Marienkirche (Anklam)
The St. Marien Church in Anklam is the older of the two large city churches in the Hanseatic city of Anklam in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , in the brick Gothic style . The Marienkirche was recognized as a monument of national importance mainly because of its extraordinary wall paintings, most of which date from the first half of the 14th century.
history
The Marienkirche was first mentioned in a document in 1296, but construction should have started 40 years earlier. Originally it was a Romanesque church with double towers, which is still much older and was then built over in a Gothic style . The Romanesque tower can still be seen today in the masonry of the Gothic successor. This explains the asymmetrical position of the tower in relation to the nave , as the plan for a Gothic twin tower system based on the model of the Marienkirche in Lübeck was abandoned as early as the 15th century. A chapel was built in place of the second tower that was not built. By the end of the 15th century, the Marienkirche received its present appearance.
Despite severe war damage (especially during the air raid on October 9, 1943), the loss of the spire and parts of the vault on the south aisle, the Marienkirche survived the war relatively well, unlike the Nikolaikirche, and could be re-consecrated as early as 1947. Significant parts of the interior were lost at the Schwerinsburg Castle .
description
Exterior
The brick building is a three-aisled hall church with a late Romanesque choir , sacristy and a four-story tower. The nave and choir are covered by large pitched roofs, as is the smaller sacristy.
tower
The design of the tower structure changed several times over the years. In 1816 the pointed helmet, which had been destroyed by fire, was replaced by a lower pyramid roof. In 1884, the low tower spire burned down after a lightning strike, so the four gables of the tower were rebuilt and significantly increased and the Marienkirche was provided with a Gothic pointed spire (similar to the Nikolaikirche in Anklam), which is about 100 Meters. The new spire was completed in 1888. This construction was destroyed in a bombing raid in 1943 , and only three of the former four gables remained. After the war, the tower was given a simpler gable roof with only two gables and is now 64 meters high.
Furnishing
The Marienkirche gained supraregional importance after the rediscovery of its exceptionally well-preserved interior decoration, which was exposed on pillars and belt arches in 1936/37 and can be dated to the first half of the 14th century. In contrast to most examples of medieval wall painting in Northern Germany, the painting in the Marienkirche in Anklam gives an almost completely preserved spatial impression. The octagonal pillars of the nave are covered with floral and geometric patterns, some in fresco and some in fresco secco. The divider arch reveals bear 24 depictions of saints, which are shown in great detail in architectural frames. They can only partially be clearly identified iconographically. Retable-like paintings on the pillars show, among other things, scenes of the crucifixion and depictions of saints, which are stylistically related to similar paintings in the St. Nikolai Church in Stralsund.
The baptismal font, made of Gotland limestone, dates from around 1330. The cheeks of the choir stalls also come from the Nikolaikirche from the early 15th century and show, among other things, an extraordinary depiction of the Pomeranian heraldic animal, the griffin . Many parts of the valuable equipment of St. Marien were moved to the Schwerinsburg estate during the Second World War . When it burned out in 1945, most of the art objects were lost. From the main altar, only the large statue of Mary from the late 15th century remained, which is now in the north-western Marienkapelle.
Grazes
On the chapels of the southern main nave from the second half of the 15th century, numerous scratches have been preserved in the brick surface . The elaborations in the brickwork, also known as pots, round or scraper marks, sharpening hollows or grooves, bowl or swan stones, have undergone countless attempts at interpretation - they were attributed to a wide variety of occasions and activities as a result of war, folk medicine, pilgrimage, contracts, ties to the homeland, etc. The chronological classification of the Anklam scratches in the period around 1500 makes it seem conceivable that stone dust was removed here as a remedy for dairy or childless women.
organ
The organ was built in 1962 by Alexander Schuke as Opus 326. The slider chests -instrument has 30 registers with 2,214 pipes on two manuals and pedal . The actions are mechanical.
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
Apostle bell
In the tower there is the so-called apostle bell of the well-known medieval bell founder Rickert de Monkehagen from 1450, which was originally one of the bells in the five-part ringing of the St. Nicholas Church in Anklam. It is the largest surviving medieval bell in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and also the third largest bell in Western Pomerania.
