Max Neisser
Maximilian Neisser (born June 19, 1869 in Liegnitz , Silesia , † February 25, 1938 in Frankfurt am Main ) was a German bacteriologist and hygienist.
family
Max Neisser was the son of Salomon Neisser and Julie Sabersky. The dermatologist Albert Neisser was his uncle. In 1901 Neisser married Emma Eleonore Hallgarten (1878-1939), her father was the philanthropist Charles Hallgarten . The marriage resulted in the children Elise Charlotte , Gerhard Ernst and Klaus Alfred.
education and profession
Neisser first studied natural sciences for a few semesters and then medicine in Freiburg , Breisgau and Berlin . After the state examination, he received his doctorate in 1893 with an investigation into the differentiation between cholera vibrions and the water vibrio ( Vibrio berolinensis) that he had discovered. This work, which also contains the description of a procedure for the detection of cholera vibrions, was created in the laboratory of the Berlin hygienist Max Rubner .
From 1894 to 1899 Neisser worked as an assistant to the hygienist Carl Flügge (1847–1923) at the Breslau Hygiene Institute. After his habilitation in 1899, he was a member of the Institute for Experimental Therapy in Frankfurt am Main until 1909 , which was headed by Paul Ehrlich . Appointed professor, he took over the management of the new Frankfurt Hygiene Institute in 1909. From 1914 Neisser represented the subjects of hygiene and bacteriology as full professor at the University of Frankfurt . During the First World War he served as an advisory army hygienist. In 1933 Neisser was forcibly retired from the Nazi regime and then lived in retirement in his country house in Falkenstein im Taunus .
power
Neisser primarily dealt with hygienic and bacteriological issues such as the transmission of infectious agents in drinking water or air dust and the differential diagnosis of diphtheria bacillus (1897). Among other things, Neisser described a steam process for disinfecting drinking water wells. In addition, he dealt with "applied" bacteriology and hygiene in public health (water, food, home hygiene, heating , ventilation , milk disinfection ) as well as the further development of bacteriological process technologies (nutrient media, sterilization , animal husbandry), questions of laboratory infection and bacteriological warfare .
He researched the properties of numerous microorganisms (diphtheria bacillus, staph, streptococci , pneumococci , meningococci , gonococci , anthrax , plague , Friedlander , snot bacilli ). In 1901, Neisser demonstrated that staphylococci form two different soluble poisons in blood serum ( hemolysin and leukocidin).
Neisser developed a biological test for protein differentiation in order to be able to differentiate between different types of blood (Neisser-Sachs complement fixation reaction) and showed that excess immune serum can mask the antigen-antiserum reaction (Neisser-Wechsberg phenomenon).
Fonts
- About a new water vibrio that delivers the nitrosoindole reaction , Berlin 1893, Arch Hygiene 19
- On the hygienic importance of the protozoal findings in water . Z Hygiene 22 (1896)
- For differential diagnosis of diphtheria bacillus . Z Hygiene 24 (1897)
- About airborne dust infection . Z Hygiene 27 (1898)
- About the staphylotoxin (with Friedrich Wechsberg ). Z Hygiene 35 (1901)
- About the mode of action of bactericider sera (with Friedrich Wechsberg). Münchn Med Wochenschr 48 (1901) 697
- The staphylococci (with A. Lipstein), In: Handb. D. pathog. Microorganisms, Vol. 3, Jena 1903
- Studies on flocculation phenomena (with Ulrich Friedemann ). Münchn Med Wochenschr 19 (1904)
- A method for forensic proof of the origin of the blood (with Hans Sachs ) Berlin Klin Wochenschr 42 (1905) 1388
- Malaria in the war and after the war In: Nature and Museum. Annual report of the Senckenbergische Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 1919 (presentation at the 5th meeting on December 7th, 1918) Digitized
- The anthrax, bacilli of the Friedländer group , In: Lehrb. d. Mikrobiol., Vol. 2, Jena 1919
- On the epidemiology and bacteriology of typhus , 1925
- Modern housing and hygienic requirements , 1928
See also
literature
- Robert Volz: Reich manual of the German society . The handbook of personalities in words and pictures. Volume 2: L-Z. German business publisher, Berlin 1931, DNB 453960294 .
- Isidor Fischer (ed.): Biographical lexicon of the outstanding doctors of the last fifty years. Berlin 1932, vol. 2, p. 1038.
- Emmy Klieneberger-Nobel : Professor Max Neisser for a hundred years. In: Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infectious Diseases and Hygiene. 1. Abt./Originale, Vol. 215 (1970), pp. 279-285.
- Max Neisser. In: Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infectious Diseases and Hygiene. 1. Abt./Referate, Vol. 224 (1971), pp. 792-800.
- Heinz Sturm-Godramstein: Jews in Königstein. Life, meaning, destinies. Königstein im Taunus 1983.
- Eberhard J. Wormer : Neisser, Max. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-428-00200-8 , p. 52 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Hans-Otto Schembs , Arno Lustiger (ed.): Charles Hallgarten. Life and work of a Frankfurt social reformer and philanthropist. With contributions by Jens Friedemann , Arno Lustiger, Hans-Otto Schembs and Ulrich Stascheit and a foreword by Klaus Töpfer . Societäts-Verlag, Frankfurt 2003, ISBN 3-7973-0850-7 .
- Udo Benzenhöfer : The University Medicine in Frankfurt am Main from 1914 to 2014. Kontur, Münster 2014, p. 55 f.
Web links
- Literature by and about Max Neisser in the catalog of the German National Library
- The Neisser family in the finding aid of the John R. Richter Collection Leo Baeck Institute NY (Max N .: 23/157 and 13/12, 13/13)
- Neisser, Max. Hessian biography. (As of March 23, 2020). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- Neisser, Max in the Frankfurt personal dictionary
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Neisser, Max |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Neisser, Maximilian (full name) |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German bacteriologist and hygienist |
DATE OF BIRTH | June 19, 1869 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Liegnitz , Silesia |
DATE OF DEATH | February 25, 1938 |
Place of death | Frankfurt am Main |