Martin Hieronymus Hudtwalcker

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Portrait of Martin Hieronymus Hudtwalcker, 1864, lithograph by Friedrich Wilhelm Graupenstein , Hamburg State and University Library

Martin Hieronymus Hudtwalcker , pseudonym (1826) Oswald (born September 15, 1787 in Hamburg ; † August 16, 1865 ) was a Hamburg senator . In his time he was one of the most prominent advocates of the revival movement in Hamburg.

Career

Hudtwalcker was the son of a respected Hamburg merchant. Johann Michael Hudtwalcker was his uncle, Nicolaus Hudtwalcker his brother. He received lessons first from his uncle, pastor Christian Martin Hudtwalcker , then at the Latin school in Copenhagen and at the grammar school in Gotha . From 1805 to 1809 he studied law at the University of Heidelberg and the University of Göttingen ; his dissertation in Heidelberg had an article on the law of the sea by the Romans on the subject.

After completing his studies, Hudtwalcker established himself as a lawyer in Hamburg. After Hamburg was annexed by Napoleon , Hudtwalcker went to Vienna in 1811 and did not return until 1815. Hudtwalcker was born on February 21, 1816 in Hamburg as a lawyer admitted he was up to his election to the Senate enrolled as such. In 1817 Hudtwalcker married Charlotte Amalie von Mengershausen. Against his will, he was elected Hamburg Senator in March 1820; According to Hamburg law, it was not possible to reject the election if one wanted to remain a citizen of the city. Hudtwalcker remained a senator in Hamburg for forty years until he retired in 1860.

Act as a senator

Hudtwalcker was provisional in 1831 and from 1833 to 1839 Hamburg police officer. For a few years he was Hamburg's highest school authority. In the area of ​​the legislature , Hudtwalcker was a member of a commission for the preparation of the Hamburg constitution of 1860, and he also worked on a reform of criminal law and the code of criminal procedure for Hamburg. Hudtwalcker played a major role in the Guardianship Code, which came into force in 1831. Hudtwalcker was also active in the field of jurisdiction; he was a member of the Hamburg Higher Court, temporarily as president.

Hudtwalcker showed great interest in issues relating to the penal system and the education of young offenders. On the one hand, he placed general prevention before the improvement of delinquents in the foreground, but on the other hand he took the position that prisons and other harmful milieus could have a harmful influence on the further development of young people. He advocated the establishment of a fulling mill and treadmill for beggars and vagabonds in 1824. The penal school , which he proposed and established in 1833, was intended to protect young people who were guilty of lesser offenses from the harmful influence of the general prison.

Religious attitude

Hudtwalcker was a supporter of the revival movement and one of its influential representatives in Hamburg. In pamphlets he represented his theological position and defended it against attacks by representatives of the prevailing rationalism , including Amandus Augustus Abendroth and Hermann Rentzel . Hudtwalcker was President of the Hamburg-Altonaische Bibelgesellschaft. Nevertheless, like Abendroth, he was also a member of a Hamburg Masonic lodge .

Acquaintances

Martin Hieronymus Hudtwalcker was known to many famous contemporaries.

In Gotha , Hudtwalcker made friends with his schoolmate, the later philologist Franz Passow . During his studies in Heidelberg he was a regular guest of the poet and translator Johann Heinrich Voss . In Göttingen was Wolf Heinrich von Baudissin , later a diplomat, his college friend; with him and the pedagogue Friedrich Kohlrausch he made a trip to Switzerland. Shortly before the end of his studies, Hudtwalcker met the later criminal law teacher Carl Joseph Anton Mittermaier , with whom he remained in contact until the end of his life. On a long trip after completing his studies, he met Jean Paul ; in Jena he stayed with Carl Friedrich Ernst Frommann , where he met Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and the translator and Shakespeare expert Johann Diederich Gries .

During his exile in Vienna he was entrusted with the protective accompaniment of the two eldest sons of Johann Philipp von Stadion at the University of Göttingen. In Hamburg, Hudtwalcker became acquainted with Johann Hinrich Wichern , became his sponsor and made it possible for him to study in Göttingen. In 1833 Hudtwalcker was co-founder and main sponsor of the Rauhen Haus in Hamburg, of which Wichern became director. Hudtwalcker expected that through the Rauhe Haus, morally endangered young people should be removed from the harmful influence of their parents or their peers. 15 years later he was one of the 60 founding members of the Hamburg City Mission .

Works (selection)

  • Dissertatio inauguralis de foenore nautico Romano , Schniebes, Hamburg 1810 (legal dissertation)
  • On the public and private arbitrators - dieters - in Athens and the trial before them , Friedrich Frommann, Jena 1812 (legal historical treatise)
  • Fragments from Karl Berthold's diary , Duncker and Humblot, Berlin 1826 (autobiographical in literary form)
  • On the influence of so-called mysticism and religious enthusiasm on the prevalence of mental illness and suicide, especially in Hamburg . In Criminalist Articles, Vol. 3, Issue 1, 1827 (polemic)
  • Letter from a Hamburg citizen to Pastor Rentzel about his "frank statements" regarding the writing of Mr. Senator Hudtwalcker's paper on the influence of so-called mysticism on madness and suicide , Brockhaus, Leipzig 1827 (polemic, anonymous)
  • The Hamburg criminal procedure and its reform: Draft of a Hamburg law on divorce and on the procedure in divorce cases. Hamburg: Agency of the Rauhen Haus 1856 ( digital copy of the copy from the Bavarian State Library )

Hudtwalcker translated a text by Galeazzo Gualdo Priorato and published it under the title Des Count Galeazzo Gualdo Priorato Description of Hamburg in 1663 (Journal of the Association for Hamburg History, Vol. 3, 1851, pp. 140-156). Hudtwalcker was co-founder and co-editor of the journal Criminalistische Beybeit, which appeared from 1825 .

Awards and honors

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hanns Bohatta , Michael Holzmann: Deutsches Pseudonym-Lexikon. Vienna and Leipzig: Akademischer Verlag 1906, p. 204
  2. ^ Gerrit Schmidt: The history of the Hamburg legal profession from 1815 to 1879, Hamburg 1989, ISBN 3923725175 , p. 318
  3. ^ Joachim Döbler: Tamed youth. Regulatory processes in the penal class of the Hamburger Werk- und Armenhaus (1828–1842) , Lit, Hamburg 1992, ISBN 3-89473-270-9
  4. ^ Martin Ohst: Johann Hinrich Wichern. Attempt to classify church history , p. 164. In: Udo Sträter : Pietismus und Neuzeit. A yearbook on the history of modern Protestantism , Volume 25, Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, Göttingen 1999, ISBN 3-525-55897-X , pp. 158-181
personal data
SURNAME Hudtwalcker, Martin Hieronymus
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Oswald (pseudonym); Hudtwalcker, Moritz Hieronymus (wrong name form)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hamburg Senator
DATE OF BIRTH September 15, 1787
PLACE OF BIRTH Hamburg
DATE OF DEATH August 16, 1865