Maurice Destrem

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Maurice Destrem

Jean Antoine Maurice Hugo Petrovich Destrem ( Russian (Жан Антуан Морис Гугович Дестрем) Shan Antuan Moriss Gugowitsch Destrem * 1787 , † November 10 . Jul / 22. November  1855 greg. In St. Petersburg ) was a French - Russian traffic engineer and university professor .

Life

Destrem came from an old noble family who had come to France from Sweden . Destrem attended the Paris École polytechnique and then studied at the École nationale des ponts et chaussées , graduating in 1810.

When Alexander I was planning to set up an institute for traffic engineering in St. Petersburg , Napoleon I recommended the engineers Pierre-Dominique Bazaine , Alexandre Fabre , Destrem and Charles Michel Potier at the meeting in Erfurt in 1809 . The four engineers were then invited to St. Petersburg by the general inspector of the newly established traffic engineering corps Agustín de Betancourt . In 1810 Destrem entered the Russian service and became captain of the traffic engineering corps . Together with Bazaine he was sent to the Chersonese governor Armand Emmanuel du Plessis to carry out a project for the construction of a port in Evpatoria and to build hydraulic engineering systems in the port of Odessa . In March 1812 he became a professor of theoretical mechanics at the Institute of the Transport Engineers Corps.

At the beginning of the Franco-Russian War in 1812 , Destrem, like the other three French engineers , was exiled to Yaroslavl , Poschechonje and finally Irkutsk . When Destrem returned to St. Petersburg after the end of the war in July 1815, he was promoted to Podpolkownik retrospectively to June 1812 . He was immediately sent to Georgia to explore the Kura and Rioni rivers and to carry out work on the Georgian Military Road. According to Destrem's project, the military port was built in Reval . In 1818 he again became a professor at the Institute of the Transport Engineering Corps. In 1820 he became managing director of the II. Traffic route district. In 1821 he became a member of the commission set up at the Imperial Academy of Arts to examine the work of the architect Antoine-François Mauduit on St. Isaac's Cathedral .

In 1821 Destrem published a textbook on mechanics . In 1824 he became editor of the journal for traffic . In 1834 he took over the chairmanship of the Transport Council. In 1842 he became a member of the Committee for the Construction of the Nicholas Bridge and the Committee for the Construction of the St. Petersburg-Moscow Railway . He was involved in hydraulic engineering in Sestrorezk . He was a member of many commissions, including the commission to examine Leo von Klenze's designs for St. Isaac's Cathedral and the commission to monitor the experiments for the introduction of electrical lighting invented by Henri Adolphe Archereau in Russia (1849).

Destrem became an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences in 1842 . Destrem also dealt with literature and music. He wrote several books on technical subjects and translated works by Ivan Andreevich Krylov into French . In 1847 he was accepted as a lieutenant general in the Russian nobility . In 1852 Destrem and his family took on Russian citizenship. Because of his weakened health, he went to health treatments abroad, but these did not help. Despite his illness, he continued to work and presented at a conference of the Academy of Sciences Dmitri Ivanovich Schurawski's work on wooden bridges according to the American system, for which he received a gold medal.

Destrem was buried in St. Petersburg in the Lutheran part of the Smolensk cemetery .

Honors

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Дестрем, Морис Гугонович . In: Русский биографический словарь А. А. Половцова . tape 6 , 1905, pp. 335–337 ( Wikisource [accessed July 12, 2018]).
  2. ↑ Дестрем (Морис Гугонович) . In: Brockhaus-Efron . Xa, 1893, p. 487 ( Wikisource [accessed July 12, 2018]).
  3. ↑ Destrem M .: Traité de mécanique à l'usage des élèves de l'institut des voies et communication . St. Petersburg 1820.
  4. ↑ Russian Academy of Sciences: Дестрем Морис Гугович (Жан-Антуан-Морис) (accessed July 12, 2018).
  5. ↑ Destrem M .: Sur le mode de transport le plus avantageux pour la Russie . St. Petersburg 1831.
  6. ↑ Destrem M .: Consideration générales sur les avantages relatifs of canaux et des chemins à ornières et application etc. St. Petersburg 1,831th
  7. ↑ Destrem M .: Memoires sur divers objets relatifs à la science de l'ingénieur . St. Petersburg 1835.
  8. ↑ Герб Дестремов (accessed July 12, 2018).
personal data
SURNAME Destrem, Maurice
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Destrem, Jean Antoine Maurice (full name); Дестрем, Морис Гугович (Russian); Дестрем, Жан-Антуан-Морис (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Franco-Russian traffic engineer and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH 1787
DATE OF DEATH November 22, 1855
Place of death St. Petersburg