Ober-Ingelheim
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Ober-Ingelheim
Ingelheim-Süd City of Ingelheim am Rhein
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| Height : | 90-135 m above sea level NN |
| Residents : | 4322 |
| Incorporation : | April 1, 1939 |
| Postal code : | 55218 |
| Area code : | 06132 |
 Ober-Ingelheim as seen from Westerberg in April 2014 .
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Ober-Ingelheim (until 2009 Ingelheim-Süd ) is a district of Ingelheim am Rhein in the Mainz-Bingen district . The district was united with Frei-Weinheim , Nieder-Ingelheim and Sporkenheim in 1939 to form the city of Ingelheim am Rhein. Before the French Revolution, Ober-Ingelheim was the political center of the Ingelheimer Grund , which was part of the Electoral Palatinate .
Thanks to the Ingelheimer Oberhof and the local noble family of the same name , the imperial village of Ober-Ingelheim enjoyed heavy political weight in the Ingelheimer Grund.
geography
The district lies between the Selz and the Mainzer Berg at an altitude of 90-135 meters above sea level , in the so-called Selztal. The town center is east of the Selz. The eastern boundary is above on the Mainzer Berg and the western one on the Westerberg . The local area extends north to the Mainz-Bingen railway line, where the district borders on Ingelheim-West.
In the inner city, Ober-Ingelheim borders Nieder-Ingelheim in the north, Großwinternheim in the south and Ingelheim-West in the north -west . The district borders on Wackernheim to the east . Gau-Algesheim and Appenheim are on the other side of the Westerberg to the west .
geology
The water-rich soil on the slope to the Rheinhessen plateau is characterized by layers of loess and tertiary limestone. Since the early Middle Ages, grapevines have dominated the landscape that replaced the former forest areas. Smaller forest areas have been preserved on the Westerberg to this day. In the valley, the Selz is bordered by grassland and pastures.
history
The Romans left the first traces of settlement in the form of some Villae Rusticae and at least one archaeologically proven Villa Urbana. At the beginning of the 6th century, after the retreat of the Romans, Franconians founded the original villages of today's ingelheim districts of Freiweinheim Nieder-Ingelheim and finally Ober-Ingelheim. Nieder- and Ober-Ingelheim were given the proper name of the Frankish clan chief Ingilo.
After the Palatinate of Emperor Karl rose to a political center in the area of today's Nieder-Ingelheim from 774, Ober-Ingelheim and the other villages in the area also developed into privileged imperial villages, as the servants of the Palatinate were resident in these villages. The Hohenstaufen imperial eagle in the coat of arms of Ober-Ingelheim testifies to the former imperial immediacy of the village. The servants of the Palatinate were called the free men of the rich , from this group emerged the noble family of Ober-Ingelheim. The group dominated economic and social life in Ober-Ingelheim in the Middle Ages and ensured that Ober-Ingelheim enjoyed a prominent position among the imperial villages of the Ingelheimer Grund until the French Revolution.
From the 14th century a court of knights was introduced, the Ober-Ingelheimer Oberhof. The lay judge's bench was mostly occupied by nobles from Ober-Ingelheim (von Ingelheim) and Großwinternheim (von Obentraut). The Oberhof was to be understood as legal aid and an appeal body under old German law. Several local courts were subordinate to the Oberhof in the area between Alzey and Bacharach. At this time, the construction of the fortifications around Ober-Ingelheim began, which was completed at the beginning of the 15th century. Towards the end of the 14th century, the Ingelheimer Grund was given to the Electoral Palatinate by Charles IV. Since then, Ober-Ingelheim has been a regular place of homage by the Electoral Palatinate, with which the communities of Ingelheimer Grund earned their high privileges.
With the beginning of the industrial revolution in the 19th century, the final political decline of Ober-Ingelheim began in Ingelheimer Grund, which has not existed since the Napoleonic wars and was replaced by Nieder-Ingelheim, which, thanks to the numerous industrial companies on its territory, is predominant won.
politics
Before it became a town, Ober-Ingelheim was an independent place.
Mayor before becoming a town
- Georg Rückert (1931 – April 1933)
- Johann L. Gaul (1933–1938)
- Franz Bambach (1938–1939)
Culture and sights
Buildings
Old town hall on the market square
Castle church with war memorial
In addition to the historical buildings around the former center of the village , many other historical monuments have been preserved.
