Oplopanax
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Igelkraftwurz ( Oplopanax horridus ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Oplopanax | ||||||||||||
| ( Torr. & A.Gray ) Miq. |
Oplopanax is a genus within the family of the Araliaceae (Araliaceae). The only three types are common in East Asia and North America . One of these species, the Igelkraftwurz ( Oplopanax horridus ), is used as an ornamental plant in parks and gardensbecause of its remarkably colored fruits.
description
Vegetative characteristics
Oplopanax species grow as deciduous, sparsely branched shrubs . On the relatively thick, rigid branches there are tightly spaced up to 1.5 centimeters long, bristly spines .
The alternately arranged leaves are divided into a relatively long petiole and a leaf blade. The leaf blades are rounded-egg-shaped and lobed palmate with five to seven leaf lobes. The leaf margin is sawn. Stipules are missing.
Generative characteristics
At the ends of the branches there are many flowers in 8 to 15 centimeters long, double-screw inflorescences . The greenish-white, relatively small and inconspicuous flowers are hermaphroditic or masculine. The flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold double flower envelope . The calyx consists only of indistinct calyx teeth . The five petals are "flappable". There is only one circle with five stamens . The subordinate ovary is multi-faceted. There are two pens available.
The berry-like, two-faced stone fruits are about 8 millimeters in diameter, spherical, egg-shaped, somewhat flattened and, when ripe, have a shiny scarlet color. The two stone cores are flattened.
Systematics and distribution
The genus Oplopanax was established in 1863 by Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel in Annales Musei Botanici Lugduno-Batavi , Volume 1, p. 16. The scientific name Oplopanax is derived from the Greek word hópla for weapon, this indicates the spines of the species and from the generic name Panax ; This expresses that the genus Oplopanax is close to the genus Panax , but is armed with spines. Basionym is a taxon Oplopanax Torr that has been undetermined within the genus Panax . & A.Gray . Type species is Oplopanax horridus (Sm.) Miq. Synonyms for Oplopanax Miq. are Echinopanax Decne. & Planch. ex Harms and Ricinophyllum Pall. ex Ledeb. nom. inval.
The genus Oplopanax belongs to the subfamily Aralioideae within the family of Araliaceae (Araliaceae).
The three Oplopanax species have Asian occurrences with northeast China , southeast Russia , Korea and Japan . The North American distribution areas are in the subarctic America Alaska and Yukon . Further south, the Canadian provinces of British Columbia , Alberta and Ontario as well as the US states of Washington , Oregon , Idaho , Montana and Michigan are settled.
The genus Oplopanax contains only three species:
- Oplopanax elatus Nakai : It occurs in Korea , in the southern part of the Russian Primorye region and in eastern Jilin . The number of chromosomes is 2n = 48.
- Igelkraftwurz ( Oplopanax horridus Miq. ): It comes from Alaska to the north-western USA and on the Canadian island of Lake Superior. The number of chromosomes is 2n = 48.
- Oplopanax japonicus (Nakai) Nakai : It occurs in Japan.
use
One species, the Igelkraftwurz ( Oplopanax horridus ), is used as an ornamental shrub because of its impressive fruits .
swell
literature
- Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , pp. 432-433.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Roloff et al .: Flora of the Woods. P. 432.
- ↑ a b c d e Roloff et al .: Flora of the woods. P. 433.
- ↑ a b Qibai Xiang, Porter P. Lowry: Clusiaceae through Araliaceae . In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . tape 13 . Science Press et al. a., Beijing et al. a. 2008, ISBN 978-1-930723-80-1 , Oplopanax , p. 441 (English, same text online as the printed work ).
- ^ Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel: Annales Musei Botanici Lugduno-Batavi . tape 1 . Utrecht October 1863, Araliaceae Novae, p. 16 (Latin, online - digitized at Biodiversity Heritage Library).
- ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 , p. 438 (reprint from 1996).
- ^ Oplopanax at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed March 5, 2012.
- ↑ a b c d e Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Oplopanax. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 1, 2018.
- ^ Oplopanax in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved November 17, 2010.
- ↑ a b Oplopanax at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
