Mehala

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Districts of Timisoara

The Mehala ( Romanian Mehala , Hungarian Mehála ) has been part of the V district in the northwest of the western Romanian city ​​of Timișoara since it was incorporated in 1910 .

geography

Coordinates: 45 ° 46 '  N , 21 ° 12'  O The municipality has an area of 204.68 ha These include the quarters. Zona Bucovinei , Zona Circumvalatiunii , RONAT , Zona Blaşcovici , Zona Matei Basarab and Zona Mircea Bătrân .
The population developed as follows:

  • 1850: 3,375
  • 1870: 4,621
  • 1890: 4,965
  • 1910: 8,792
  • 1956: 14,083

→ see also: Timișoara • Timiș County • Banat

history

Ottoman occupation

The Mehala is one of the oldest suburbs of the city and originated in the western part of the northern suburb of Great Palanka , but the exact age of the district is not known. Already under the rule of the Ottoman Empire from 1552 to 1716 the area was called Mehala , whereby the Turkish word Mahale means something like peripheral district or suburb . Mahale, in turn, is derived from the oriental Machalla . Other sources describe the Mehala as uninhabited until 1744.

After the Ottomans were driven out, the Timisoara fortress was expanded from 1716 to 1719 and protected by a fortress wall up to five meters high and several meters wide. The fortress gates were closed at nightfall. Coming from the west, the way to the fortress led over the Mehala. Travelers who missed the closing time had to spend the night in the suburbs and wait for daylight. So the first hostels, stables and farms gradually emerged in the Mehala. These slowly developed into competition for the established economies within the city walls.

In the first half of the 18th century, the fortress was surrounded by the ramified river course of the Little Temesch ( Bega ). The marshes and swamps on the western, southern and eastern flank of the fortress formed a natural protection. The slow flowing water and frequent flooding caused fish to remain on the mainland after the water level fell. The fish that died in this way then began to rot. The smell coming from the swamps was notorious. The adjacent meadows and forests of the Mehala were charged to a lesser extent of the marshes, where there was also the summer residence of the Ottoman pashas called Pasha fountain. Fountain of the Pasha or outdated written Baschabrun . The summer house is said to have been connected to the fortress by underground passages. In the vicinity of the residence there were stables and various stores.

Habsburg Monarchy

Mehala, Josephinische Landesaufnahme 1769–72

In the autumn of 1716 the tents of the imperial troops under the leadership of Prince Eugene of Savoy stood in what is now Mehala . After the city was taken, the residence was rebuilt and renamed the Presidential Garden, but it burned to the ground in 1849 and was never rebuilt. The ruins could be seen for a long time along the Torontaler Landstrasse (Calea Torontalului). The farmers who settled later found coins and weapons in the fields of the Mehala for many years.

The first settlers of the Mehala were Wallachians and Serbs, collectively known as Raizen . When the new Timisoara fortress was built, the large palanka , which mostly consisted of huts, had to be demolished. The Orthodox Raizen were not allowed to settle in the fortress at that time. For them, the new settlement New Warosch (also Novaya Warosch ) was laid out near the Ottoman Mahale . The new village was an independent municipality, but it was under the patronage rights of Temeswars and was administered by its Raizian magistrate (town hall).

As early as 1716, the Mehala was assigned to the city of Timisoara and was given the name New Town . Around 1770 it was called Mihalla . The first settlers of the Mehala were Wallachians and Serbs , collectively known as Raizen . The Great Palanka , which mostly consisted of huts, had to be demolished when the new fortress was built. The Orthodox Raizen were not allowed to settle in the fortress at that time. Near the old Ottoman Mahale the new settlement was for her New Warosch ( Novaya Warosch ) created; an independent municipality, which was under the patronage rights of Timisoara and which was administered by the Raiz magistrate (also town hall ). The first Germans settled in New Warosch in 1786 . From 1800 the number of Germans rose steadily due to immigration from the neighboring communities of mainly craftsmen and farmers in search of arable land.

In 1781 it was spun off as a district and subordinated to the administration of Temes County as an independent place under the name Mehala . As a result, there were protracted legal disputes about the ownership of land.

