Repelen (Rheinkamp)

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Repelen
City of Moers
Coordinates: 51 ° 29 ′ 23 ″  N , 6 ° 36 ′ 6 ″  E
Height : 20  (17-22)  m above sea level NN
Area : 4.07 km²
Residents : 11,020  (Dec. 31, 2014)
Population density : 2,708 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st January 1975
Postal code : 47445
Area code : 02841
Repelen (North Rhine-Westphalia)
Repelen

Location of Repelen in North Rhine-Westphalia
Residential areas of Moers; Repelen is located in the north-western area of ​​Moers

Repelen is one of the nine districts of the Rheinkamp district in Moers . With a population of 11,020 - as of December 31, 2014 - it has most of the residents of the district.

Spatial location

Repelen is located in the north-western area of ​​Moers. The place is essentially almost completely surrounded by other districts of Rheinkamps, namely: Kohlenhuck , Bornheim , Rheinkamp-Mitte (Meerfeld) and Genend . Only in the west does a small area of ​​the local border border the town of Kamp-Lintfort . Like Moers, Repelen was located on a water-bearing arm of the Rhine in the Middle Ages, which the Rhine current no longer flowed through when the Rhine was shifted to the east and whose geographical trace can be found today as Moersbach with the Repelner Sea . The settlement of Muspasch and the village of Rheim belonged to the Repelen residential area. After mining began, the large settlement of Repelen was built to the southwest as a miners' settlement.

history

Protestant village church

From the beginning of human settlement in the direct local area of ​​Repelen, almost no finds exist on the Left Lower Rhine until Roman times. A clay vessel from the Late Iron Age has only been found near the Moersbach on the Repeler Meer . From Roman times, from around the 2nd to 3rd century AD, various graves of Romans or Germanic peoples with different objects were found in Repelen in the area of ​​the Pattberg colliery as well as in Kohlenhuck (partly near the Schenkschen Hof) Bones or burn bones (from burn graves), ceramics and coins discovered and excavated.

At the latest after the end of Roman times , the area around Repelen must have been more heavily populated by the Franks. To the north-west of today's place of residence Eick-West, which pastorally belonged to the parish Repelen until modern times, a larger Franconian cemetery from the mid-6th to mid-7th century AD was built near the border with Repelen. found. This is a clear indication of the increased settlement of the area between Repelen and Eick at this time.

Furthermore, today's Protestant village church Repelen is one of the oldest churches in the Rhineland and its first forerunner, a small chapel, is said to have been built around 700 AD. For the Repelen area, it is assumed that the Echternach monastery could already have had 726 benefices and 855/56 property. Due to the church and the associated parish, Repelen was the central location for the adjacent areas with farms. The oldest documents therefore come from church records.

In 1122, when the Altenkamp Abbey was founded by Archbishop Friedrich I of Cologne , Repelen is mentioned in the founding document. At that time, the parish Repelen belonged to the patronage of Altenkamp Abbey. The church in Repelen is mentioned for the first time in writing as "ecclesia in Replere" in a document from 1176. In this document, income from the benefices of the church was given by the Archbishop of Cologne, Philipp von Heinsberg , who at that time was the distressed winery of the Xanten monastery.

In another document, the parish church in Replar (Repelen) was specified for 1176 with the note that the church in Berke (Rheinberg) was a branch. This temporary affiliation to the Rheinberg parish is controversial and probably wrong. In the Middle Ages, Repelen was one of the 55 parishes in the Decanat Xanten. According to the land register for the late 13th century of the Xantener Viktorstift, the monastery received the tithe from the parish Repelen at this time . Both the parish Repelen and Rheinberg were pastored by the Camp monastery .

In a document from the Middle Ages , a manor owner at the time, Alexander von Repelen, sells a hoof to Camp Abbey in 1226 . In this document, Count Theoderich von Moers certifies that the "Abtei Camp" in Rheydt has acquired a property. Another former manor under the influence of Repelen is that of the noble lords of Eyck . In 1323 Georg von Eyk bought the Terwingen estate in a document . For 1624 the number of 30 to 40 farmsteads is given for the church village Repelen.

