Chapels (Moers)

Chapels City of Moers
Coordinates: 51 ° 24 ′ 56 "  N , 6 ° 35 ′ 50"  E
Height :	24 m
Area :	15.46 km²
Residents :	11,816  (Dec. 31, 2015)
Population density :	764 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	1st January 1975
Postal code :	47447
Area code :	02841
Location of chapels in North Rhine-Westphalia

Kapellen is both a district of Moers and, as Kapellen-Mitte, one of the six districts of this district in the Wesel district in North Rhine-Westphalia . In addition to Kapellen-Mitte, these are the districts of Bettenkamp, ​​Holderberg, Achterrathsfeld, Achterrathsheide and Vennikel (historically but predominantly the farming village of “Tirgrathsfeld”) (officially referred to as residential areas ).

From the formerly independent and typical Lower Rhine village of Kapellen with an agricultural character, which later became a colliery location, the place has changed through structural change into a growing district.

location

Residential places in Moers

Kapellen is located in the south of Moers-Hülsdonk and borders in the northwest on Neukirchen-Vluyn , in the west on Luit and Niep (both to Neukirchen-Vluyn). Traar joins in the south (to Krefeld ), Rumeln-Kaldenhausen (to Duisburg ) in the southeast and Moers-Vinn in the northeast .

Districts

Districts with population

Chapel center	4961
Achterathsfeld	2859
Achterathsheide	304
Bettenkamp	301
Holderberg	1218
Vennicle	2173

history

Development until 1914

Large areas in the area of ​​chapels originally belonged to the Reichshof Friemersheim , which was assigned to the Werden Abbey as a benefice around 806 . The small chapel "capella sancti lutgeri", which was dedicated to "Saint Ludgeri" and which is the forerunner of the current village church, was first mentioned in a document in 1301. This small chapel was probably first under the parish of Friemersheim, but since 1327/31 the parish of Neukirchen. Although there are written statements for 1417 and 1430 that indicate an independent parish, the church is expressly mentioned as a branch of Neukirchen as early as 1519.

The area with Friemersheim, Neukirchen-Vluyn and chapels became part of the County of Moers in 1399 and has since been controlled by the counts and later their legal successors. In the renewed enfeoffment of these areas from 1419 by the Abbot of Werden to Count Friedrich III. Moers expressly confirmed the patronage rights for the Ludgeri Chapel.

The rest of the story largely corresponds to that of the → Grafschaft Moers .

In the French era , after 1794 and under international law from 1801, Kapellen belonged to France as a Mairie (mayor's office) of the canton of Meurs (Moers) in the Département de la Roer . After the collapse of the French Empire in 1814, Kapellen again belonged to Prussia and from 1816 was briefly in the Rheinberg district and after 1823 a joint community in the Geldern district . Both the Moers Peace Court and the Mayor of Moers were responsible for the mayor's office of Kapellen at that time .

Around 1834, the following village hamlets, in addition to the church village Kapellen with 47 houses and 380 residents, belonged to the Kapellen community:

• Berg (29 houses + 278 people)
• Bettenkamp (20 houses + 118 people)
• Holderberg (4 houses + 34 people)
• Hülshorst (10 houses + 73 people)
• Pescherdick (5 houses + 46 people)
• Tirgrathsfeld (7 houses + 47 people) and
• Vennikel (29 houses + 231 people).

Beside these hamlets there was one more

• Watermill (1 house + 7 people) and
• the Rittersgut Lauerfort (1 castle + 18 people)

to the local administrative area. This area of ​​the historical commune remained unchanged until the second half of the 20th century.

The official establishment of the district of Moers followed on December 11, 1857. One of the 26 mayorships in this district was the mayor's office of Kapellen. Kapellen also survived the incorporation of 1906, when the northern neighboring communities Hülsdonk and Vinn were incorporated into Moers, as an independent community.

