List of the wives of the Roman-German rulers

This list of the wives of the Roman-German rulers contains the wives of those rulers of the East Franconian Empire since the Treaty of Verdun and of the Holy Roman Empire who are considered to be the actual rulers of the empire in historical research. Although these women only exercised rulership rights in exceptional cases, they are referred to as queens or empresses and were often crowned as such.

Carolingian

Hemma's tomb

Liutgard von Sachsen in the family table of the Ottonians (12th century)

• Ludwig II the German , King (843–876)

1. Hemma , 827

• Karlmann , king in the partial kingdom of Bavaria (865 / 76–880)

1. Liutswind ( Friedelehe ), around 850
2. Name unknown: daughter of Margrave Ernst in Nordgau , before 861

• Ludwig III. the younger , king in the part of Franconia-Saxony (865 / 76-882), in part of Bavaria (880-82)

1. Name unknown (Friedelehe), around 855/60
2. Liutgard of Saxony , 876/77

• Charles III the fat , king in the partial kingdom of Alemannia (865 / 76-882), king (882-887), emperor (881-888)

1. Richardis , 862
2. concubine

• Arnulf of Carinthia , King from 887, Emperor (896–899)

1. Concubine, around 870 (mother of Zwentibold )
2. Cohabitation with Ellinrat († May 24 after 914), 870/75
3. Possible cohabitation with a family member of the Wilhelminer , around 888
4. Oda , around 888

• Ludwig the child , king (900–911), unmarried

Conradines

• Konrad I , King (911–918)

1. Kunigunde , 913

Liudolfinger and Ottonen

Empress Adelheid next to her husband, King Otto I, in the Meissen Cathedral

• Heinrich I der Vogler , King (919–936)

1. Hatheburg von Merseburg , around 906
2. Mathilde the saint , 909

• Otto I the Great , King from 936, Emperor (962–973)

1. Edgitha , 929
2. Adelheid , 951, guardian empress (985–994)

• Otto II. , King from 961, Emperor (973–983)

1. Theophanu , 972, guardian empress (985–991)

• Otto III. , King from 983, Emperor (996–1002)
• Henry II the Holy , King from 1002, Emperor (1014-1024)

1. Kunigunde , 1000

Salier

Empress Gisela entering the church. Echternach Pericope Book , 1039-1043. Bremen, University Library b. 21, fol. 3 ^r

• Konrad II. , King from 1024, emperor (1027-1039)

1. Gisela of Swabia , 1016

• Henry III. , Co-king from 1028, king from 1039, emperor (1046–1056)

1. Gunhild of Denmark , 1036
2. Agnes of Poitou , 1043

• Heinrich IV. , King from 1056, Emperor (1083–1106)

1. Bertha of Turin , 1066
2. Adelheid of Kiev , 1089

• Heinrich V , co-king from 1099, king from 1106, emperor (1111–1125)

1. Matilda of England , 1114

Supplinburger

• Lothar III. , King from 1125, Emperor (1133–1137)

1. Richenza von Northeim , around 1100

Staufer

Empress Konstanze

• Conrad III. , King (1138–1152)

1. Gertrud von Comburg , 1114/1115
2. Gertrud von Sulzbach , around 1131/32

• Friedrich I. Barbarossa , king from 1152, emperor (1155–1190)

1. Adelheid von Vohburg , 1147 or 1149. In 1153 the marriage was annulled
2. Beatrix of Burgundy , 1156

• Henry VI. , King from 1190, Emperor (1191–1197)

1. Constance of Sicily , 1186

• Philip of Swabia , King (1198–1208)

1. Irene , 1195

Guelphs

• Otto IV of Braunschweig , king from 1198, emperor (1209–1218)

1. Beatrix of Swabia , 1212
2. Mary of Brabant , 1214

Staufer

Marriage of Emperor Friedrich II with Isabella of England

• Friedrich II. , King from 1212, Emperor (1220–1250)

1. Constance of Aragon , 1209
2. Isabella of Jerusalem , 1225
3. Isabella of England , 1235
4. Bianca Lancia , 1250

• Heinrich (VII.) , Fellow king (1220–1234)

1. Margaret of Austria , 1225

• Conrad IV. , King (1250–1254)

1. Elisabeth of Bavaria , 1246

interregnum

• William of Holland , King (1254–1256)

1. Elisabeth of Braunschweig , 1252

• Richard of Cornwall , King (1257-1272)

1. Isabella of Pembroke , 1231
2. Sancha of Provence , 1243
3. Beatrix von Falkenburg , 1269

Habsburgs and Nassau

Sculpture Gertrud von Habsburg in Basel Minster

• Rudolf I of Habsburg , King (1273–1291)