Repelen belonged to the area of ​​the County of Moers . An early indication that the Counts of Moers also owned land in the area of ​​Repelen is a document from 1288. In this document, Friedrich von Moers overwrites an estate in the area of ​​Repelen (in the document the location is indicated as “Rinkampe”) Count Adolf V. von Berg and received this as a fief. The rest of the story from the end of the 13th century corresponds to the → history of the County of Moers.

The central function of Repelen for the surrounding smaller settlement areas remained unchanged until the beginning of the 20th century. After the end of the French annexation with the affiliation of the Rhineland to Prussia , the mayor's offices of Neukirchen and Vluyn were also temporarily managed by the mayor's office of Repelen.

At the beginning of the 1830s, the following dates are given for the mayor's office in Repelen without Neukirchen and Vluyn. In addition to the village of Repelen, there were 8 other farmers and 2 manors ( Haus Tervoort and Strommoers ) with a total of 219 houses and 1904 residents. In detail, the number of houses and residents without repel at this time was:

  • Genend with 29 houses and 248 people
  • Rheim with 24 houses and 162 people
  • Kohlhuck with 20 houses and 159 people
  • Moerserhuck (Graft) with 17 houses and 119 people
  • Rheinkamp with 23 houses and 204 people
  • Bornheim with 18 houses and 183 people
  • Utfort with 12 houses and 58 people and
  • Eyck with 8 houses and 54 people as well
  • the manor house Tervoort with 3 residential and farm buildings and 12 people and
  • the manor Strommoers with 1 residential building and 23 people.

In addition, the ninth peasantry “Niephauserfeld” with 19 houses and 157 people belonged to the mayor's office, although this was not mentioned in the manual.

Rheinpreußen colliery in Utfort, shaft 5/9 around 1959

In a listing for Repelen from 1901, the church village Repelen with the nine farmers listed above and the two estates belonged to the community unchanged. At this point in time, the population had risen to 2,377 people.

Late 19th century started on the left Niederrhein the coal industry . In the area of ​​the Mayor's Office Repelen in Utfort, shaft 5 of the Rheinpreußen colliery was constructed from 1900 and in the local area of ​​Repelen for the Rheinpreußen colliery the construction of shaft 6 followed from 1922. The previously purely rural infrastructure of the local areas therefore had to accommodate the new, additional industrial environment be adapted in a short time, u. a. by building settlement houses for those employed in mining, cf. , see settlement Repelen .

In order to be able to carry out the necessary changes more easily on a large scale, the previous independent mayor's offices Repelen and Baerl were combined in 1910 and the new community Repelen-Baerl was formed. In 1950 this community changed its name to Rheinkamp .

When the districts and municipalities in North Rhine-Westphalia were reorganized in 1975, the municipality of Rheinkamp was dissolved and divided. The part of the original community to which Repelen belonged became one of the three districts of Moers under the name Rheinkamp .

Repelen as a higher-level local administrative area is a thing of the past. In general, however, today's Rheinkamp district of Moers has a historical forerunner in terms of its area with the historic mayor's office Repelen. With the exception of Graft, all the farmers listed for 1830 belong to the current Rheinkamp district, only expanded to include the additional living areas of Baerler Busch and Meerbeck . In the area between the residential areas of Repelen, Eick and Utfort, the current residential area “Rheinkamp Mitte” was largely built on the former Repelen area. As a result, “Repelen Dorf” with the village church is no longer in the center, but in the eastern outskirts of Repelen.

dialect

In Repelen (as in the other districts of the former County of Moers ) "Grafschafter Platt" was spoken in a local expression. Until after the Second World War, “Platt” was the colloquial language of a broad section of the population - today only spoken and understood by a few people.

