Max Rüdenberg
Max Rüdenberg (born April 9, 1863 in Bad Oeynhausen ; died September 26, 1942 in the Theresienstadt concentration camp ) was a German bed feather manufacturer, local politician, art collector and victim of the Holocaust .
Life
family
Max Rüdenberg came from a Jewish family . He was the grandson of Marcus Rüdenberg , son of Gustav Rüdenberg , nephew of the bed spring manufacturer Georg Rüdenberg from Wülfel and the cousin of the businessman Gustav Rüdenberg and the electrical engineer Reinhold Rüdenberg .
In 1899 Max Rüdenberg married Margarethe Grünberg .
Career
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/1942-09-26_Vordruck_Ghetto_Theresienstadt%2C_Der_%C3%84ltestenrat%2C_Todesfallanzeige%2C_ausgef%C3%BCllt_f%C3%BCr_das_Opfer_Max_R%C3%BCdenberg%2C_Institut_Theresienst%C3%A4dter_Initiative%2C_Institut_Terez%C3%ADnsk%C3%A9_iniciativi.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Gedenkstein_den_Eltern_Max_R%C3%BCdenberg_und_Margarete%2C_J%C3%BCdischer_Friedhof_An_der_Strangriede%2C_Hannover.jpg/220px-Gedenkstein_den_Eltern_Max_R%C3%BCdenberg_und_Margarete%2C_J%C3%BCdischer_Friedhof_An_der_Strangriede%2C_Hannover.jpg)
Born in Bad Oeynhausen, the merchant's son Max Rüdenberg first became a partner in his uncle Georg's bed spring factory in 1889 , and later became sole owner. After 1896 the factory was relocated from Wülfel to Limmer , where Rüdenberg was elected treasurer of the waiting school association Limmer in 1904 . The citizens of Linden elected Rüdenberg as their mayor in 1909 , a task that Max Rüdenberg carried out until the Weimar Republic in 1920. In the meantime he was one of the founding members of the Kestner Society in 1916 .
Rüdenberg's interest in East Asian art probably began on one of his trade trips to China , from where he imported raw materials for his bed spring factory. In 1920 he began to build up a collection, including works made of porcelain and ceramics, figures made of ivory , sculptures made of bronze and wood, and scrolls .
Also in 1920, after the unification of the previously independent industrial city of Linden with Hanover, Rüdenberg was elected to the council of citizens of the now enlarged city, a task that he fulfilled until 1924.
After the National Socialists seized power , the Rüdenbergs became victims of anti-Jewish actions: In the course of the so-called “ Aryanizations ”, the family lost their own house, factory and other assets in 1938. In 1941 Max Rüdenberg's China collection was first stored in the Kestner Museum , and in 1942 it was formally expropriated and divided up in favor of the city of Hanover and a few private individuals. In the same year, Max and his wife Margarethe were deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto on July 23, 1942 , where the couple died.
aftermath
- In the still young Federal Republic of Germany , the previously confiscated assets of the Max Rüdenberg family were restituted , and the city of Hanover also transferred the former looted art to the heirs .
- Deviating from this, however, there were differences in the watercolor marshland with red wind turbine by Karl Schmidt-Rottluff from 1922, whose previous owner was Max Rüdenberg and which came to the collection of the chocolate manufacturer Bernhard Sprengel and his wife Margrit via the art dealer Hildebrand Gurlitt and later as Foundation to the citizens of the Lower Saxony state capital and thus to the Sprengel Museum Hannover . On June 27, 2017 the watercolor was restituted and handed over to the heirs of the Rüdenbergs.
- Since 1994, the names and fates of Max and his wife Margarethe Rüdenberg have been engraved on one of the plaques on the memorial for the murdered Jews of Hanover near the opera house .
- In 2008, in memory of Max and Margarethe Rüdenberg, two stumbling blocks were laid in front of the property at Wunstorfer Straße 18 in the Hanover district of Limmer.
Married couple Rüdenberg-Weg
In 2010, the Limmer Urban Development Working Group asked the City Council of Hanover for a “name for the path along the Stichweh property to the Fosse and Leine in“ Ehepaar-Rüdenberg-Weg ”":
"The memory of the married couple Margarethe and Max Rüdenberg as Jewish victims of the Hitler dictatorship [should] be [preserved] with such a name."
The resolution proposal from the intergroup "Application acc. § 10 of the rules of procedure of the council in the meeting of the district council Linden-Limmer on September 29, 2010 "to the district mayor Barbara Knoke by the district council Linden-Limmer read:" The way that the Franz-Nause-Straße over the Wunstorfer Straße to the foot and extended to the leash, was given the name »Ehepaar-Rüdenberg-Weg« - and was then withdrawn.
Margarethe-and-Max-Rüdenberg-Platz
On May 10, 2017, application 15-1259 / 2017 was granted to dedicate the previously unnamed space between Velvetstrasse and Pfarrlandstrasse to the Rüdenberg couple. The original application was to be named "Ehepaar-Rüdenberg-Platz". This application was modified to avoid confusion with the Rüdenbergweg in the Seelhorst district . The inauguration of Margarethe-und-Max-Rüdenberg-Platz took place in the presence of the descendants on September 22, 2017.
