Nathalie Sarraute

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Nathalie Sarraute (1983)

Nathalie Sarraute (born July 18, 1900 in Ivanovo-Voznesensk , † October 19, 1999 in Paris ) was a French writer with Russian roots.

Life and work

Childhood and youth

She was born in 1900 as Natalja Tschernjak in Ivanovo-Voznesensk, about 250 km from Moscow, today's Ivanovo . After her parents soon separated, she initially lived with her somewhat extravagant and very decisive, also writing mother and her new partner, a freelance historian, in Paris from 1902, where she attended the École maternelle (kindergarten) and thus learned French at an early age . But she spent one month each year with her father, a Jewish (personally rather non-religious) chemist and paint manufacturer, in Russia or Switzerland . 1906–1909 she lived with mother and stepfather in Saint Petersburg .

During this time (1907) her father left Russia for political reasons and went to France, where he founded a smaller factory near Paris and remarried to a much younger woman. At the beginning of 1909, eight and a half year old Nathalie was sent to see her father for some time because the mother and stepfather were planning a longer stay in Hungary. Instead of returning to Russia afterwards, however, she stayed in Paris. Here she spent her other school years (at the Lycée Fénelon ) and largely the rest of her life.

Apparently just as drastic and traumatizing for her as the early separation of her parents and the subsequent uprooting was the remarriage of her very loving father. His new wife was jealous of her, so that she and her child, her half-sister, could not find a relationship. Even as a little girl she experienced the difficulties of an individual between changing and diverging caregivers, which undoubtedly sharpened her sense of everything psychological as well as growing up in two languages ​​and cultures.

After completing her baccalauréat , she first studied English literature in Paris and passed her final examination (license) in 1920. She then began to study history and sociology in Oxford (1920/21) and, because she spoke passable German, in Berlin (1921/22). However, she broke off this course without a degree and finally went on to study law in Paris. It was there that she met Raymond Sarraute, whom she married after he had established himself as a lawyer (1925) and with whom she had three daughters (one is the well-known journalist Claude Sarraute , wife of the member of the Académie française Jean-François Revel ). Professionally, however, she seems to have experimented for a long time: She worked briefly for a lawyer and asset manager ( Avoué ), was also licensed as a lawyer and represented a few clients, but also enrolled for a doctoral degree.

The beginning as an author

From 1932 at the latest, her real ambition was literature. At first she wrote 19 shorter texts on the side, in which she immediately demonstrated the art of perception and representation of the finest psychological impulses, which she published under the title Tropismes in 1939 after a lengthy search for a publisher. The outbreak of war let the little book go unnoticed.

The German invasion of 1940 and the subsequent compulsion for her as a “half-Jew” to go into hiding and to live with a false name (partly in small towns near Paris) prevented further publications for the time being. However, she went on to write: From 1941 onwards, the novel Portrait d'un inconnu was published , which was published by Gallimard in 1948 after another lengthy search for a publisher, but despite a praiseworthy preface by Sartre only received attention from insiders. The same happened to another novel, Martereau (1953).

It became a little better known in 1956 with the anthology L'Ère du soupçon , which brought together four, in some cases somewhat older, literary-theoretical essays and became something of a manifesto for the “ nouveau roman ” school that was being formed around 1955 . Accordingly, Sarraute's next novel, Planétarium (1959), fell on fertile ground with that part of the audience who appreciated the “nouveaux romans”, and the novel Les fruits d'or (1963) was even awarded the Prix ​​international de littérature .

The time of recognition

With this she had made the breakthrough; she was increasingly invited to lecture tours, including abroad. From 1963 she also tried her hand as a playwright and wrote seven plays over the next 30 years: Le Silence (1963, first broadcast in German as a radio play, printed in 1964, performed in Paris in 1967); Le Mensonge (1965); Isma (1970); C'est beau and Le Gant retourné (1975); Pour un oui, pour un non (1982); Elle est la (1993). The pieces were all performed, but ultimately hardly increased their fame.

