and financial problems, construction was interrupted in 1515 and from 1518 to 1522.

Saint Elisabeth at the Marburg town hall

Overall, an unusually large number of workers were involved in the construction during the Middle Ages. In the 1512/13 construction season, for example, 31 stonemasons were employed at the same time. The following overview shows the number of worker groups involved in the respective period.

job 1511/12 1512/13 1513/14 1516/17 1523/24 1525/26
Stonemason 24 31 3 3 10 8th
Carpenters 6th 4th 4th 9 5 1
Stone deck / / / 5 2 3
Carpenter / / / / 4th 2
Weissbinder / / / / 4th /
Henchman 25th 19th 12 3 22nd 10

After negotiations with the various guilds immediately after the start of construction, sales rooms (so-called Scharne or Schirne ) were set up in the basement and ground floor of the town hall . The construction was completed in 1526/27.

Further construction work

After the official completion of the town hall, there were many changes and repairs to the building. In 1528 a clock was installed on the town hall tower for the first time. A year later, the town hall was linked with other houses on the market square. In 1532 the bells of the parish church and the Marburg castle were hung in the town hall. The bell founder Johann Kortrock from Homberg / Efze delivered another clock bell in the same year. From 1541, the attic was expanded to mainly store malt there. In 1542 the council chamber got an iron stove. Between 1544 and 1550, the artist Georg Thomas from Basel painted numerous pictures for the wall design of the town hall. He was also responsible for painting the walls. In 1566 Melchior Atzel set the hands and digits of the town hall clock in gold. Various repairs to the chimney, doors and windows were necessary in the 1570s. The kitchen and the hall on the second floor were renovated and the large hall was newly furnished. The ground floor was henceforth a dance floor for fencing lessons. In 1581 Eberhard Baldewein added the Renaissance tower with the clock gable. The rooster flapping its wings every hour stands on the tower, today's landmark of the Marburg town hall. The reason for the subsequent construction was the previously criticized simplicity of the building. The last change noted on the Marburg town hall in the 16th century was the donation of a sundial for the outer wall by Landgrave Ludwig III. in 1591.

Town hall clock of the Marburg town hall

Work on the Marburg town hall continued in the 17th century. In 1638 Johann Schöneck renovated the town hall's coat of arms. In 1648 there were many minor repairs, since 1646–1648 the imperial army was housed in Marburg. When in 1650 two weights of the clock fell and punched two holes in the ceiling of the great hall, it had to be renovated. In 1663 the town hall tower was expanded. In the second half of the 1680s, the Hauptwache rooms and the meat and bread stalls had to be renovated. The ovens were also serviced. In addition, the dance floor on the ground floor was renewed three times during the 17th century.

Main entrance - Marburg town hall

In 1702 the so-called "Citizen's Bell and Big Clock" was ceremoniously hung. The clockwork had to be improved the following year and in 1715 the clock received new hands and a new dial. In 1707 numerous paintings in the town hall were renovated. In 1726 the great hall was renovated and a year later the entire outer wall was repainted. The reason was the 200th anniversary of the Philipps University of Marburg . Various stalls were renovated in the 1730s. In 1779/80 the city guard moved into the town hall in order to be able to better observe the market operations. In 1781 the Marburg town hall received a new coat of paint on the outside walls. Towards the middle of the century, there was also a major dispute between the various operators about a better and larger sales booth.

Side entrance - Marburg town hall

In the 19th century there were major changes in the Marburg town hall. The city school was also rebuilt in 1824, which made all traces of the former town hall disappear. A year later, the university guard moved into the building, which is why the licensing office had to be relocated. Repairs were carried out in the great hall in 1827. The floor was badly damaged and the ceiling leaky. From 1838 the savings bank moved into the second floor of the town hall, which in 1849 also received its own chimney. In 1844 the building received a lightning rod for the first time . In 1868 the cock, trumpet, hourglass and moon change on the town hall clock were repaired. Ten years later the left corner tower had to be renewed and in 1887 the combing was moved to the first and second floors.

In the first half of the 19th century, the leases of the stalls changed steadily between private individuals, authorities and the city. In 1845 the city was condemned to make free rooms in the town hall available for use by third parties.