Repelen is located in the Lower Franconian dialect north of the so-called Benrath Line (with the maache-maake distinction), which separates southern Central Franconian (also called Ripuarian ) from northern Lower Franconian . Rheinkamp is also north of the Uerdinger dialect line , which comes from the Rhine and runs past Hüls via Kempen to Venlo. This Uerdinger line (also called ek-ech border) delimits the southern Lower Franconian (which is spoken e.g. in Uerdingen and Krefeld - Krieewelsch ) from the northern Lower Franconian , which is in the Krefeld district of Hüls (see Hölsch Plott ) and Kempen, and to the north in the greater Moers area, in the districts of Kleve and Wesel as well as Duisburg and Mülheim an der Ruhr .

The Grafschafter Platt showed a different expression in the individual districts that belonged to the former Rheinkamp, ​​so that, for example, Repelner, Baerler or Meerbecker Plattsprecher could definitely differ in their pronunciation. One of the most important features of the North Lower Franconian Grafschafter Platt is the pronunciation of the personal pronoun "I" as ek , while in the south of the Lower Rhine it is spoken as ech . The word “also” is pronounced differently, namely as “ook” in the north and as “ooch” in the south. The verb “have” is also pronounced differently: in Grafschafter Platt it says z. B. "ek häbb". Further south it says “ech han”. The miner's language has also left its mark on the local dialect. Many old Repelner know the saying of: "..but hate food bags on it!". (The term feed sack indicates that something “went wrong”. It comes from the time when pit horses were still working underground, which were immobilized with feed sacks (feed sacks) in “difficult conditions”.)

Even if the dialect is on the decline, Platt is cultivated at carnival , on dialect evenings and in clubs. There is a rich local vernacular literature. The books by

  • Georg Kreischer among others: Op Platt fell on opgeschrewen. 2001.
  • Gottfried Krach among others: Min Modersprok. Steiger Verlag, 1977.

The books are also considered a source of history and dialect:

  • Heinz Wilhelm Rosendahl, Heinz Peter Splittorf: Repelen - an ancient story. 2008.
  • Ernst Kelter: Chronicle of the community Rheinkamp. Steiger Verlag, Moers 1960.

Religions

Protestants

As already mentioned, the Protestant village church Repelen , probably founded around 700 AD, is one of the oldest churches in the Rhineland. After several enlargements, the original small chapel was converted into a Romanesque basilica in the 12th century and expanded to include the Gothic choir and the nave enlarged in the 14th century. As a parish in the county of Moers, Repelen changed to the Reformed faith in 1560. The previous Catholic Martinus Church remained as a Protestant village church, even after the Reformation, as the religious center for the entire area that belonged to the parish Repelen. After the membership for the County of Moers passed from the Orange to the Prussians after 1702, Gerhard Pauv , the pastor of the municipality of Repelen, was a staunch opponent of the change of power. His strict opposition meant that he was expelled on October 28, 1706 by Droste of the County of Kinsky and had to leave the county. After a fire in 1700, the Romanesque west tower made of tuff was demolished in 1787 and the current brick tower was built in 1792.

As already mentioned, the parish Repelen included large areas of the surrounding farmers and manors. According to the large extent of the parish, in a Xanten exploration book for around 1500 a total number for communicants of around 1000 is given. This would correspond to a population of around 1350 people. Bornheim, Eyck, Utfort and the manor "Haus Tervoort" were not part of the parish of Repelen from the end of the 18th century. These belonged to the parish of Moers.

Since the parish Repelen was also subject to the Evangelical Church Organization in Prussia , it became part of the Evangelical Uniate Church from 1817 . Since the Reformation, the inhabitants of the area were predominantly followers of the Protestant faith. A census around 1830 resulted in the area of ​​the mayor's office Repelen in 1753 Protestant and only 151 Catholic citizens.

