Prickly poppy seeds
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Prickly poppy poppy ( Meconopsis horridula ) |
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The prickly poppy poppy ( Meconopsis horridula ) is a species of the genus poppy poppy ( Meconopsis ) within the poppy family (Papaveraceae).
Description and ecology
Indument
The indument , which is present on all above-ground parts of the plant , except on the petals and stamens, consists of sparsely to densely standing, prickly, stiff, 4 to 10 millimeters long, protruding, straw-colored to yellow-orange-colored bristles, which are usually purple to purple in the case of flower buds and capsule fruits almost black, somewhat thickened base.
Appearance
The prickly poppy poppy is a deciduous, monocarpic , herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 5 to 39 centimeters. It often grows in height until the fruit is ripe and is then often much higher than 30 centimeters. It takes two or more years to form flowers and seeds and then dies. A strong, thickened taproot serves as a storage organ , which is up to 20 centimeters in length or longer and at the tip of the growth with a diameter of 10 to 20 millimeters is pencil-shaped. Only one bud can be seen above ground during winter. The plant produces yellow milky sap . The stem has a diameter of 6 to 15 millimeters at its base.
Foliage leaf
It is only in undergraduate rosettes arranged leaves present, which are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The leaf stalk is 0.7 to 7.4, rarely up to 11 inches long. The simple leaf blade is 3.2 to 15.9 centimeters long and 1.2 to 6.2 centimeters wide, lanceolate, obscure-lanceolate or elliptically elongated and narrows towards the base of the blade with a more or less pointed, rarely almost rounded top. The leaf margin is entire, somewhat wavy or lobed to irregularly serrated. At the end of each growing season, the leaves wither. There are no stipules .
Inflorescence and flowers
6 to 18 flowers each stand individually on upright or bent back, 10 to 27 centimeters long inflorescence shafts, or the flowers stand together in a racemose inflorescence, which is formed from partially interconnected, green to purple-colored inflorescence shafts, then up to 29 flowers. The nodding flower buds are spherical with a diameter of 8 to 12 millimeters.
The hermaphrodite flower is radially symmetrical with a double flower envelope . The two sepals fall off quickly after opening the flower bud and have bristles on the underside. The mostly six (five to ten) free petals are obovate, more or less wide, with a length of 2.1 to 4.6 centimeters and a width of 1.5 to 3.0 centimeters. The petals are light purple, light to sky to dark blue, sometimes burgundy, rarely white, often pink at their base. There are many stamens present. The filamentous filaments with a length of 10 to 14 millimeters are dark purple in color (often the same color as the petals), often they turn pink towards their base. The yellow or orange-yellow anthers are elongated with a length of 1.5 to 2 millimeters. Five to eight carpels are an upper continuous, single-chamber, conical ovary adherent, which is tightly covered with the pressed-up ascending bristles. The squat with a length 2-9 mm stylus is green to reddish and the stamens surmounted something. The whitish to yellow scar is linear or head-shaped and five- to eight-lobed.
Fruit and seeds
The capsule fruit , moderately to densely covered with thick, protruding bristles, is single-fan and contains many seeds. With a length of 8 to 18 millimeters and a width of 5 to 12 millimeters, the capsule fruit is obovate to ellipsoidally elongated, rarely broadly ovoid. When ripe, five to eight openings form in the upper third of the capsule fruit, through which the seeds are scattered in the wind. The kidney-shaped seeds have a grid-like, mosaic-like seed coat .
Phenology
In China, the flowering period extends from June to September. In Nepal, the flowering period extends from July to August and the fruits ripen from August to September.
Chromosome set
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 56.
Occurrence
The prickly poppy poppy ( Meconopsis horridula ) occurs in northeastern India ( Assam ), northern Myanmar , western Nepal , Bhutan , Sikkim , in southeastern Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of Qinghai , western Gansu and western Sichuan .
Meconopsis horridula thrives in China on grass slopes, scree , in rock ledges and stabilized moraine at altitudes of 3600 to 5400 meters. In Nepal, Meconopsis horridula thrives in crevices, rocky slopes and between boulders at altitudes of 3700 to 5300 meters.
Systematics
The first description of Meconopsis horridula took place in 1855 Joseph Dalton Hooker and Thomas Thomson in Flora Indica: being a systematic account of the plants ... , 1, page 252. synonyms for Meconopsis horridula Hook. f. & Thomson are: Meconopsis horridula var. Typica Prain nom. inval., Meconopsis racemosa Maxim. , Meconopsis prattii (Prain) Prain , Meconopsis sinuata var. Prattii Prain , Meconopsis rudis (Prain) Prain , Meconopsis horridula var. Rudis Prain .
By Chris Gray-Wilson 2014 belongs Meconopsis horridula to series racemosae from the section racemosae in the subgenus Cumminsia within the genus Meconopsis .
use
The prickly poppy is used as an ornamental plant in parks and gardens . It is frost hardy and does not tolerate high summer temperatures.
used under the name "a byag tsher sngon" in traditional Tibetan medicine . The ingredients and their effects were examined. Even in the traditional Chinese medicine is Meconopsis horridula used there多刺绿绒蒿"duo ci lu rong hao" called.
supporting documents
literature
- Paul A. Egan, Sangita Shrestha: Meconopsis horridula : Meconopsis. - Link to full text PDF. in Flora of Nepal , Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, 2012.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Meconopsis horridula in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved on Access = 2017-08-25.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Paul A. Egan, Sangita Shrestha: Meconopsis horridula : Meconopsis. - Link to full text PDF. in Flora of Nepal , Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, 2012.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Mingli Zhang, Christopher Gray-Wilson: Meconopsis. : Meconopsis horridula , p. 276 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 7 - Menispermaceae through Capparaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2008, ISBN 978-1-930723-81-8 .
- ↑ Meconopsis horridula at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Entry in the Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal .
- ↑ Joseph Dalton Hooker , Thomas Thomson : Flora Indica: being a systematic account of the plants ... , 1, 1855, page 252. scanned.
- ↑ Meconopsis horridula at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved August 25, 2017.
- ↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (therein page 568).
- ↑ J. Liu, H. Wu, F. Zheng, W. Liu, F. Feng, N. Xie: Chemical constituents of Meconopsis horridula and their simultaneous quantification by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. In: Journal of Separation Science , Volume 37, Issue 18, September 2014, pp. 2513-2522. doi : 10.1002 / jssc.201400379 Abstract.
- ↑ TCMID = Traditional Chinese Medicines Integrated Database .
further reading
- Fritz Köhlein: Poppy seeds and poppy seeds. Papaver, Meconopsis and other Papaveraceae. Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 2003. ISBN 3-8001-3921-9 .
- Christopher Gray-Wilson: Genus Meconopsis, The: Blue poppies and their relatives. , Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew - Botanical Magazine Monograph, October 14, 2014, ISBN 978-1-842463-69-7 .
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