In the early 20th century, Marburg saw a great wave of construction work throughout the city. The old should make way for the new. The “Markt 10” building was also to be demolished in 1919. Now the city acquired it before for an extension of the town hall after it on 11 November 1918 in the wake of the November Revolution had been briefly occupied by a workers' and soldiers and equipped with red flags. Until the demolition due to the risk of collapse in 1954, the “Markt 10” building was where the employment office was located as part of the adjacent town hall. There was also a lot of construction work on the town hall itself, but mainly on the houses in the immediate vicinity. In particular, the accessibility of the upper town by car was important to the town planners. Previously you could only drive from Reit- and Wettergasse to the market square, now the path should be made passable through Barfüßerstraße. Marburg was largely spared from the First and Second World War, and so one prepared for a large number of new citizens who, for example , fled from the bombed Kassel .

Today the Marburg town hall is no longer just the seat of the city administration, which has almost 1000 employees. It is open daily and can be visited as part of the public tours of the old town from April to October. The old sales halls in the basement and ground floor no longer exist.

architecture

Exterior architecture

Astronomical clock with a golden globe (day side) at noon, gockel on the gable and dormer windows

The town hall is on the south side of the market with the front side facing north. The stone building is three stories high. The architecture of the town hall is to be assigned to the late Gothic . The hexagonal stair tower in the middle of the town hall front is striking. The tower has its own entrance, above which a relief of St. Elisabeth of Thuringia by Ludwig Juppe is attached. Above this tower is the lavishly decorated roof gable with the town hall clock, which was subsequently built in 1581/1582. There is a copper rooster above the town hall clock, which moves its wings up and down every hour. The trumpeter to the left of the clock also blows the hour. The scales of the Justizia below and the hourglass of death to the right of the clock are also moved by a train connected to the clockwork. The top floor is covered with slate and, thanks to its steep angle, can be used as a warehouse.

Interior design

In the Middle Ages, the actual council chamber was on the first floor. There were sales halls in the basement and ground floor, but they no longer exist today. The second floor was used as a hall for festivities. The floors are made of stone, only the council chamber had a wooden floor and the ballroom a sandstone floor. At the end of the 16th century, a heyday of handicrafts, several ornately designed doors were installed inside the town hall. Numerous works of art have also found their place in the town hall over the years. In the course of time, the function of the different rooms changed frequently. Only the ballroom on the top floor was always used as such.

swell

literature

  • Elmar Brohl: Urban development under the building officer Dr. Ing.Adolf Bernt 1954 - 1966 . In: Hafeneger, Benno u. Wolfram Schäfer (Ed.): Marburg in the post-war years (3). Developments in politics, culture and architecture . Marburg 2006. pp. 389-466. ISBN 3-923820-83-6
  • Erhart Dettmering u. Rudolf Grenz (Ed.): Marburg History. Review of the city's history in individual contributions . Marburg 1980. ISBN 3-9800490-0-0
  • Dieter Großmann: Building and Art History of the City of Marburg. An overview . In: Dettmering, Erhart u. Rudolf Grenz (Ed.): Marburg History. Review of the city's history in individual contributions . Marburg 1980. pp. 775-880. ISBN 3-9800490-0-0
  • Benno Hafeneger u. Wolfram Schäfer (Ed.): Marburg in the post-war years (3). Developments in politics, culture and architecture . Marburg 2006. ISBN 3-923820-83-6
  • Alois Holtmeyer: Hessian town halls. Their preservation and distortion with 80 plates and 44 text images . Marburg 1912. no ISBN
  • Ulrich Klein: Marburg writings on building research (2). On the history of the Marburg town hall . Marburg 1984. pp. 69-73. ISBN 3-923820-07-0
  • Ulrich Klein: The Marburg Market in the Early Modern Era (1511 - 1648) . In: Altwasser, Elmar (ed.): The Marburg market: 800 years of history above and below the pavement. Festschrift for the completion and redesign of the Marburg market square . Marburg 1997. pp. 71-79. ISBN 3-923820-59-3
  • Ulrich Klein: The Marburg Market in Modern Times (1648 - 1866) . In: Altwasser, Elmar (ed.): The Marburg market: 800 years of history above and below the pavement. Festschrift for the completion and redesign of the Marburg market square . Marburg 1997. pp. 81-85. ISBN 3-923820-59-3
  • Ulrich Klein u. a. (Ed.): Marburg writings on building research (2). On the history of the Marburg town hall . Marburg 1984. ISBN 3-923820-07-0
  • Ricke Mehlau: The Marburg council rooms in Kerner and in the city school . In: Klein, Ulrich u. a. (Ed.): Marburg writings on building research (2). On the history of the Marburg town hall . Marburg 1984. pp. 1-15. ISBN 3-923820-07-0
  • Rainer Nickel: The topography of the town hall area around 1500 . In: Klein, Ulrich u. a. (Ed.): Marburg writings on building research (2). On the history of the Marburg town hall . Marburg 1984. pp. 17-19. ISBN 3-923820-07-0
  • Rainer Nickel: Construction work on and in the town hall of Marburg 1600 - 1887 . In: Klein, Ulrich u. a. (Ed.): Marburg writings on building research (2). On the history of the Marburg town hall . Marburg 1984. pp. 99-112. ISBN 3-923820-07-0
  • Marion Rautenberg: The new building of the town hall 1511 - 1526 . In: Klein, Ulrich u. a. (Ed.): Marburg writings on building research (2). On the history of the Marburg town hall . Marburg 1984. pp. 21-60. ISBN 3-923820-07-0
  • Marion Rautenberg: Construction work on and in the town hall of Marburg 1526 - 1600 . In: Klein, Ulrich u. a. (Ed.): Marburg writings on building research (2). On the history of the Marburg town hall . Marburg 1984. pp. 69-73. ISBN 3-923820-07-0