Her domain, along with a few other essays, remained the genre of the novel: Entre la vie et la mort (1968), Vous les entendez? (1972), Disent les imbéciles (1976), L'Usage de la parole (1980), Tu ne t'aimes pas (1989), Ici (1995).

By 1970 at the latest, she was recognized as one of the central figures in French literature in the post-war decades; Her works have been translated into more than 30 languages, mainly into German by the translators Elmar and Erika Tophoven . However, her novels, which are designed entirely on psychological phenomena and are conceived without a single-minded plot and largely also without prominent characters, are not light fare. The autobiographical book Enfance , 1983, is easy to read, because it is appealing, a more impressionistic than a chronological-systematic representation of her childhood.

The French director Agnès Varda dedicated her film Sans toit ni loi (1985, German title: Vogelfrei ) to Nathalie Sarraute . Nathalie Sarraute died in Paris in autumn 1999 at the age of 99.

Works

Autobiography
Essays
  • Paul Valéry et l'enfant elephant . Gallimard, Paris 1986, ISBN 2-07-070606-0 (EA 1947; as an appendix: Flaubert le précurseur ).
  • Age of Suspicion. [Four] essays on the novel (“L'ère du soupçon”, 1970). Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt 1975 ISBN 3-518-06723-0 (former title: Age of Suspicion ).
  • Portrait of a stranger (“Portrait d'un Inconnu”, 1961). Translated by Elmar Tophoven. New edition Dtv, Munich 1993 ISBN 3-423-19024-8 . Foreword by Louis Aragon
  • Here ("Ici", 1995). Translated by Erika Tophoven . Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1997 ISBN 3-462-02671-2
Novels
  • Martereau. Novel. ("Martereau") Rowohlt, Reinbek 1993 ISBN 3-499-40049-9 (EA 1953)
  • The planetarium. Novel. (“Le Planétarium”, 1959) Translated by Elmar Tophoven. Dtv, Munich 1965
  • The golden fruits. Roman ("Les Fruits d'or", 1962). Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1993, ISBN 3-462-02286-5 (EA 1963).
  • Between life and death. Roman ("Entre la vie et la mort", 1968). Dtv, Munich 1972, ISBN 3-423-05409-3 .
  • Do you hear that? Roman ("Vous les entendez?", 1972). Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1973, ISBN 3-462-00935-4 .
  • Say the fools. Roman (“Disent les imbéciles”, 1976). Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1995, ISBN 3-462-02405-1 .
  • The use of the word. Roman ("L'Usage de la parole"). Verlag Volk und Welt, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-353-00349-5 .
  • You don't love yourself Roman ("Tu ne t'aimes pas", 1989). Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1992, ISBN 3-462-02211-3 .
  • Open! Roman ("Ouvrez", 1997). Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 2000, ISBN 3-462-02892-8 (translated by Erika Tophoven).
theatre
  • The silence ("Le Silence"). Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt 1969 (former title: Das Schweigen ).
  • Isma, ou ce qui s'appelle rien . Gallimard, Paris 1970 (content: Le silence and Le mensonge ).
  • That's nice (“C'est beau”, 1976). Hunzinger, Bad Homburg 1989
  • It is there ("Elle est là", 1993). Hunzinger, Bad Homburg 1993
  • Nothing and nothing again (“Pour un oui, pour un non”, 1985). Hunzinger, Bad Homburg 1993 (former title: For a Yes or For a No )
Tropisms
  • Tropisms. ("Tropismes") 3rd edition Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2004 ISBN 3-608-93615-7 (EA 1939)
Work edition