Catholics

The relationship with predominantly Protestants in the Repelen area only changed after the beginning of the 20th century. With the coal mining on the Left Lower Rhine, there was a strong influx of immigrants, many of whom were Catholics. In the district of Moers, a Catholic rectorate community with an emergency church in Meerbeck was formed in 1909 for the new Catholics, which in 1913 became an independent parish. This was also responsible for the Repelen area. At Pentecost 1924, the first Catholic service was held in the village school in Repelen. This was followed in 1927 by the inauguration of a separate emergency church and the formation of the Rectorate Church in Repelen . On June 1, 1952, the parish of Repelen was formed and the inauguration of the Catholic Church of St. Martinus in Repelen followed in 1962 . After more than 440 years, Repelen had a Catholic church again.

Other beliefs

  • The congregation of the New Apostolic Church in Moers was divided in 1982. The new congregation in Repelen built its own church from 1989, which was consecrated on January 20, 1991 and renovated in 2011.
  • A mosque association was founded in 1979 for the immigrant Turks and other immigrants who belonged to the religion of Islam. A residential building in Repelen, acquired in 1987, was converted into the DİTİB mosque with a meeting and prayer room. In addition to this DITIB community, another mosque for Arab believers in Islam has now been opened in Repelen.

Jungbornpark

Access to the Jungbornpark

South of the old village church of Repelen am Repeler Meer is a park with a "barefoot facility" and other facilities. This park, called "Jungborn Park", became known nationwide as a spa area from the beginning of the 20th century. From 1894 to 1915 Pastor Emanuel Felke was the incumbent pastor at the Protestant village church. He was a staunch supporter of naturopathy and developed the Felke cure named after him and continued to use iridology for diagnostics . He convinced many supporters of naturopathy of the effectiveness of his healing methods.

With the support of the municipality, a company was founded in 1898 and a large area on the Repeler Meer was created as a spa park with 50 accommodations and two pavilions for reclining cures. The inauguration of the facility took place in 1898. As “textile-free” stay was standard in the facility, the implementation of the cures was officially forbidden for a short time in 1899 until high fences were erected as privacy screens. The general medical profession believed Felke and his methods to be charlatanism and brought several indictments to court. However, on all of these charges, Felke was acquitted.

Pastor Felke (right) in the consulting room

Despite this resistance, the facility in Jungbornpark was visited by many people from Germany and abroad to take cures. As a result, the village of Repelen developed into a successful health resort. With the beginning of the First World War , the Jungborn facility was converted into a military hospital and the health resort was interrupted. Felke also left Repelen in 1915 and moved to Sobernheim , where the main focus of his activities was relocated. After the end of the war, the spa business could not be continued as successfully as before the war. Due to the lower demand, the spa business was therefore terminated after a few years by the Jungborngesellschaft, the operator of the facility, and the company was dissolved in 1934.

After the Second World War , a "Felkeverein" was founded in 1957. With the support of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia , various parts of the park were renewed between 2006 and 2010 and inaugurated in sections on August 27, 2006 and May 2, 2010 and handed over to general use.

Infrastructure and economy

Infrastructure

Up until the 19th century, there were almost only dirt roads between the mostly scattered courtyards. For example, around 1816 the length of the paved overland roads outside the villages on the entire Lower Rhine was only about 13,350 routes (corresponds to 50.2 km). The historic Roman road , which lay east of the area around the village church, was the only more important overland road that ran in the vicinity of the church village Repelen.

With the start of coal mining and the formation of the entire municipality of Repelen-Baerl, it became necessary to lay connecting roads between the various former farmers and transport routes for industry. The Rathausallee was laid out on important streets as a connection with Utfort and the new town hall built there for the entire community and Linforter Straße as a central street for Repelen. The latter developed into the main shopping street with many shops and the market and became the new center of Repelen. At the borders of the denser development of Repelen, Kamper Straße and Verbandsstraße became important connecting roads to the surrounding area. For long-distance traffic, the nearby motorways A 57 for north-south traffic and the A 42 for connection to the east to the West German long- distance network are now available.