Web links

Commons : Rathaus Marburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Marburg. Historical local lexicon for Hesse (as of September 22, 2016). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on June 30, 2016 .
  2. ↑ Mehlau, Doe: The Marburg council chambers in the Kerner and in the city school . In: Klein, Ulrich u. a. (Ed.): Marburg writings on building research (2). On the history of the Marburg town hall . Marburg 1984. pp. 1-15.
  3. ^ Nickel, Rainer : The topography of the town hall area around 1500 . In: Klein, Ulrich u. a. (Ed.): Marburg writings on building research (2). On the history of the Marburg town hall . Marburg 1984. pp. 17-19.
  4. ↑ a b c d Rautenberg, Marion: The new building of the town hall 1511 - 1526 . In: Klein, Ulrich u. a. (Ed.): Marburg writings on building research (2). On the history of the Marburg town hall . Marburg 1984. pp. 21-60.
  5. ↑ Holtmeyer, Alois : Hessian town halls. Their preservation and distortion with 80 plates and 44 text images. Marburg 1912. (Digitized: [1] )
  6. ↑ Klein, Ulrich: The Marburg Market in the Early Modern Era (1511 - 1648) . In: Altwasser, Elmar (ed.): The Marburg market: 800 years of history above and below the pavement. Festschrift for the completion and redesign of the Marburg market square . Marburg 1997. pp. 71-73.
  7. ↑ a b Rautenberg, Marion: Construction work on and in the town hall of Marburg 1526 - 1600 . In: Klein, Ulrich u. a. (Ed.): Marburg writings on building research (2). On the history of the Marburg town hall . Marburg 1984. pp. 69-73.
  8. ^ Großmann, Dieter: Building and Art History of the City of Marburg. An overview. In: Dettmering, Erhart u. Rudolf Grenz (Ed.): Marburg History. Review of the city's history in individual contributions. Pp. 806-815.
  9. ^ Nickel, Rainer : Construction work on and in the town hall of Marburg 1600 - 1887 . In: Klein, Ulrich u. a. (Ed.): Marburg writings on building research (2). On the history of the Marburg town hall . Marburg 1984. p. 99 f.
  10. ↑ Klein, Ulrich: The Marburg Market in Modern Times (1648 - 1866) . In: Altwasser, Elmar (ed.): The Marburg market: 800 years of history above and below the pavement. Festschrift for the completion and redesign of the Marburg market square . Marburg 1997. pp. 81-85.
  11. ^ Nickel, Rainer : Construction work on and in the town hall of Marburg 1600 - 1887 . In: Klein, Ulrich u. a. (Ed.): Marburg writings on building research (2). On the history of the Marburg town hall . Marburg 1984. pp. 100-104.
  12. ^ Nickel, Rainer : Construction work on and in the town hall of Marburg 1600 - 1887 . In: Klein, Ulrich u. a. (Ed.): Marburg writings on building research (2). On the history of the Marburg town hall . Marburg 1984. pp. 105-112.
  13. ↑ Eugene, Memories of the Marburg Zoologist and Rector, 1914-1919, Section 13: Armistice and the uncertain situation in Marburg. Hessian sources on the First World War. (As of August 22, 2016). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  14. ↑ Brohl, Elmar : Urban development under the building department head Dr. Ing. Adolf Bernt 1954 - 1966. In: Hafeneger, Benno u. Wolfram Schäfer (Ed.): Marburg in the post-war years 3. Developments in politics, culture and architecture. Marburg 2006. pp. 389-466.
  15. ^ Großmann, Dieter: Building and Art History of the City of Marburg. An overview. In: Dettmering, Erhart u. Rudolf Grenz (Ed.): Marburg History. Review of the city's history in individual contributions. P. 813.