Meerbeck (Moers)

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Meerbeck
City of Moers
Coordinates: 51 ° 27 ′ 40 ″  N , 6 ° 39 ′ 2 ″  E
Height : 25  (22–28)  m above sea level NN
Area : 3.51 km²
Residents : 9157  (Dec. 31, 2015)
Population density : 2,609 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st January 1975
Postal code : 47443
Area code : 02841
Meerbeck (North Rhine-Westphalia)
Meerbeck

Location of Meerbeck in North Rhine-Westphalia

Meerbeck is a district (officially residential area ) of the Rheinkamp district in the east of Moers in the Wesel district in North Rhine-Westphalia .

Residential areas of Moers; Meerbeck is in the eastern part of Moers

location

The district borders in the north on Eick and the Baerler Busch , in the east on the districts Lohmannsheide, Gerdt and Uettelsheim of the Duisburg district Baerl , in the south on Hochstraß and Moers-Mitte and in the west on Utfort . The historic Roman road runs through the local area from south to north. The district is famous for its colony of miners .

history

(Merwyck) on a map (detail) engraved by Johannes Mercator in 1591

Verifiable traces of the at least temporary stay of people in the Meerbeck area have existed since the Neolithic . From this early period, a granite hammer ax was excavated on Galgenberg. Other finds come from the early and middle Iron Age . In the area of ​​the mine area Rheinpreußen Schacht 5/9, various flint debris and wall and edge fragments made of ceramic as well as an urn field with 30 to 40 burials and a complete urn grave were found at two sites. Another burial ground from the early Iron Age with a bone fire was on the Galgenberg. Settlement ceramics originated from Roman times in the 3rd century AD, and various fragments were found on the forest road.

For the district of Meerbeck, not many written reports are known for the Middle Ages and modern times, as only a few farms were established in this area. A farming community in Meerbeck was first mentioned before 1200 as "Merwig" or "Merewidt". Ecclesiastically, Meerbeck belonged to the parish of Baerl. Documents from 1470 documented the sale of a farm in Meerbeck and the subsequent award as a fief to Wilhelm de Holte .

In the map of Mercator from 1591 a hamlet "Merwyck" is drawn. In the 17th century it became "Merbidt", which means something like "Bay by the sea" and gave an indication of the location on the Rhine or the old Rhine arm .

Nothing significant changed in the rural settlement with a few farms until the beginning of the 19th century. In a study from 1836, Meerbeck was a hamlet with eight residential buildings, most of which belonged to farms, and 69 residents. The peasantry belonged with three other villages and three other hamlets to the collective community of the parish of Baerl . The mayor in Homberg co-administered the Sammtgemeinde. Little changed in the small peasant settlement of the Meerbeck area until the beginning of the 20th century. In 1901 the situation largely corresponded to the situation in 1834, and Meerbeck remained a small peasantry. Only when coal mining on the Lower Rhine also reached the current urban area of ​​Moers did significant changes begin.

Due to the coal mining in Hochstraß and Utfort at the beginning of the 20th century, the infrastructure in this area had to be adapted for industry and population growth. No colliery was built in Meerbeck, but the local area was between the two other villages and thus in the vicinity of the two mines.

The two municipalities Repelen and Baerl merged in 1910 to form the double municipality Repelen-Baerl, to which the Meerbeck area also belonged. The double community was renamed Rheinkamp in 1950 . As a result of a municipal reform in North Rhine-Westphalia on January 1, 1975, the previous municipalities were restructured. The Rheinkamp community was dissolved. The western area with Utfort was combined with Moers, while the eastern part was taken over by Duisburg. However, Meerbeck was not taken over by Duisburg, but part of Moers. On this occasion, the internal boundaries between the residential areas in Moers were also changed. The former eastern area of ​​Utfort from the Moers-Rheinberg railway line has belonged to Meerbeck since then.