Muspasch settlement, Oststrasse

At the beginning of the 20th century a phase began in which more and more new buildings were being built in the village. The additional space requirement resulted from the visitors to the health resort. For this reason, new buildings were built, especially near the spa park and the village church, some of which are now under monument protection . With these new buildings, the supply and accommodation of the spa visitors was ensured. Towards the end of the 1920s there was a rapid increase in population in Repelen, as workers were needed to operate the mine in the local area. From the 1930s onwards, new settlements were created for these mine workers. The first construction phase for the Muspasch settlement began in 1927 . The Repelen settlement with 387 houses was built from 1930 to 1937 . After 1945, the development in the entire core area of ​​Repelen followed and in 1953 the second construction phase for the Muspasch settlement. In the 1960s a school, sports and cultural center was built in the Meerfeld area.

economy

Until the end of the 19th century, the majority of the residents in the Repelen mayor's area were only active in agriculture. When the production of textiles increased sharply in Krefeld from the middle of the 18th century, there were also some home workers in the mayor's office who produced linen, cotton and silk cloth for the larger textile companies that had emerged.

Buildings at Jungbornpark

In addition to the somewhat later industrial restructuring in the area of ​​the village of Repelen, there was a first development spurt in the last years of the 19th century. This affected the hospitality and service industry and led to the establishment of pensions and shops in the village of Repelen. This development was due to the already mentioned health resort.

Moers Mine Pattberg

As already mentioned, a new industrial base was established through coal mining on the Left Lower Rhine. In the area of ​​the Mayor's Office Repelen, mining began in 1900 in the Utfort district with the construction of shaft 5 of the Rheinpreußen colliery. From 1905 coal was extracted via this new shaft. In 1922, the Rheinpreußen colliery began construction of shaft 6 in Repelen, which was used to mine coal from 1927. In 1927 another shaft 7 was built in Repelen. These two shafts Rhine Prussia 6 and 7 were renamed in 1927 into shafts Pattberg 1/2 . Coal production was ended in Utfort in 1990 and in Repelen in 1993 and the aboveground shafts were largely demolished, apart from a few mine buildings. The former colliery site, which is now vacant again, is used for the settlement of new businesses.

Earning and employment in agriculture, which was prevalent until 1900, declined sharply with mining and related services. In the meantime, agriculture is practiced essentially only in the areas of the village that are north of the built-up areas of Repelen.

schools

There are the following schools in the Repelen district:

  • Rheinkamp grammar school on Kopernikus Strasse
  • Anne-Frank Comprehensive School on Kopernikus Strasse
  • Realschule am Jungbornpark on Storm Straße
  • Primary school Emanuel-Felke on Storm Straße
  • Repelen primary school on Johann-Steegmann-Allee
  • Meerfeld Rainbow School at "Behind the Acker"
  • Community elementary school on Talstrasse

Attractions

In the list of architectural monuments in Moers there are 17 architectural monuments for Repelen .