An address book from 1901 provides a more detailed overview of the chapel community at the beginning of the 20th century with the various peasant communities belonging to it. In this directory, in addition to the names of the districts, the number of residents and the connection were given for all areas that belonged to chapels to the railway network at that time and the responsible postal district. Below is the list:

After 1914

The predominantly agricultural structure in the area of ​​the mayor's office changed significantly less than in most of the neighboring communities until the Second World War . In contrast to the surrounding communities such as Rheinhausen, Neukirchen-Vluyn and Moers, where the first shafts of the coal mines were sunk before 1918, this was not the case in chapels until 1954. As a result, the area of ​​the mayor's office in Kapellen was significantly less affected by the political upheavals after the end of the empire and by the economic crisis around 1930 with high unemployment. While political street fights often took place in nearby Moers in the area of ​​Homberger Strasse and Meerbeck between 1921 and 1933, this was not the case here.

The data listed in the table below show that from the 1830s both in the church village of Kapellen and in the area of ​​the mayor's office until the end of the 1950s there was largely constant but relatively slow growth. After the completion of shaft 3 in the area of ​​Kapellen in 1957 for the coal mine of Niederrheinische Bergwerks AG, coal mining also came directly to Kapellen. The direct consequence of this shaft in chapels was a sharp increase in the population with increased house and apartment construction. After the end of mining, which began in Kapellen in 1985, there was a significant slowdown in development. Only in Kapellen-Mitte did the number of residents increase by almost 16% between 2000 and 2013, so that overall the district currently still has a slight increase in population.

year	Residential houses	Apartments	Residents middle	Residents of the district	Remarks
1834	0 47	0153 (houses)	0 380	0 1243	47 houses in the church village and a total of 153 houses in the area of ​​the mayor's office
1939	0 ---	0 ---	0 ---	0 2313	From 1939, no chapels are listed separately for residential houses for the church village
1946	0 ---	0 ---	0 ---	0 3005
1950	0 434	0 504	0 ---	0 ---
1956	0---	0 917	0 ---	0 3651
1961	01289	02230	0 ---	0 ---
1968	01746	03097	0 ---	0 ---
2000	0 ---	0 ---	0 4334	011,276
2013	0 ---	0 ---	0 5018	011,435	In all living areas, except for the middle, the number of residents fell between 6.1 and 9.4%. Only in Holderberg was there an almost constant number of inhabitants with a decline of only 1.1%
2015	0 ---	0 ---	0 4961	011,816	The number of residents is currently increasing again in most of the residential areas in the district.

Despite the industrial development, Kapellen remained independent as the central municipality until the end of the 1974s with the municipal reorganization in North Rhine-Westphalia . On January 1, 1975, both chapels and part of the Rheinkamp community were incorporated into the city of Moers as new districts. The extent of the area largely corresponded to that of the previous mayor's office. Only in the south were some areas of Vennikel with 306 inhabitants, who at that time lived on an area of ​​1.57 km², outsourced to Krefeld.

Kapellen, with currently 11,816 inhabitants, is a popular residential area for people who work in the state capital Düsseldorf, about 35 km away, and in the neighboring cities of Krefeld and Duisburg. The Lauersfort Forest , which adjoins the village in the southeast, as well as many farms characterize the image of the partly still agriculturally used district.

religion

Protestant church

The small chapel in chapels built in 1301 originally belonged to the parish of Friemersheim . After 1519 Kapellen became an independent parish that was also responsible for the smaller hamlets in the vicinity. In 1560 the entire county of Moers changed to the Reformed faith. This also took place in chapels under the then Vicar Aer . Although the county of Moers was actually neutral during the Thirty Years War , the local church was heavily devastated and damaged during this time. It was repaired again in 1657 and restored in 1861 and received its current shape. The village church in Kapellen remained the center of a Protestant community that also included the surrounding rural hamlets.

The number of Catholic Christians in chapels was very small until the beginning of the 20th century. In 1834, of the 380 inhabitants of the church village, only one was Catholic besides seven Jews. Even in the area of ​​the mayor's chapels, only 30 of the 1240 residents were Catholic. The few Catholics belonged to the parish of St. Georg in Moers. The only exceptions were the Catholic residents of the hamlets in Tigrathsfeld and Vennikel. These were affiliated with the Catholic community in Bockum . With coal mining and the increase in population, so did the number of Catholics. After the Second World War , a Catholic parish was set up again, for which a new church was built, again dedicated to St. Ludgeri was dedicated.