Coal mining

In the middle of the 19th century, Franz Haniel founded a company for the construction of coal mines on the left Lower Rhine. In 1857 the sinking of shaft 1 in Homberg began. In 1875 the coal mining company Rheinpreußen began the coal mining at shaft 1. With the further expansion of coal mining, the sinking of shaft 4 of the coal mining company Rheinpreußen east of the

Moers-Zeche Rheinpreußen shaft 9, demolition of the winding tower

Roman road carried out in Hochstraß. At almost the same time, shaft 5 was also sunk in the Utfort area, which at that time belonged to the Repelen municipality and not Baerl. As in Hochstraß, a double headframe with the associated facilities and colliery buildings and a coking plant were built. Coal extraction through shaft 5 began in 1905.

In 1936, a Fischer-Tropsch plant for liquefying coal for the purpose of producing fuels for internal combustion engines was built next to the mine site. After 1945 the plant was converted to the production of liquid chemical products. The production facilities were sold by Rheinpreußen AG through DEA ​​(1959), Texaco (1970) to RWE-DEA (1989). Under this owner, their chemical activities were combined under "Condea" and sold in 2001 to the South African Sasol . In 2014, the latter sold the plant to Ineos as "Sasol Solvents" . The plant in Moers currently produces as one of their three production plants under "Ineos Solvents".

After the Second World War , the construction of shaft 9 for coal mining began in 1958, and from 1962 coal was extracted from it. At the same time, shaft 5 was replaced as a delivery shaft and now served as a weather and water holding shaft. In 1988, shaft 5 was closed and backfilled. In 1996, shaft 9 was also closed and backfilled in 2001. In 2003/4 the tower hoist system was dismantled. The construction of the Eurotec technology park on the former colliery site began around 2000 and the colliery buildings suitable for this purpose were converted and reused as necessary.

Meerbeck Colony

Meerbeck / Moers settlement

With the increased coal mining and the construction of new pits in Hochstraß and Utfort, the need for workers and employees for the operation and maintenance of the plants rose sharply. Together with their families, they needed sufficient living space in the immediate vicinity of the colliery. To meet this demand has been from 1903 in Hochheide the settlement Rheinpreußen created. For the locations of the new collieries in Hochstraß and Utfort, the first construction phase of the Meerbeck colliery settlement began in 1904 and was completed by 1907. The second phase was built in 1913, followed by a third in the 1950s. At the beginning of the 1970s, coal production had passed its peak, and the need for workers in the mines also fell through the modernization of the mining technology for coal. In order to avoid an undesirable deterioration in the building structure of the colliery houses, the city of Moers acquired part of the Meerbeck housing estate in 1980 and then carried out a thorough renovation. As a result, the Meerbeck settlement was preserved even after the end of the coal mining and the demolition of comparable settlements, which was partially carried out in other places, was avoided.

Attractions

In the list of architectural monuments in Moers, there are two architectural monuments for Meerbeck :

  • the Barbaraschule (Barbarastraße 10, 12)
  • the war memorial (Bismarckstrasse)

Web links

Commons : Meerbeck  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Moers - districts and residential areas. Retrieved August 15, 2015 .
  2. ↑ Wensky, Margret, in: Moers. The history of the city from the early days to the present . 2000, Böhlau Verlag, Cologne, Volume 1, pp. 406 + 414/6. ISBN 3-412-04600-0
  3. ↑ Wensky, Margret, in: Moers. The history of the city from the early days to the present . 2000, Böhlau Verlag, Cologne, Volume 1, p. 437. ISBN 3-412-04600-0
  4. ^ In: Annals of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine . 1891 + 1895, issue 51 + 66, pp. [149 + 457] 139 + 449. Online version
  5. ↑ The earliest mention of the Rheinkamp place names and their interpretation. Retrieved August 15, 2015 .
  6. ↑ Vierbahn, Johann Georg von. In: Statistics and topography of the Düsseldorf administrative district. Mayor's office Baerl . 1836, second part, p. 105.
  7. ↑ Berenberg. In: Grosses Landes-Adressebuch . 1901, Hannover, p. [1177] 1103. Online version
  8. ^ Ineos Solvents Germany GmbH

Remarks