Lilium apertum
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Lilium apertum in Yunnan, China |
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Lilium apertum is a species of plant in the genus Lilium . It is in the border region between the People's Republic of China and Myanmar endemic .
features
Lilium apertum is a perennial , herbaceous plant . It reaches heights of growth between 25 and 50 centimeters. The DNA of the species is distributed over 2n = 24 chromosomes . The seeds germinate above ground (epigeic).
onion
Lilium apertum lives geophytically and forms underground bulbs . These are egg-shaped and between 1.5 and 2.5 centimeters high and 1 to 2 centimeters in diameter. They are yellowish white and turn brown when dried. The onions are made up of oval-lanceolate onion scales. The roots are adventitious roots , most of which arise from the onion, but partly also directly from the stem axis .
leaves
The stem axis is erect and hairless and without leaves in the lower quarter . The leaf position is alternate. The leaf shape is broad or narrowly lanceolate. The leaves are about 0.8 to 1.2 inches wide and 3 to 5.5 inches long. The blade is pointed at the tip.
Flowers and fruits
The plant blooms from June to July with one or two (in very rare cases up to four) six-fold flowers . The inflorescence is umbrella-shaped and red, pink or pale yellow. The outer three tepals are narrowly lanceolate and between 2.2 and 4.5 inches long and 1.2 to 1.5 inches wide. They are entire with 3 to 8 purple-brown spots at the base. The three inner tepals are ovate to broadly ovate and between 2.2 and 4.3 inches long and 1.3 to 1.6 inches wide. The tip is pointed and each tepal is decorated at the base with a few to a dozen purple-red spots.
The stamens are awl-shaped and about 1 centimeter long. The ovary measures between 5 and 7 millimeters in length and 2 to 2.25 millimeters in diameter. The stylus is tapered toward the tip and is approximately twice as long as the ovary (between 1 and 1.2 centimeters). The scar is head-shaped and three-lobed on the surface. The nectaries are two fleshy, pillow-shaped clusters of cells. Only one nectarium is seldom formed or sap glands are completely absent. The pollen has a two-row furrowed surface.
The fruit ripens between the beginning of September and October. The elongated capsule fruits are pale brown or greenish. They are between 1 and 2.5 inches long and 1.2 to 2 inches wide.
Distribution and habitats
distribution
Lilium apertum is endemic to a small area . Stocks of the species can be found in the border region between the Chinese provinces of Yunnan , the autonomous region of Tibet and Sichuan and the state of Myanmar .
In Yunnan the distribution area extends over the entire northwest of the province to the Cangshan Mountains in the northwest of the urban area of Dali . In Sichuan, it includes the Muli Autonomous County . In the autonomous region of Tibet the species is only found sporadically along the border with Yunnan. In Myanmar the distribution area extends in a westerly direction to 97 ° 13 'east.
The distribution area extends about 480 km in a west-east direction and a little less in the north-south extent.
Habitats
Lilium apertum grows preferentially in deciduous forests, bamboo thickets or on forest meadows on slopes. It can be found at altitudes from 3000 to 3900 meters sea level .
Botanical history
Lilium apertum was first described by Adrien René Franchet in 1898 . The type specimen had probably been collected beforehand in Yunnan by Pierre Jean Marie Delavay , who sent it to Franchet. Franchet classified the plant in the genus of lilies ( Lilium ). In 1925 Ernest Henry Wilson placed the species in the genus Nomocharis , and in 2016 the species was renamed as Lilium pardanthinum when Gao incorporated the genus into the lilies .
Isaac Bayley Balfour had already described Nomocharis forrestii in 1918 . However, Wilson found in 1925 that it was the same species Lilium apertum .
Systematics
The species is very variable and has been collected several times. Joseph Francis Rock , who was collecting plants in Yunnan between 1922 and 1949, found a specimen without nectaries. The plant collector McLaren and the plant hunter Frank Kingdon-Ward also collected unusual specimens. The variability of the species makes classification difficult.
It is clear that the closest related species is Lilium saluenense , which differs from Lilium apertum mainly in the shape of the stylus .
Culture
Lilium apertum is quite easy to grow . It first came to Europe through George Forrest and blossomed in 1929 in the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh on this continent. It was also successfully cultivated in North America and New Zealand and was awarded the Award of Merit in 1936.
swell
Unless otherwise stated, the information in this article is taken from the sources indicated under literature:
literature
- Stephen G. Haw: The Lilies of China . Timber Press, Portland 1986, ISBN 0-88192-034-7 , pp. 140-145 .
- Liang Songyun, Minoru N. Tamura: Nomocharis aperta . In: Flora of China . tape 24 . Science Press, St. Louis 2002, ISBN 0-915279-83-5 , pp. 149 ( efloras.org ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Yu Hong, Huang Rui-fu: Studies on the karyotype and its aberration of Nomocharis forrestii (Liliaceae) . In: Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica . tape April 32 , 1994 ( en.cnki.com.cn ).
- ↑ Liang Song-Yun, Zhang Wu-Xiu: Pollen Morphology of the Genus Nomocharis and Its Delimitation with Lilium . In: Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica . tape 23 , no. 6 , 1985, pp. 405-417 ( plantsystematics.com ).
- ↑ Haw, pp. 19f.
- ↑ Yun-Dong Gao, Xin-Fen Gao: Accommodating Nomocharis in Lilium (Liliaceae) in: Phytotaxa 277 (2): 205–210, September 2016
- ↑ Jun Wen: Nomocharis aperta (Franchet) EH Wilson. In: Plants of Tibet. 2009, archived from the original on July 13, 2012 ; Retrieved July 7, 2011 .