1. Gertrud von Hohenberg , 1253
2. Isabella of Burgundy , 1284

• Adolf of Nassau , King (1292–1298)

1. Imagina of Isenburg-Limburg , 1271

• Albrecht I of Habsburg , King (1298–1308)

1. Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tirol , 1276

Luxembourgers and Wittelsbachers

Wenceslaus IV and Sophie of Bavaria. Miniature from the Wenceslas Bible , 14th century

• Henry VII of Luxembourg , king from 1308, emperor (1312–1313)

1. Margaret of Brabant , 1292

• Ludwig IV the Bavarian , King from 1314, Emperor (1328–1347), Wittelsbacher

1. Beatrix of Silesia-Schweidnitz , 1308
2. Margaret of Holland , 1324

• Charles IV of Luxembourg , king from 1346 (re-election in 1347), emperor (1355-1378)

1. Blanca Margaret of Valois , 1323
2. Anna of the Palatinate , 1349
3. Anna of Schweidnitz , 1353
4. Elisabeth of Pomerania , 1363

• Wenceslaus of Luxembourg , King (1378–1400)

1. Johanna of Bavaria , 1370
2. Sophie of Bavaria , 1389

• Ruprecht von der Pfalz , King (1401–1410), Wittelsbacher

1. Elisabeth of Hohenzollern-Nuremberg , 1374

• Jobst of Moravia , King (1410–1411), Luxembourger

1. Elisabeth of Opole , 1372

• Sigismund of Luxembourg , King from 1410, Emperor (1433–1437)

1. Mary of Hungary , 1385
2. Barbara von Cilli , 1405

Habsburgs

Eleanor of Portugal

Queen Anna Jagiello

Maria Anna of Spain with little Ferdinand

• Albrecht II , King (1438–1439)

1. Elisabeth of Bohemia , 1422

• Friedrich III. , King from 1440, Emperor (1452–1493)

1. Eleanor Helena of Portugal , 1452

• Maximilian I , king from 1486, emperor (1508–1519)

1. Mary of Burgundy , 1477
2. Bianca Maria Sforza , 1494

• Charles V , king from 1519, emperor (1530–1556)

1. Isabella of Portugal , 1526

• Ferdinand I , king from 1531, emperor (1558–1564)

1. Anna of Bohemia and Hungary , 1521

• Maximilian II , emperor (1564–1576)

1. Mary of Spain , 1548

• Rudolf II , Emperor (1576–1612)
• Matthias , Kaiser (1612–1619)

1. Anna of Tyrol , 1611

• Ferdinand II , Emperor (1619–1637)

1. Maria Anna of Bavaria , 1600
2. Eleonora Gonzaga , 1622

• Ferdinand III. , Emperor (1637–1657)

1. Maria Anna of Spain , 1631
2. Maria Leopoldine of Tyrol , 1648
3. Eleonora Magdalena Gonzaga of Mantua-Nevers , 1651

• Leopold I , Emperor (1658–1705)

1. Margarita Teresa , 1666
2. Claudia Felizitas of Tyrol , 1673
3. Eleanor of Pfalz-Neuburg , 1676

• Joseph I , Emperor (1705–1711)

1. Amalia Wilhelmine of Braunschweig-Lüneburg , 1699

• Charles VI , Kaiser (1711–1740)

1. Elisabeth Christine of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel , 1708

Wittelsbacher

• Charles VII. Albrecht , Kaiser (1742–1745)

1. Maria Amalie of Austria , 1722

Habsburg-Lorraine

Empress Maria Theresa, 1762

• Franz I Stephan , Emperor (1745–1765)

1. Maria Theresa , 1736

• Joseph II , Emperor (1765–1790)

1. Isabella of Bourbon-Parma , 1760
2. Maria Josepha of Bavaria , 1765

• Leopold II , Emperor (1790–1792)

1. Maria Ludovica of Spain , 1765

• Franz II , emperor (1792–1806)

1. Elisabeth Wilhelmina of Württemberg , 1788
2. Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily , 1790 (last Roman-German Empress)
3. Maria Ludovika Beatrix of Modena , 1808
4. Karoline Auguste of Bavaria , 1816

See also

• List of Roman-German rulers
• Tombs of the Roman-German rulers and their wives

literature

• Amalie Fößel (Ed.): The Empresses of the Middle Ages. Pustet, Regensburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-7917-2360-0 .
• Amalie Fößel: The Queen in the Medieval Empire. Exercise of power, rights of power, scope for action (= Middle Ages research. Volume 4). Thorbecke, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-7995-4256-6 ( digitized version ).
• Gerhard Hartmann, Karl Schnith (ed.): The emperors, 1200 years of European history, Styria publishing house, Graz et al. 1996, ISBN 3-222-12421-3 .