Mary of Hungary (1257-1323)

Mary of Hungary

Maria of Hungary and Queen of Naples ( Italian : Maria d'Ungheria ; * 1257 ; † March 25, 1323 in Naples ) came from the house of the Arpaden and was the third daughter of King Stephen V of Hungary and Elizabeth of Cumania .

Life

Little is known about the life of Mary. The Hungarian Pictorial Chronicle says about them:

“King Stephen V, the son of the Hungarian King Bela IV , had one of the daughters, Maria. He married her to Charles the Lame , the son of that Charlemagnewho was King of Sicily by the favor of the Church . King Karl the Lame fathered Karl Martell with the daughter of King Stephen . And this Karl Martell fathered with Clementia, the daughter of Emperor Rudolf , a son whom he first called ' Carobertus ' in his country . In Hungary he was only called Karl by leaving out the name Robert. "

Maria was married to Charles the Lame on August 6, 1270 at the age of 12. The wedding took place in Naples. It was a purely dynastic alliance that was to strengthen the alliance between the kingdoms of Hungary and Sicily. In order to strengthen the family ties of the two houses even more clearly, Maria's brother, Prince Ladislaus (later Ladislaus IV of Hungary ), at the age of eight, was married to Isabella d'Anjou , only nine years old , the youngest sister of Charles the Lame, married. On December 12, 1269, the abbot of Monte Cassino , Bernhard Ayglerius , who was also the envoy of King Charles I of Sicily , wrote to his master from Hungary: “The fame and strength of our Lord is known here, I do not particularly need it to mention. But the Hungarian royal family also has incredible power; it is difficult to say how many weapons the royal house has at its disposal. In the east and in the north nobody dares to move when the glorious leader ”(the Hungarian)“ directs his troops. In the north and in the east the principalities are either related to them, or they were "subjected to them" (the Hungarians). "

After the early death of Ladislaus IV, Mary of Hungary made claims to the Hungarian throne on September 21, 1290; the claims to the throne of Andreas III. did not recognize them. On January 6, 1292 she resigned from her claims in favor of her eldest son Karl Martell . Karl Martell - in his capacity as "Duke of Salerno" and "Lord of the Angelic Mountain" - was crowned Titular King of Hungary in Naples by the papal envoy, who acted on behalf of Pope Nicholas IV . He was recognized as the rightful king in Italy, Sicily, Croatia and Dalmatia.

Tomb of Queen Mary of Hungary in the Church of Santa Maria Donna Regina Vecchia in Naples

After the death of her husband, Mary's third eldest son, Robert, succeeded his father on the throne. She maintained good family relationships with her sister Elisabeth and visited her in Naples in 1300 - already as a widow. Elisabeth probably stayed in this area until the end of her life and settled in the monastery of San Pietro. The widowed Maria withdrew to her retirement and lived completely secluded in Naples, where she died at the age of 65. Her remains were interred in the Church of Santa Maria Donna Regina Vecchia in Naples. Her tomb was built by the Italian sculptor Tino di Camaino .

The marriage of Mary of Hungary to Charles the Lame initiated the inheritance of the House of Anjou in Hungary , which ruled there from 1308 to 1385/86.

Descendants

The association with Charles the Lame gave birth to 13 children; almost all of them reached adulthood, which was a rarity for that time.

Karl Martell (September 1271, † August 12, 1295), titular king of Hungary
Margarete ( Hungarian Margit ; * 1273, † December 31, 1299) ∞ Count Charles I of Valois
Ludwig (Hungarian Lajos; * February 9, 1274, † August 19, 1297), Archbishop of Toulouse , was canonized
Robert the Wise (* ~ 1277; † January 20, 1343), succeeded his father on the throne as King of Naples
Philip (born November 10, 1278, † December 24, 1331), Prince of Taranto , Duke of Durazzo
Bianca (Hungarian Blanka * 1280, † October 14, 1310), Queen of Aragon (as the wife of Jacob the Righteous) ∞ Jacob II of Aragon
Raimund (* ~ 1280, † October 1305), Duke of Besengar, Count of Provence, Piedmont and Andria
Johann (* 1283, † 1308) Catholic priest
Eleonore (* August 1289, † 9 August 1341) (2nd marriage) ∞ King Frederick II of Sicily

Maria (* 1290, † between April 1289 and January 1347)
Peter (* 1291, † 29 August 1315), Count of Ebolie and Gravina (killed in the battle of Montecatini )
Johann (* 1294, † April 5, 1335 or 1336), Duke of Durazzo
Beatrix (* 1295, † ~ 1321), Countess of Andria

literature

MARIA d'Ungheria, regina di Sicilia. In: Mario Caravale (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 70: Marcora – Marsilio. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 2007.
Tanja Michalsky : MATER SERENISSIMI PRINCIPIS. The Tomb of Queen Mary of Hungary, in: Art, Iconography and Patronage in Fourteenth-Century Naples. The Church of Santa Maria Donnaregina, ed. v. Janis Elliott and Cordelia Warr, London 2004, pp. 61–77.
Hungarian illustrated chronicle by Markus von Kalt, ( Chronica de Gestis Hungarorum from 1358), German edition, Corvina Verlag Budapest 1961
Dezső Dümmerth: Az Árpádok nyomában, ("In the footsteps of the Arpades"), Budapest 1977, ISBN 963-243-224-X (Hungarian)
Magyarország Uralkodói, (collective of authors), Pannonica Kiadó, 2003, ISBN 963 9252 60 3

Individual evidence

^ Charles II, the lame, was the son of Charles I of Anjou .
↑ Clementia (* ~ 1262, † after 1293) was the sixth child of Rudolf von Habsburg and Gertrud von Hohenberg ; In 1281 she married Karl Martell, the "Titular King of Hungary".
↑ Hungarian Picture Chronicle, p. 301f (see literature)
↑ After the early death of Ladislaus IV. In 1290, the legitimacy of the accession to the throne of his successor Andreas III . doubted by the Anjou family. In this attitude, the Anjous were also supported by Pope Boniface VIII , who saw Mary as the rightful heir to the throne and her son Karl Martell as King of Hungary. ( Magyarország Uralkodói, p. 131, see literature)
↑ Dümmerth, p. 466 (see literature)
↑ Andreas but was elected by the Hungarian estates to the king, on July 23, 1290 in the Basilica of Szekesfehervar for Apostolic King of Hungary crowned.

personal data
SURNAME	Mary of Hungary
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Maria d'Ungheria (Italian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Queen of Naples
DATE OF BIRTH	1257
DATE OF DEATH	March 25, 1323
Place of death	Naples

[1] Charles II, the lame, was the son of Charles I of Anjou .

[2] Clementia (* ~ 1262, † after 1293) was the sixth child of Rudolf von Habsburg and Gertrud von Hohenberg ; In 1281 she married Karl Martell, the "Titular King of Hungary".

[3] Hungarian Picture Chronicle, p. 301f (see literature)

[4] After the early death of Ladislaus IV. In 1290, the legitimacy of the accession to the throne of his successor Andreas III . doubted by the Anjou family. In this attitude, the Anjous were also supported by Pope Boniface VIII , who saw Mary as the rightful heir to the throne and her son Karl Martell as King of Hungary. ( Magyarország Uralkodói, p. 131, see literature)

[5] Dümmerth, p. 466 (see literature)

[6] Andreas but was elected by the Hungarian estates to the king, on July 23, 1290 in the Basilica of Szekesfehervar for Apostolic King of Hungary crowned.