Monongahela River
| Monongahela River | ||
 The Monongahela River in Pittsburgh |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | US : 1209053 | |
| location | West Virginia , Pennsylvania (USA) | |
| River system | Mississippi River | |
| Drain over | Ohio River → Mississippi River → Gulf of Mexico | |
| Confluence of |
Tygart Valley River and West Fork River at Fairmont 39 ° 27 ′ 53 ″ N , 80 ° 9 ′ 10 ″ W |
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| Source height | 263 m | |
| Association with |
Allegheny River to Ohio River in Pittsburgh Coordinates: 40 ° 26 ′ 30 " N , 80 ° 0 ′ 58" W 40 ° 26 ′ 30 " N , 80 ° 0 ′ 58" W |
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| Mouth height | 216 m | |
| Height difference | 47 m | |
| Bottom slope | 0.23 ‰ | |
| length | 206 km | |
| Catchment area | 19,002 km² | |
| Drain |
MNQ |
358 m³ / s |
| Right tributaries | Cheat River , Youghiogheny River | |
| Big cities | Pittsburgh | |
| Medium-sized cities | Morgantown | |
| Navigable | along the whole length | |
 Monongahela in Fairmont, West Virginia |
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 Map of the catchment area of the Monongahela River, the river is highlighted. |
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The Monongahela River ( [məˌnɑŋ.gəˈheɪ.lə] ) is a 206 km long river on the Allegheny Plateau in northern western Virginia and western Pennsylvania in the eastern United States . Locally it is also known as the Mon known.
It arises from the confluence of the 257 km long Tygart Valley River and the 166 km long West Fork River in Marion County , West Virginia and flows from there in a northerly direction to Pennsylvania.
In Pittsburgh , the confluence of the Monongahela River and Allegheny River creates the Ohio River , which then flows into the Mississippi River . It drains an area of 19,002 km².
The river is navigable along its entire length. A water depth of nine feet (2.7 m) is maintained by nine locks and weirs to allow traffic with barges for the transport of coal.
Two major tributaries flow into Pennsylvania. They are the Cheat River in Point Marion and the Youghiogheny River , which flows into McKeesport .
The United States Geological Survey derives the average flow rate from water level data. It is around 3 kilometers above the confluence with the Allegheny River 358 m³ / s. The Monongahela River is hydrologically a tributary of the Allegheny River, which 40 km above the confluence has a water flow of 559 m³ / s and thus represents the main source river of the Ohio.
The Monongalia County is named Latinized after the Monongahela. Two warships of the US Navy have been named after the river USS Monongahela baptized.
history
In the Unami language , the river was called Mënaonkihëla (the "hollowed out and falling banks"). The valley of the river was the site of a well-known minor battle in the early days of the French and Indian Wars (the Battle of Monongahela ). The units British and colonists were severely inferior to the French and their allied Indians . The Monongahela Valley was also the scene of the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794 .
The monongahela was heavily used by industry in the 19th century. Many steel mills were built along its banks, including the Homestead mill . After killing several workers during the Homestead Strike of 1892, anarchist Emma Goldman wrote : "Words have lost their meaning in the face of the innocent blood that was shed on the banks of the Monongahela."
On January 31, 1956, a B-25 aircraft crashed near Homestead on its flight from Nellis Air Force Base , Nevada to Olmstead Air Force Base , Pennsylvania. The six-man crew survived the crash, but two of the soldiers drowned. The exact course of the aircraft accident is the subject of various urban legends and conspiracy theories . Despite the relatively shallow water depth, the plane was not found.
Cities along the river
Among the places along the river are:
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Name variants
According to the Geographic Names Information System , the river had a variety of name variations:
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literature
- Arthur Parker: The Monongahela: River of Dreams, River of Sweat. Penn State University, Philadelphia 1999, ISBN 978-0-271-01875-1 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ West Fork River in the Geographic Names Information System of the United States Geological Survey
- ^ Monongahela River in the Geographic Names Information System of the United States Geological Survey
- ↑ a b USGS Surface-Water Annual Statistics for Pennsylvania, gauge USGS 03085000 Monongahela River near Braddock, PA (3 km above the confluence with the Allegheny River)
- ^ The Houghton Mifflin Dictionary of Geography . Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston 1997, ISBN 0-395-86448-8 , pp. 252-253.
- ^ Tygart Valley River in the Geographic Names Information System of the United States Geological Survey
- ^ West Fork River in the Geographic Names Information System of the United States Geological Survey
- ^ William H. Gillespie: Monongahela River . In: Ken Sullivan (ed.) (Ed.): The West Virginia Encyclopedia . West Virginia Humanities Council, Charleston, W.Va. 2006, ISBN 0-9778498-0-5 , p. 492.
- ↑ Natrona gauge (PDF file; 65 kB)
- ^ Etymology at community.macmillan.com
- ^ "Words had lost their meaning in the face of the innocent blood spilled on the banks of the Monongahela." Emma Goldman: Living My Life ; New York: AA Knopf, 1931; ISBN 0-486-22543-7
- ↑ Mystery in the Mon - Search for the Pittsburgh B-25 Ghost Bomber
- ^ Pennsylvania Atlas & Gazetteer . DeLorme , Yarmouth, Me. 2003, ISBN 0-89933-280-3 , pp. 71, 85.
- ^ West Virginia Atlas & Gazetteer . DeLorme , Yarmouth, Me. 1997, ISBN 0-89933-246-3 , pp. 25-26.
- ^ Monongahela River in the Geographic Names Information System of the United States Geological Survey
- ↑ John Gilmary Shea. Relations diverse sur la bataille du Malangueulé: gagné le 9 juillet, 1755, par les François sous M. de Beaujeu, commandant du fort du Quesne sur les Anglois sous M. Braddock, général en chef des troupes angloises . Nouvelle York: De la Presse Cramoisy, 1860. Online Computer Library Center .