Moersbach

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Moersbach
Aumühle on the renatured Moersbach (2016)

Aumühle on the renatured Moersbach (2016)

Data
Water code EN : 2776
location North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany
River system Rhine
Drain over Rhine  → North Sea
source At Krefeld-Traar
muzzle At Ossenberg in the Rhine Coordinates: 51 ° 34 '39 "  N , 6 ° 35' 41"  E 51 ° 34 '39 "  N , 6 ° 35' 41"  E
Mouth height approx.  15  m above sea level NN

length 29.3 km
Catchment area 158.6 km²
Drain NNQ (1997-10-10)
 1.929 m³ / s
Left tributaries various drainage ditches
Right tributaries various drainage ditches
Flowing lakes Bettenkamper Meer, Repeler Meer
Communities Krefeld-Traar , Moers , Rumeln-Kaldenhausen , Neukirchen-Vluyn and Rheinberg

The Moersbach , called the Moers Canal on the upper reaches , is a small river in the Wesel district in North Rhine-Westphalia . The stream lies on the left Lower Rhine and begins in Krefeld-Traar . It flows through the urban area of Moers from south to north and flows into the Rhine near Rheinberg in the district of Ossenberg . In the course of its almost 30 km length, the Moersbach has inflow from many small drainage streams, mostly designated with "X-ditches" and is the receiving water for an approximately 160 km² large landscape area.

Names

In old documents different names for the Moersbach were in use. In 1668 the Moersbach was named in a protocol for a border inspection at "Stromeurs Kendel " or also for the area north from Strommoers "the Vloet". In documents from the end of the 18th century, the brook was called "Meurse", the latter, however, with the note that Kendel was common in everyday language. From the middle of the 19th century the name "Moersbach", which is common today, was officially used.

Stream course and tributaries

In the following, only the larger and more important tributaries are listed, which in turn are connected with further "trenches". The stream begins in Traar and the inflow of the bush trench there. The Ophülsgraben and the Neukirchner Flutgraben flow into the upper reaches on the left. The tributaries of the Hülsdonker Flutgraben follow the middle course, and the Aubruch Canal on the left and right. The latter drains the areas around the Mühlenwinkel and Rumeln-Kaldenhausen . In the area of ​​the old town of Moers, the Moersbach flows through still existing fortress waters, called Stadtgraben, and then as a further tributary follows the moat of the Utforter lowlands on the right. The left-hand tributaries of the Anrath Canal and Fossa Eugeniana lie on the lower reaches .

history

Map from 1645

In the Middle Ages up to the first centuries of modern times, the Moersbach carried more water than it does now and was accordingly significantly wider. The brook area in the area of Strommoers was also referred to in old writings as "Stromeuser Meer". Another indication of this is a “City Council Protocol” of the municipality of Rheinberg from 1646. In it the commander of “Tourreinischen and Weymarian troops” was requested to repair the destroyed bridge over the brook near Strommoers. Furthermore, the waters called Kendel at that time were rich in fish. Back then, the citizens of Rheinberg claimed the right to fish as far as “Stromeurs” (Strommoers). In 1683 there was a judicial judgment regarding this claim in which some citizens were prohibited from fishing.

A blue map from 1645 with the Fossa Eugenia gives an impression of the historical course and the formation of the brook course with the Repelner as well as the Strommoerser Meer, which at that time were still enlarged like a lake . This drawing also shows the absence of the additional breakthrough for the Moersbach east of Repelen, which was created later . Only the creek loop that is still in place and which first runs eastwards from Repelen is shown.

Hydrogeology

Former pumping station in Rheinkamp-Mitte (Meerfeld) on the "Repelener Meer"

The area through which the Moersbach flows belongs to the area of ​​the Lower Rhine , which has been formed by the Rhine and the ice during the Ice Age for millions of years . The course of the Rhine had frequently changed its course in a meandering shape until modern times and the remains of old Rhine arms are visible in many parts of the area. The circular course of the Moersbach and many of its tributaries over the drainage ditches are typical and consequence of the meandering shaped former arms of the Rhine. Some of the trenches only carry water during periods of heavy rainfall. Since the area was settled with people, it has often changed the course of the flowing water through hydraulic engineering measures and thus also intervened in the course of the Moersbach.

Considerable changes in the drainage of the areas in the greater Moers area with Kamp-Lintfort and Rheinberg have been caused by coal mining and the subsidence it has caused since the beginning of the 20th century . A rise in the groundwater in the now lower lying areas had to be prevented, since otherwise these areas would become swampy or lakes would form from groundwater on the land. The groundwater level is permanently lowered by pumping out and the resulting water flows into the trenches and into the Moersbach. Furthermore, a natural drainage of the surface water is no longer possible in many local areas due to this lowering of the ground and further drainage can only be ensured by additional pumping.

The pumping stations required for this are usually located at the lowest points in the terrain. In order to prevent the stream beds from falling back dry from the pumping out points, part of the pumped water is returned to an upper area of ​​the stream bed. For the discharge of surface water from the drainage area, 19 pumping stations, officially known as receiving water pumping systems or “PAV” for short, have been built over the entire area. With the exception of two stations that feed into the Moersbach via somewhat longer pump pressure lines, these stations are located directly in the area of ​​the inflow ditches and the Moersbach.