In 1848 Temeswar's right of patronage over New Warosch ended , which was elevated to an independent municipality with its own administration in 1850. The village was already released for auction by the Hungarian parliament in Bratislava ( German  Pressburg ) in 1830 . In 1876 Neu-Warosch was raised to a large municipality. No buyer could be found for the place until 1900, so it was attached to the workers' colonies of Ronaț , Anheuer and Blaşcovici . The large community that grew in this way, now with around 9,000 inhabitants, was incorporated into the fifth district by a resolution of the city council on March 29, 1909, as of January 1, 1910. After the incorporation, it was called Ferencváros ( Franzstadt ) or Ferenckülváros ( Franzvorstadt ) for a few years , analogous to the Budapest district of the same name . In the interwar period , the district was temporarily renamed Principe Mihai ( German Prince Michael ). It was named after the Romanian Crown Prince and later King Michael I. 

In 1923 the Mehala was finally connected to the Timișoara tram network, since then line 4 has connected the Piața Avram Iancu with the central Piața Libertății in the inner city.

post war period

Between the old city limits of Timisoara, today's Cetate , and the Mehala there was an undeveloped stretch of land and green belt until 1964. After that, a milk factory and various prefabricated buildings south of Strada Gheorghe Lazăr were built here, and the new residential area Circumvalațiunii was built . A pond serving as a natural rainwater reservoir, the Balta Verde , was used for ice skating in winter, but was then filled up and built on, as was a meadow in the north, a former military training area . Many old houses fell victim to the expanding new building district by the end of the 1980s.

In 1968 the tram was supplemented by a second electric means of transport, the Timișoara ( firobuz ) trolleybus . The new trolleybus line 13 ran from 1968 initially to Bulevardul Cetății, from 1970 then parallel to the tram to Piața Avram Iancu and finally from 1978 to Strada Grigore Alexandrescu on the western outskirts. On June 21, 2006, however, they switched to conventional bus operation .

→ see also: History of Timisoara

Churches

There are three churches at Piața Avram Iancu :

  • Romanian Orthodox Church of the Resurrection, 1964

  • Roman Catholic Church of St. Mary, 1976

  • Serbian Orthodox Nicolai Church, 1916

schools

The result:

  • 1765 - the Wallachian or Romanian school
  • 1780 or 1794 - the German school
  • 1780 or 1793 - the Serbian school

literature

  • Dan N. Buruleanu, Florin Medeleț: Timișoara. The history of its cities . Editura Mirton, Timișoara 2004, ISBN 973-661-275-9 (Romanian: Timișoara. Povestea orașelor sale .).
  • Else von Schuster, illustrated by Lia Popescu: A tour of Timisoara . ADZ, 1996, ISBN 973-97541-3-9 .
  • Ladislaus Weifert: Weißkirchen family name . German-Hungarian Homeland Gazette, Volumes 1-2, 1929.

Web links

Commons : Mehala  - collection of images, videos and audio files
  • mehala.de , Georg Grega: History of Mehala.
  • banater-aktualitaet.de , Anton Zollner: The Mehala-er parish church. 1996.
  • dvhh.com , Donauschwaben Villages Helping Hands, Jody McKim: Franzstadt - Mehala - 5th Quarter of Temeschburg in Banat. in English

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ PrimariaTM.ro , Timișoara Mayor's Office: Geographical data
  2. ↑ a b Mihai Opriș : Timișoara - Arhitectura de-a lungul veacurilor. P. 208.
  3. ^ Hans-Heinrich Rieser: Timisoara: geographical description of the Banat capital (=  series of publications by the Institute for Danube Swabian History and Regional Studies . Volume 1 ). Franz Steiner Verlag, 1992, ISBN 3-7995-2501-7 , p. 100-101 .
  4. ↑ Caritas-Lipova.ro ( Memento of the original from October 1, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Caritas Lipova : study trips @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.caritas-lipova.ro
  5. ^ Mihai Opriș : Timișoara. Urbanisticã monograph. vol. I, Editura BrumaR, ISBN 978-973-602-245-6 .
  6. ^ Johannes Brudnjak, Rudolf Graef, Werner Kremm: The Romanian Banat. Travel guide to Southwest Romania. Austria Medien Service, Graz 1998, ISBN 3-85333-038-X .
  7. ↑ a b c d e f Mehala.de , Georg Grega: Geschichte Mehalas
  8. ↑ a b c d e f Banater-Aktualitaet.de ( Memento of the original from December 18, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Anton Zollner: The Mehala Parish Church , 1996. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.banater-aktualitaet.de
  9. ↑ according to the Josephinische Landesaufnahme
  10. ↑ a b c according to Dr. Weifert
  11. ↑ a b c d according to Florin Medeleț