Messerschmitt M22
Messerschmitt M22 | |
---|---|
Type: | Night chase and night scout aircraft |
Design country: | |
Manufacturer: | |
First flight: |
April 1930 |
Commissioning: |
- |
Production time: |
1929 |
Number of pieces: |
1 prototype |
The Messerschmitt M 22 was a German military aircraft designed by Bayerische Flugzeugwerke AG (BFW) at the end of the 1920s and at the same time the first multi-engine type developed by BFW.
history
The secret order to develop the M22 was issued by the Reichswehr in 1927 in order to be able to keep pace with technical developments abroad by at least building individual prototypes while circumventing the ban on the production of military aircraft issued by the victorious powers of the First World War . Although the company assumed a bomber aircraft , it had been commissioned by the Reichswehr Ministry under the designation Bf 22 as a "Najaku" (night hunting and reconnaissance aircraft). Although the design bore Willy Messerschmitt's name, this had no influence on the development of the M22. Rather, it was worked out by the design group, headed by Wenz , which was taken over when BFW merged with Udet Flugzeugbau . After construction of the prototype began in 1929 and was completed in the same year, it was subjected to extensive strength tests on the initiative of Julius Krauss, who is also a former Udet and now BFW employee, which was rather unusual for a BFW construction at the time is, but was probably due to the multi-engine design.
In April 1930 all tests were finished and the M22 took off on its maiden flight with the BFW works pilot Franz Sido . Shortly thereafter, at the Department took over 6 F WaPrüf of the Army Ordnance Office salaried pilots Eberhard Mohnike on behalf of the army further testing, but has already caused on May 6, 1930 a crash landing, which affects the right side of the plane with landing gear, engine design and structure in Pity drew. After the repair, which also included a reinforcement of the landing gear struts and engine suspensions and the addition of aerodynamic compensation surfaces to reduce the control pressures, the M22 completed a few flights on behalf of the German Aviation Research Institute (DVL) with its pilot Joachim von Köppen to obtain official approval .
On October 14, 1930, the acceptance by the Reichswehr Ministry should take place, for which Eberhard Mohnike was called in again for a planned half-hour flight. In the course of the M22 in the near the crashed airfield located Siebentischwald , where the pilot was killed. The investigation revealed the breakage of one of the two propellers, which brought the aircraft into an uncontrollable flight condition at low altitude, as the cause of the accident. According to two witnesses, the trigger was a looping flown by Mohnike, not provided for in the program , which led to excessive engine speeds , which probably overloaded the structure of the propeller.
construction
The M 22 was designed as a twin-engine, single-handled double - decker in a mixed construction, with the upper wing attached directly to the fuselage made of fabric-covered tubular steel framework. The pilot was in an open cabin in front of the upper wing, in front of which there was an open machine-gun stand in the bow. Another stand was in the back of the fuselage behind the wings. The fuel tanks were located inside the fuselage. The wings, which were braced in two levels, consisted of two-spar , plywood-clad wooden frames, with the upper and lower wings having the same span and depth, connected with I-posts and arranged in a slightly staggered manner. The two engines with three- blade propeller were located in two aerodynamically clad nacelles on struts between the wings. The horizontal stabilizer of the tail was braced towards the trunk, side and elevators to compensation areas were located. The rigid chassis consisted of the disk wheels attached to V-struts with oil-damped suspension without any axle connection and a spring-loaded grinding spur at the rear.
Technical specifications
Parameter | Data |
---|---|
crew | 3 |
length | 13.60 m |
span | 17 m |
height | 5.17 m |
Wing area | 63.2 m² |
Wing loading | 60 kg / m² |
Preparation mass | 2900 m |
Payload | 900 kg |
Max. Takeoff mass | 3800 kg |
Engines | 2 × Siemens Jupiter VIu with 530 PS (390 kW) each |
Top speed | 220 km / h near the ground |
Cruising speed | 185 km / h |
Landing speed | 90 km / h |
Rise time | 2:24 min at 1000 m altitude 8:30 min at 3000 m altitude |
Range | 500 km |
Service ceiling | 6200 m |
See also
literature
- Hans J. Ebert, Johann B. Kaiser, Klaus Peters: Willy Messerschmitt - pioneer of aviation and lightweight construction. In: German aviation. Volume 17, Bernard & Graefe, Bonn 1992, ISBN 3-7637-6103-9 .
- Manfred Griehl: Messerschmitt. Aircraft since 1925. In: Typenkompass. Motorbuch, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-613-02980-4 .
- Bruno Lange: Type manual of German aviation. Bernard & Graefe, Koblenz 1986, ISBN 3-7637-5284-6 . (German Aviation, Vol. 9)
- Helmut Stützer: The German military aircraft 1919–1934. Mittler, Herford 1984, ISBN 3-8132-0184-8
- AERO. Issue 113, p. 3159.