See also
Media coverage (selection)
- Karin Hurrle (Red.): The city of Hanover refuses to restore private art / grandchildren are demanding the return of the valuable watercolor by Karl Schmidt-Rottluff (from the Sprengel Museum Hanover ), online on the News Regional page from October 1, 2013
literature
- Memorial book. Victims of the persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist tyranny in Germany 1933-1945 , Federal Archives, Koblenz 2nd edition 2006.
- Marlis Buchholz: The Hanoverian Jewish houses. On the situation of the Jews in the period of ghettoization and persecution from 1941 to 1945 , in the series sources and representations on the history of Lower Saxony , vol. 101, Hildesheim: Lax, 1987, ISBN 3-7848-3501-5 , pp. 145–155
- Vanessa-Maria Voigt: The fate of the Max Rüdenberg collection in Hanover. In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter , New Series 60 (2006), pp. 83–90
- Dirk Ihle, Michael Pechel (Red.): Stolpersteine / Max Rüdenberg ... Margarethe Rüdenberg, b. Grünberg on the page erinnerungundzukunft.de from the network remembrance + future in the Hanover region, ed. from the Ahlem Memorial Association, [o. D.] last accessed on March 14, 2013
- NN : Stadtarchiv Hannover Stolpersteine / 2008 / Brief information Married couple Rüdenberg Wunstorfer Str. 16 A (stone moved to level 18) on the page erinnerungundzukunft.de with a description of the stumbling stones, photos of the Rüdenberg couple and a short chronicle , last accessed on 14 . March 2013
- Regine Dehnel (Ed.): Nazi looted property in libraries. Search, results, prospects. Third Hanover Symposium , on behalf of the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Library - Lower Saxony State Library, in the series Journal for Libraries and Bibliography: Special Volumes / Journal for Libraries and Bibliography, Special Volumes, Volume 9, Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann, 2008, ISBN 978 -3-465-03588-6 , pp. 208f .; partly online via Google books
- Peter Schulze : Rüdenberg, (2) Max. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 528.
- Johanna Di Blasi: Sprengel Museum / Experts meet on looted and looted art , article in the Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung on November 11, 2010, last accessed on March 14, 2013
Web links
- Jewish collectors and art dealers (victims of National Socialist persecution and expropriation) / Rüdenberg, Max on the lostart.de website of the German Lost Art Center
- Tereza Štěpková (Director) Max Rüdenberg on the website of the Institut Theresienstädter Initiative ( Institut Terezínské iniciativy ), last accessed on March 14, 2013
- Rüdenberg, Max (collection) ... Provenance features on the lostart.de page ofthe Magdeburg coordination office, last accessed on March 14, 2013
- Application No. 15-1867 / 2010: naming the path along the Stichweh property to the Fosse and Leine in "Ehepaar-Rüdenberg-Weg" , withdrawn application from September 10, 2010 on the e-government.hannover-stadt.de page, most recently accessed on March 14, 2013
- Horst Bohne: Bettfedernfabrik Max Rüdenberg on the website Lebensraum-linden.de , last accessed on March 14, 2013
- Andreas-Andrew Bornemann: Stolpersteine for Max and Margarethe Rüdenberg on the postkarten-archiv.de page , with 2 photos of the stumbling blocks, last accessed on March 14, 2013
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Peter Schulze: Rüdenberg, (2) Max. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 528
- ^ Klaus Mlynek : Linden. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 406ff.
- ↑ Karin Hurrle (Red.): The city of Hanover refuses to restitute private art / grandchildren demand the return of the valuable watercolor by Karl Schmidt-Rottluff , online on the News Regional page from October 1, 2013
- ↑ NN : Hildebrand Gurlitt: The man who hoarded the looted art on the page of the weekly newspaper Die Zeit on November 4, 2013, last accessed on October 23, 2016
- ^ Waldemar R. Röhrbein : Sprengel, (3) Bernhard. In: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 343f.
- ↑ Hanover restituted in FAZ of June 26, 2017, page 13
- ↑ Application No. 15-1867 / 2010. Retrieved May 22, 2019 .
- ↑ SIM - DS 15-0981 / 2017. Retrieved May 22, 2019 .
- ↑ Margarethe-und-Max-Rüdenberg-Platz inaugurated in Limmer | Messages from 2017 | Messages | Urban culture of remembrance | Culture of remembrance | Architecture & History | Culture & Leisure | Hannover.de | Home - hannover.de. Retrieved May 22, 2019 .
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Rüdenberg, Max |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German bed feather manufacturer, local politician, art collector and victim of the Holocaust |
DATE OF BIRTH | April 9, 1863 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Oeynhausen |
DATE OF DEATH | September 26, 1942 |
Place of death | Theresienstadt concentration camp |