dialect

In Kapellen and Holderberg, Grafschafter Platt is spoken in a special local way. Until after the Second World War , Platt was the colloquial language of a broad section of the population - today only a few people speak and understand the old dialects. Kapellen is located in the Lower Franconian dialect area north of the so-called Benrath line (with the maache-maake distinction), which separates southern Central Franconian (also called Ripuarian ) from northern Lower Franconian. The place is also north of the Uerdinger dialect line , which comes from the Rhine and runs past Hüls via Kempen to Venlo. This Uerdingen line (also called ek-ech border) separates the southern Lower Franconian (which is spoken in Uerdingen and Krefeld - Krieewelsch ) from the northern Lower Franconian . North Lower Franconian is spoken in the Krefeld district of Hüls (see Hölsch Plott ) and Kempen, as well as north starting with chapels in the greater Moers area, in the districts of Kleve and Wesel as well as Dinslaken, Duisburg and Mülheim-Ruhr up to the foothills of the Bergisches Land. One of the most important features of North Lower Franconian is the pronunciation of the personal pronoun I as ek , while in the south of the Lower Rhine it is pronounced as ech . The verb have also been pronounced differently: in the room Kapellen one says z. B. ek häbb . Further south it's called ech han .

Even if the dialect is on the decline, Platt is cultivated at carnival, on dialect evenings and in clubs. There is also a local dialect literature. An example is the book by the Holderberg farmer Katharine Specht, who has since passed away, Maikirschen, from which the following passage comes:

Aldaach in't neie Joor

Öt neie Joor brooch al's Daach neien Erbet. Daages drop schnoof de Weent öm öt Huus, öt cut. The snow hops six ower the frozen Oondergroont un bleef. Op'e Täk fon'e Böüm looch opgehüp en dike wite Kaant ...

Attractions

The list of monuments in Moers includes five monuments for Kapellen-Mitte .

Individual evidence

1. ^ Moers - districts and residential areas. Retrieved August 15, 2015 . 
2. ↑ Population figures according to the city of Moers for chapels, as of December 31, 2015
3. ↑ ^{a b} Margret Wensky in: Moers The history of the city from the early days to the present. 2000, Verlag Böhlau, Cologne, Volume 1, ISBN 3-412-04600-0 , pp. 129-130.
4. ↑ ^{a b} Johann Georg von Viebahn in: Statistics and topography of the administrative district of Düsseldorf. Part II, 1836, p. 106.
5. ^ In: Official Gazette for the government district of Düsseldorf. 1857, No. 72, p. [862] 849, online version.
6. ↑ Berenberg. In: Grosses Landes-Adressebuch . 1901, Hannover, p. [1173/4] 1099/1100. Online version
7. ↑ Margret Wensky, in: Moers The history of the city from the early days to the present , 2000, Verlag Böhlau, Cologne, Volume 2, ISBN 3-412-04600-0 , p. 371.
8. ↑ Margret Wensky, in: Moers The history of the city from the early days to the present , 2000, Verlag Böhlau, Cologne, Volume 2, ISBN 3-412-04600-0 , pp. 450 + 487.
9. ↑ Margret Wensky, in: Moers The history of the city from the early days to the present , 2000, Verlag Böhlau, Cologne, Volume 2, ISBN 3-412-04600-0 , p. 310.
10. ↑ in: Data and facts in Moers .
11. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 296 .
12. ↑ Martin Bünermann, Heinz Köstering: The communities and districts after the municipal territorial reform in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1975, ISBN 3-555-30092-X , p. 40 .
13. ↑ Margret Wensky, in: Moers The history of the city from the early days to the present. 2000, Verlag Böhlau, Cologne, Volume 1, ISBN 3-412-04600-0 , p. 129.
14. ^ In: kirche-in-Kapellen , section: historical. Online version
15. ^ Johann Georg von Viebahn, in: Statistics and Topography of the Government District of Düsseldorf , 1836, Part II, p. 106.
16. ↑ Katharine Specht: Maik deer Rheinland-Verlag Cologne 1991, ISBN 3-7927-1250-4 .

Web links

Commons : Chapels  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Timeline and essay on the history of the Protestant parish