The castle church is one of the best preserved fortified churches in southwest Germany. It replaced a previous Romanesque church. The church lies within a double ring of walls from the 13th century. It was extended and rebuilt until the 15th century and was not completed until the western nave was extended in 1468. Its Romanesque tower served, among other things, as an archive for the Ingelheimer Oberhof . For a long time the church was also the burial place of the nobles from Ober-Ingelheim. After the Reformation it was given to the Protestants. Since 2003 it has had its original color scheme from the 15th century.
Today only remnants of the fortifications can be seen; the fortifications at the castle church , which were equipped with a double wall ring and a kennel in the east, are best preserved . In recent years the facility has been restored and made accessible. The Malakoff Tower is the largest of the watchtowers and also served as a dungeon. The section of the wall on the Path of Sighs is also well preserved. There you can still see the former moat. Some of the template towers and three of the former city gates Uffhubtor , Ohrbrücker Tor and the Stiegelgässer Tor have also been preserved.
Remains of the fortifications on the Path of Sighs
Uffhubtor, the best preserved city gate
The Bismarck Tower was completed in 1912 and was the most expensive in Rhineland-Palatinate. Originally, the “Götterdämmerung” design was planned for Ingelheim, but this did not materialize. Professor Wilhelm Kreis designed a Bismarck tower especially for Ingelheim. It consists mainly of limestones from the area. The actual tower was finished in 1910, but the dome was not finished until 1912. Otto von Bismarck is honored with the inscription ZU / BISMARCKS / EHR on a sandstone plaque in the entrance area . There is a balcony above. Until the Second World War , midsummer festivals and Bismarck commemorations took place at the tower. The tower is currently illuminated with light effects as an Ingelummer candle at Christmas time .
Sports
The focus of the gymnastics and sports community 1848 Ober-Ingelheim is on apparatus gymnastics and gymnastics all-round competitions. In addition, courses such as table tennis, volleyball and show dance are offered.
Regular events
In the district, the red wine festival is held annually from the last weekend in September to the first weekend in October, the town's largest festival around the castle church. The Eurofolk Festival, which always takes place on a weekend in mid-July, is also held at the Burgkirche.
Economy and Infrastructure
Public facilities
In 2012 the old grammar school was converted into a district building. This now houses seminar rooms for rent and a café, the mothers and families center (Mütze).
traffic
The district is crossed by Landstrasse 428, which, coming from Großwinternheim, is divided into two arms before Ober-Ingelheim. One turns in the direction of Ober-Ingelheim and leads into the inner city of Ingelheim, the other goes around the town center and joins the L419 at the Boehringer factory in Ingelheim-West.
In local transport, Ober-Ingelheim is connected to the regional bus routes 75 to Mainz , 640 to Nieder-Olm and 643 to Nieder-Hilbersheim and Gau-Algesheim . There is also a 612 city bus to Sporkenheim via Ingelheim train station, Nieder-Ingelheim and Frei-Weinheim.
Personalities
- Johann Philipp Weitzel (1826–1903), landowner and politician from Ober-Ingelheim
- Johann Schreiber (1881–1935), politician ( DDP ), worked as a lawyer in Ober-Ingelheim
- Ralf Claus (* 1960), Lord Mayor of Ingelheim, lives in Ober-Ingelheim
Individual evidence
- ↑ Philipp Krämer. In: Ober-Ingelheim - A home book . Reprint 5, 2000, p. 5.
- ↑ Philipp Krämer. In: Ober-Ingelheim - A home book . Reprint 5, 2000, p. 6.
- ↑ Philipp Krämer. In: Ober-Ingelheim - A home book . Reprint 5, 2000, p. 6.
- ↑ Philipp Krämer. In: Ober-Ingelheim - A home book . Reprint 5, 2000, p. 7.
- ↑ Philipp Krämer. In: Ober-Ingelheim - A home book . Reprint 5, 2000, p. 8.
- ^ Castle Church Historical Association Ingelheim
- ↑ Bismarcktürme.de about the Bismarck Tower near Ingelheim ( Memento from August 19, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