Data
The bell has a diameter of 1824/1820/1790 mm, the brass knuckle ( thickest area of the bell on which the clapper strikes ) is 139.5 mm thick. The inclined height to the bridge is 1336 mm, the height without the crown 1645 mm. It weighs around 4,500 kg.
| Nominal tone ( strike tone ) |
undertone | Prime | third | Fifth | Upper octave | Decime | Duodecime | Quatuordezime | Double octave | reverberation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| h 0 +10 | c 0 −1.5 | ais 0 +7.5 | d 1 +15 | f sharp 1 +3 | h 1 +10 | dis 2 +3 | f sharp 2 +3 | a 2 +11 | h 2 +11 | 12/15/45 sec |
history
The apostle's bell was postponed from confiscation during the Second World War, together with two other medieval bells from the Nikolaikirche, due to its art-historical importance. The bells of the Marienkirche, as well as two bells of the Nikolaikirche from the baroque period, however, were smashed and melted down in the tower. During the last days of the war, the Nikolaikirche was badly destroyed after artillery fire by withdrawing German troops, and the tower burned down. The bells could not be recovered due to the severe damage to the tower after the end of the war. In autumn 1945 the gables of the tower of the Nikolaikirche collapsed in a storm and smashed the floors. The three bells fell about 50 meters.
When looking for the bronze remains in the rubble, the smaller bells were found destroyed, but the apostle's bell was only slightly damaged. The crown of the bell was chipped off and the great heat in the burning tower had caused deformation and pewter exudation. As a result, the sound of the bells has suffered losses, but it still has an astonishing sound quality.
The bell was hung in the neighboring Marienkirche, which could be used again from 1947. From the material of the two destroyed sister bells, the bell foundry in Apolda cast two new bells with the chimes d 1 +11 and e 1 +9. These were decommissioned in 2014 due to their poor sound quality. The smaller bell remained in the tower as a historical monument, the material of the larger bell was reused for a new bell.
description
The bell is decorated on the shoulder ( the upper bell area under the line of inscriptions and under the crown on which it is hung ) with incised drawings in the form of twelve medallions with portraits of the twelve apostles , which also gave it its name. The inscription above the medallions contains the inscription in large Gothic minuscule with rhombuses as word separators:
Furthermore, there are incised drawings of various saints and a crucifixion group on the bell flank . Here you can also find the foundry mark of Monkehagen 
, as well as another, so far unsolved.
present
The bell system including the bell chair was renovated in 2014 by the Evangelical Church Community of Anklam and equipped with five new bells from the Bachert bell foundry in Karlsruhe. The apostle's bell received a straight wooden yoke and a new clapper and was hung in its own bell cage on the floor below the previous bell room. The inauguration took place on October 5, 2014. Since then, the apostle's bell has been ringing on high church holidays, after it had been shut down in the previous decades due to the unsuitable suspension on the cranked yoke.
use
The church is the worship and event space of the Evangelical Church Community of Anklam in the Provosty Pasewalk in the Pomeranian Evangelical Church District of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany . The concerts of the traditional Anklam summer music series take place in the Marienkirche during the summer months.
literature
The fate of German monuments in the Second World War . Edited by Götz Eckardt. Henschel-Verlag, Berlin 1978. Volume 1. In it: Arno Krause “District Neubrandenburg. Anklam, ”pp. 100-101
Web links
- Literature about Marienkirche (Anklam) in the state bibliography MV
- Search for Marienkirche (Anklam) in the German Digital Library
- Search for Marienkirche Anklam in the SPK digital portal of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation
- Evangelical Church Congregation Anklam
- Interactive tour through the Marienkirche (Protestant parish)
- Latest results of building research by JC Holst in the portal European Route of Brick Gothic Heritage (Brick Gothic Heritage)
- Documentation by the Zeit Foundation
Individual evidence
- ↑ Steffen Orgas: Scratches on the Anklam Marienkirche - an expression of a hidden, tolerated or liturgical tradition? In: Pomerania - magazine for culture and history . 54th volume, issue 2, 2016, p. 44-48 .
- ↑ More information about the organ
- ↑ Description at the Evangelical Church Community Anklam ( Memento from January 31, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ http://www.wamsiedler.de/eine-stimme-fur-anklam-das-glockenprojekt-der-marienkirche-in-anklam/ The bell project of the Marienkirche in Anklam
- ↑ http://www.anklamer-glocken.de/index.html
Coordinates: 53 ° 51 ′ 21 ″ N , 13 ° 41 ′ 5 ″ E