Web links

Commons : Repelen  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Online city portal Moers.
  2. ^ JH Mooren, in: The Archdiocese of Cologne up to the French State Change , 1893, Volume 2, p. [270] 248.
  3. ↑ Margret Wensky, in: Moers, The history of the city from the early days to the present , 2000, Volume 1, Böhlau Verlag, ISBN 3-412-04600-0 , p. 411/412.
  4. ↑ Margret Wensky, in: Moers, The history of the city from early times to the present , 2000, Volume 1, Böhlau Verlag, ISBN 3-412-04600-0 , pp. 59–61.
  5. ↑ Margret Wensky, in: Moers, The history of the city from the early days to the present , 2000, Volume 1, Böhlau Verlag, ISBN 3-412-04600-0 , p. 69.
  6. ↑ Hermann Hinz: The Franconian cemetery of Eick. 1969, pp. 56-63.
  7. ^ JH Mooren, in: The Archdiocese of Cologne to the French State Change , 1893, Volume 2, p. [670] 651.
  8. ↑ Margret Wensky, in: Moers, The history of the city from the early days to the present , 2000, Volume 1, Böhlau Verlag, ISBN 3-412-04600-0 , p. 128.
  9. ^ JH Mooren, in: The Archdiocese of Cologne to the French State Change , 1893, Volume 2, p. [278] 256.
  10. ↑ Margret Wensky, in: Moers, The history of the city from the early days to the present , 2000, Volume 1, Böhlau Verlag, ISBN 3-412-04600-0 , pp. 128/129.
  11. ^ JH Mooren, in: The Archdiocese of Cologne to the French Revolution , 1893, Volume 2, p. [457] 433.
  12. ↑ Lacomblet, Theodor Joseph, in: Urkundenbuch / Urkunde No. 138 , 1846, Volume 2, p. [112] 74. Digitized edition of the ULB Bonn
  13. ^ Carl Hirschberg, in: Geschichte der Grafschaft Moers , 1904, 2nd edition, p. [29] 33.
  14. ↑ Christoph Jacob Kremer, In: Academic contributions to Gülchberg history, in the CLXV document of the 7th Lenz month (March) 1288. 1781, p. [405] 186.
  15. ↑ a b Johann Georg von Viebahn, in: Statistics and Topography of the Administrative District of Düsseldorf, Part II , 1836, p. 107.
  16. ↑ a b Handbook, in: The Rhine Province of the Prussian Monarchy , 1834, Volume 1, Sixth Book, pp. [219 + 220] 161 + 162.
  17. ↑ Berenberg. In: Grosses Landes-Adressebuch . 1901, Hanover, p. [1190/2] 1116/8. Online version
  18. ↑ Martin Bünermann, Heinz Köstering: The communities and districts after the municipal territorial reform in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1975, ISBN 3-555-30092-X , p. 39 and 50 .
  19. ↑ Places to live in Moers
  20. ↑ Gottfried Krach: Min Modersprok. Steiger Verlag, Moers 1977, ISBN 3-921564-05-0 , p. 3 ff.
  21. ↑ Gottfried Krach: Min Modersprok. Steiger Verlag, Moers 1977, ISBN 3-921564-05-0 , p. 3 ff.
  22. ^ Rheinhausen mining terms. Archived from the original on January 2, 2011 ; accessed on January 1, 2013 .
  23. ↑ Rosendahl / Splittorf: Repelen - an ancient story. printmediapart, 2008, ISBN 978-3-00-024177-2 , p. 7 ff.
  24. ^ Ernst Kelter: Chronicle of the community Rheinkamp. Steiger Verlag, Moers 1960, ISBN 3-921564-13-1 , p. 5 ff.
  25. ^ Ernst von Schaumburg , in: King Friedrich I. and the Lower Rhine. 1879, p. [150] 200.
  26. ↑ Margret Wensky, in: Moers, The history of the city from the early days to the present , 2000, Volume 1, Böhlau Verlag, ISBN 3-412-04600-0 , p. 128.
  27. ↑ Margret Wensky, in: Moers, The history of the city from the early days to the present , 2000, Volume 1, Böhlau Verlag, ISBN 3-412-04600-0 , p. 129.
  28. ↑ Johann Georg von Viebahn, in: Statistics and Topography of the Government District Düsseldorf, Part I , 1836, p. 189.

Remarks

  1. ↑ A nobleman transfers a court in Repelen (also spelled “Reple” or “Replo (e)”) to the Echternach monastery in a document. That this Reple is identical to Repelen is now disputed. Some historians are of the opinion that “Reppel” is meant in North Brabant.
  2. ↑ Johann Georg von Viebahn in his book “Statistics and Topography of the Düsseldorf Government District” from 1836 on page 107 also lists the Niephauserfeld farmers with 19 houses and 157 people as belonging to the mayor's office.
  3. ↑ Rheinkamp grammar school and Anne-Frank comprehensive school are currently officially located in the Rheinkamp-Mitte residential area. Since this area previously belonged to the Repelen district, it was listed anyway.
  4. ↑ The Emanuel Felke School was relocated from the old location “Talstrasse” to Stormstrasse in the summer of 2011.