Gertrud von Hohenberg

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Sarcophagus in Basel Minster. Inscription: Gertrud Anna wife of Rudolf von Habsburg. Born Countess von Hohenberg † 1281. Count Karl von Habsburg, whose sons † 1276 Tumba Gertruds von Hohenberg and her son Karl von Habsburg in Basel Minster, she shows the Roman-German royal eagle and the Styrian panther next to the Austrian shield
Sarcophagus in Basel Minster
Sarcophagus in Basel Minster. Inscription: Gertrud Anna wife of Rudolf von Habsburg. Born Countess von Hohenberg † 1281. Count Karl von Habsburg, whose sons † 1276 Tumba Gertruds von Hohenberg and her son Karl von Habsburg in Basel Minster, she shows the Roman-German royal eagle and the Styrian panther next to the Austrian shield
Sarcophagus of Gertrud von Hohenberg with son Karl von Habsburg in the Basel Minster

Gertrud von Hohenberg (* around 1230; † February 16, 1281 in Vienna ) was Rudolf von Habsburg's wife from 1253 Countess of Habsburg , Kyburg and Löwenstein and from 1273 as Anna von Habsburg, Roman-German Queen.

Anna von Habsburg is considered to be the ancestor of the Habsburg dynasty .

Life

Clarification of their parentage

Gertrud von Hohenberg was the eldest daughter of Count Burkhard V von Hohenberg and his wife Countess Palatine Mechthild von Tübingen , daughter of Count Palatine Rudolf II of Tübingen . The Swabian Counts of Hohenberg were an early split off branch of the Counts of Zollern .

They call the Acta Murensia “ uxor Gertrudis, quae et Anna, Ludovici, Comitis Froburgi et Hochbergi Comitis filia ” (the wife Gertrud, who also appears under the name Anna, the daughter of Ludwig, the Count of Frohburg and Hochberg). The Swiss historian Aegidius Tschudi († 1572) consequently put forward the thesis that Gertrud von Hohenberg, the wife of King Rudolf von Habsburg , came from the Homberg-Frohburg family . According to Tschudi, Gertrud would be the daughter († 1274) of Count Ludwig and sister of Count Hartmann and Count Herman IV. However, the county of Homberg only came through the marriage of her (assumed by Tschudi) brother Herman IV. With the heiress of Count Werner III. from Homberg to the Frohburger.

The older view was unequivocally refuted in 1758 by Johann Friedrich Herbster , who could assign Gertrud or Anna to the Swabian house of Hohenberg . The basis for this was a document dated February 27, 1271. In it, her husband Rudolf, Count von Kyburg and Habsburg sells a farm in Tiengen (Freiburg im Breisgau) to the St. Märgen Monastery , which he inherits as the marriage property of his wife Gertrud (“ Nobilis mulieris Gertrudis uxoris ”) was pledged. The Gertruds brothers “ … nobilium virorum fratrum suorum Alberti, Burchardi et Vlrici Comitum de Hohinberg ” expressly approved this transaction . The facts are attested in three documents. As a result, Gertrud certainly came from the house of the Swabian Hohenberg family.

Marriage and offspring

Gertrud married Count Rudolf von Habsburg in Alsace around 1253 , son of Count Albrecht IV and his wife Countess Heilwig von Kyburg .

For twenty years Gertrud von Hohenberg was countess at Stein Castle . On October 1, 1273, the electors unanimously elected their husband as German king in Frankfurt am Main . After his coronation in Aachen , she called herself Queen Anna .

The marriage to Rudolf had fourteen children (six sons and eight daughters), including:

Death and burial

The wife of King Rudolf I chose the Basel Minster as her burial site. The Colmar chronicler describes the preparations for her last journey and the circumstances of the corpse preservation in detail : "The entrails were removed from your corpse, the abdominal cavity was filled with sand and ashes, the face was embalmed. Then the body was given an oilcloth and wrapped in splendid silk robes. A gold chain adorned the veiled head. Then the dead queen was placed in the coffin, which was made of beech wood, with her arms crossed over her breast. Thus the king saw his wife for the last time before the coffin was closed with iron ties. " The funeral procession arrived in Basel on March 20, 1281. "Three bishops celebrated the office of the dead, during which the coffin was set up vertically and the lid was opened so that everyone present could see the eminent deceased again."

tomb

Her sarcophagus and that of her youngest son Karl are in the choir aisle of the Basel Minster . After the earthquake of 1356, her grave was moved to the left side of the choir together with the grave of her son Karl. For the first time after this reburial, the grave was opened in 1510 by the Basel canons . The royal crown, a ring and a necklace were removed. Another opening of the crypt followed in 1770. Her bones, as well as the bones of their deceased sons Karl and Hartmann, were transferred to the monastery of St. Blasien by the ceremonial translation of the imperial-royal-ducal-Austrian highest corpses ; Today they rest in the St. Paul Abbey in Lavanttal in Carinthia. A cenotaph remained in Basel .

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Gertrud von Hohenberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Aegidius Tschudi : Chronicon Helveticum , Volume I., pp. 141 and 182
  2. ↑ Various confusions of the name, which was common at the time, appear possible, for example the wife of Count Ludwig von Froburg-Homberg - and mother of the same Gertrude - was the aunt of Rudolf I, Gertrude von Habsburg († 1241).
  3. ^ Johann Friedrich Herbster : Message from Emperor Rudolph von Habsburg's first wife ( see above !). In: Juristisches Wochenblatt, 1st Jg., Leipzig 1772, pp. 118-136 (reprint from Carlsruher's useful collections for the year 1758 ).
  4. ↑ The original Kyburgs as well as the Habsburg counts of Kyburg from the Laufenberg branch line were actually always opponents of the Austrian Habsburgs; The house (Alt-) Kyburg went out in 1264 in the male line, the Laufenburg Eberhard I founded the house Neu-Kyburg in 1273 through the marriage with the heir daughter Anna von Kyburg. In between, however, Rudolph I was the legal guardian, and thus he was also the incumbent Count of Kyburg in 1271.
  5. ↑ Ludwig Schmid : History of the Counts of Zollern-Hohenberg and their county, together with document book , Stuttgart, Gebrüder Scheitlin, 1882, vol. [2], p. 37 No. 60, p. 39 No. 61, p. 41 No. 62.
  6. ^ Basler Münster: Tomb of Queen Anna von Habsburg and her son Karl. Retrieved April 12, 2020 .
  7. ^ Johann Franzl: Rudolf I. The first Habsburg on the German throne . Verlag Styria 1986, pp. 60, 201-204; see also here
  8. ↑ The Odyssey of a Dead Queen
predecessor Office Successor
interregnum Roman-German queen
1273–1281 		Isabella of Burgundy
personal data
SURNAME Gertrud von Hohenberg
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Anna of Habsburg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ancestral mother of the von Habsburg family
DATE OF BIRTH around 1230
DATE OF DEATH February 16, 1281
Place of death Vienna