literature

  • Eileen M. Angelini: Strategies of "writing the self" in the French modern novel. C'est moi, je crois . Mellen Press, Lewiston 2002, ISBN 0-7734-7317-3 .
  • Annie Angremy (Ed.): Nathalie Sarraute (Series: Folio). Association pour la diffusion de la pensée française ADPF, Paris 1996, 1997, ISBN 2-911127-30-7 .
  • André Allemand: L'œuvre romanesque de Nathalie Sarraute . A la Baconnière, Neuchatel 1980, ISBN 2-8252-0012-3 .
  • Hannah Arendt : Nathalie Sarraute . In: Ursula Ludz (ed.): People in dark times . Piper, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-492-23355-4 , pp. 298-309 (reprint of the Munich edition 1989).
  • Sheila M. Bell: Nathalie Sarraute. A bibliography . Grant & Cutler, London 1982, ISBN 0-7293-0138-9 .
  • Simone Benmussa: Nathalie Sarraute . Manufacture, Lyon 1987, ISBN 2-904638-85-7 (conversations with NS).
  • Brigitta Coenen-Mennemeier: The novel in the age of suspicion. Studies on NS Athenaion, Frankfurt 1974, ISBN 3-7610-7193-0 .
  • Florence DuPrel: Suggestive Techniques of Tropism. Variations on a Theme by Nathalie Sarraute . Tectum-Verlag, Marburg 2003, ISBN 3-8288-8505-5 .
  • Renate Kroll: Nathalie Sarraute . In: Heinz Ludwig Arnold (Hrsg.): Critical Lexicon of Foreign Language Contemporary Literature , 44th edition 1997, ISBN 3-88377-811-7 (loose-leaf collection).
  • Ehrhart Linsen: Subject-object relationships in Honoré de Balzac , Gustave Flaubert and Nathalie Sarraute with special consideration of language problems . Peter Lang, Frankfurt 1981, ISBN 3-8204-6207-4 (additional dissertation phil. Saarbrücken University 1980)
  • Anthony S. Newman: Une poésie des discours. Essai sur les romans de Nathalie Sarraute . Droz, Genève 1976
  • Emer O'Beirne: Reading Nathalie Sarraute. Dialogue and distance . Clarendon Press, Oxford 2006, ISBN 0-19-815985-4 .
  • Jean Pierrot: Nathalie Sarraute . Corti, Paris 1990 ISBN 2-7143-0380-3
  • Alain Robbe-Grillet: Nathalie Sarraute. Translated by Rebekka Göpfert, in Verena von der Heyden-Rynsch Ed .: Vive la littérature! Contemporary French literature. Hanser, Munich 1989, pp. 171f. With portrait photo of Isolde Ohlbaum in Munich in 1988
  • Franziska Sick: Nathalie Sarraute “Portrait d'un inconnu” 1948 and Alain Robbe-Grillet “La Jalousie” 1957 . In: Wolfgang Asholt (Ed.): 20th century: Roman (series: Interpretation. French literature). Stauffenburg, Tübingen 2007 ISBN 978-3-86057-909-1
  • Micheline Tison-Braun: Nathalie Sarraute ou la recherche de l'authenticité . Gallimard, Paris 1971
  • Helen Watson-Williams: The novels of Nathalie Sarraute . Rodopi, Amsterdam 1981 ISBN 90-6203-703-8
  • Jennifer Willging: Telling anxiety. Anxious narration in the work of Marguerite Duras , Annie Ernaux , Nathalie Sarraute, and Anne Hébert . University Press, Toronto 2007 ISBN 978-0-8020-9276-2

Web links

notes

  1. Sometimes the year of birth 1902 is incorrectly given
  2. Also in a theater adaptation
  3. Jean-Paul Sartre wrote a foreword for the French first edition in 1948 .
  4. With an essay by Hannah Arendt on Les Fruits d'Or , in German
  5. Attached: The Lie (“Le Mensonge”).
  6. a catalog for the exhibition, which the ADPF holds and lends. Extensive biblio and mediography including titles that are difficult to access (gray lit.), illustrations of all first editions. 1 large format. Photo of the author from the 90s. The texts without pictures and without a few pages (in particular without oeuvres, without gray lit., without list of interviews) are also online ( memento of the original from June 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.institutfrancais.com