The performance of the pumping stations is adapted to the amount of water at the respective installation location and must be able to handle both the average amount of water and the significantly higher amounts during flooding. The data for three of these stations are given below as examples. A smaller pumping station is the one for the Obhülsgraben with an output of MQ = 0.072 m³ / s and HQ 100 = 0.62 m³ / s. A pumping station for the Moersbach on the middle course is the one north of the "Repelner Meer" (An der Schneckull). The data for this station are MQ = 0.251 m³ / s and HQ 100 = 7.0 m³ / s. The flood pumping station on the Altrhein in Ossenberg has the greatest output, as it has to ensure that all the water from the drainage area flows over the Moersbach when the Rhine floods. The data of this station at the junction are MQ = 1.929 m³ / s and HQ 100 = 9.9 m³ / s. The installed pump capacity is accordingly 10.0 m³ / s.

LINEG

In order to stabilize the groundwater level despite subsidence due to coal mining at its original natural level and to ensure the safe drainage of surface water , the Upper President of the Rhine Province and the Royal Mining Authority in Bonn set up a cooperative at the beginning of the 20th century . On April 29, 1913, it was founded as the Left Lower Rhine Drainage Cooperative , or LINEG for short . The various pumping stations (PAV) for pumping groundwater and draining surface water over the Moersbach have been and are being built, operated and maintained by this cooperative ever since . In addition to the receiving water pumping systems, there are two inflow pumping stations on the lower reaches of the Moersbach. These convey the water from the Anrath Canal and the Fossa Eugeniana into the Moersbach. The two tributaries drain the areas of these two streams and do not belong to the core of the drainage area of ​​the Moersbach. The total amount for 2010, which totaled 49.8 million m³, provides an impression of the volume of water pumped out by the LINEG pumping stations. These annual amounts are more strongly influenced by the fluctuations in the amount of precipitation in the individual years. In 2010, for example, the total volume was 6.8 million m³ higher than in 2009, which had less rainfall overall and was therefore “drier”.

In accordance with the EU WFD Directive , which came into force in 2000 and contains specifications for the protection of all surface water and groundwater, taking into account the conditions for flora and fauna , these must be implemented and complied with if possible from 2015 but no later than 2027. LINEG is responsible for the implementation of this guideline in its association area with 382 km of water. For the areas of the Moersbach a special concept for near-natural development was developed. Already in 1997 the Moersbach began to be redesigned in a natural way. The EU directive is also gradually being put into practice. The main criteria for the stream are: the ecological formation of the bank areas, weir removal where possible, route planning and execution as well as natural planting. A typical example of correcting a “sin of the past” is the “breakthrough” of the loop from Moersbach east of Repelen . This led in the manner of a canal and with protective dams on both sides straight to the north of the Verbandsstraße into the old creek bed. The artificially created streambed with the banks has since been naturally redesigned and most of the poplars on the bank, which were also mostly infested with red rot, were felled and replaced with trees and bushes that are customary for the location.

Web links

proof

  1. ↑ a b Erlaeuterungsbericht_Moersbach ( Memento of the original from February 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.brd.nrw.de
  2. ↑ a b District government Düsseldorf, short report. In: Moersbach floodplain and tributaries . Dec. 2010, p. 2. Online PDF file
  3. ^ In: Annals of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine . 1883, issue 39, pp. [16 + 19 + 80] 6 + 9 + 70. Online version
  4. ^ In: Official Gazette for the Düsseldorf administrative region . 1859, No. 03, p. [1523] 719. Online version
  5. ^ District government Düsseldorf, short report. In: Moersbach floodplain and tributaries . Dec. 2010, p. 4. Online PDF file
  6. ^ In: Annals of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine . 1883, issue 39, p. [16] 6. Online version
  7. ^ In: Annals of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine . 1883, issue 39, p. [87] 77. Online version
  8. ^ In: Annals of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine . 1883, issue 39, p. [89] 79. Online version
  9. ^ District government Düsseldorf, short report. In: Moersbach floodplain and tributaries . December 2010, p. 5. Online PDF file
  10. ↑ a b District government Düsseldorf, short report. In: Moersbach floodplain and tributaries . December 2010, p. 8. Online PDF file
  11. ↑ Internet link LINEG. In: Chapter: We about Us, section History .
  12. ↑ Internet link LINEG. In: Chapter: Hydrology, Section Water Management, Title Flowing Waters / Rhine .
  13. ↑ LINEG brochure on the concept of landscape management. Pp. 1-14.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Under the GWKZ 2776 a total length of 30.379 km is stated, while for the Moersbach area of ​​validity the 29.27 km are stated. The longer value still includes the area from the flood pumping station to the mouth of the Rhine.
  2. ↑ After the construction of this pumping station on Moersbach, there were further subsidence in the area of ​​the station, which means that it was in the wrong, too high place. It was therefore closed and replaced by a new pumping station 2 km down the stream at a lower point (in the street An der Schneckull).
  3. ↑ MQ is the average and HQ 100 is the amount of water that would be expected in a period of one hundred years in the event of an extreme flood.