Mountain fern

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Mountain fern
Mountain Fern (Oreopteris limbosperma)

Mountain Fern ( Oreopteris limbosperma )

Systematics
Ferns
Class : True ferns (Polypodiopsida)
Order : Spotted ferns (Polypodiales)
Family : Marsh fern family (Thelypteridaceae)
Genre : Oreopteris
Type : Mountain fern
Scientific name
Oreopteris limbosperma
( All. ) Holub

The mountain fern or mountain lobed fern ( Oreopteris limbosperma (Bellardi ex All.) Holub ; Syn: Thelypteris limbosperma (Bellardi ex All.) HP Fuchs ) is a species of plant within the marsh fern family (Thelypteridaceae). It is widespread in the northern hemisphere in Eurasia and North America . Oreopteris limbosperma is the only species of the genus Oreopteris Holub that occurs in Europe .

description

The sori on the underside of the leaflets

The mountain fern grows as a perennial herbaceous plant . The rhizome is short and ascending. The fronds are arranged in a funnel-shaped rosette. The fronds have a length of 30 to 100 centimeters. The petiole is only about 20 cm long and has two vascular bundles . Like the lower part of the leaf spindle , it is scattered with yellow chaff scales. The yellow-green leaf blades with yellow glandular hairs and short, white hairs on the underside have a fine lemon scent. They are simply pinnate, lanceolate in outline , pointed and conspicuously narrowed at the base. The rounded feathers are indistinctly notched at the edge.

The leaflets of the fertile leaves are often rolled up. The black-brown spore containers (Sori) sit in two rows on the underside of the spore-bearing fronds and are approximated to the edge of the feathers. The Sori's veil falls off early.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 68.

In the true worm fern ( Dryopteris filix-mas ), with which the mountain fern can easily be confused, the fronds are darker green and glandless on the underside of the leaf, the sori are in the middle of the leaflets. The petiole has three to five vascular bundles.

ecology

The mountain fern is a deciduous hemicryptophyte. The spores are subject to the spread of wind as granular flyers. Spore ripening extends from July to August. The vegetative reproduction takes place through the rhizome.

Mountain Fern ( Oreopteris limbosperma )
Mountain fern ( Oreopteris limbosperma ), fronds from below

Occurrence

The mountain fern is circumpolar in the oceanic areas of Europe , East Asia and western North America . The mountain-lobed fern occurs predominantly in mountainous areas, but also in low-lying areas in the northeast ( Rügen ) and west ( Bergisches Land ).

The mountain fern inhabits perennial mixed mountain forests, shady and species-poor oak forests, alder quarries and forest springs, also on damp slopes, here often as secondary occurrences. It grows best on fresh, semi- wet, nutrient-poor and base-poor loam soil in rainy areas with high humidity.

In the plant-sociological system, the mountain fern has its main occurrence in the planar-colline level in the association Alnion glutinosae, in the montane-subalpine level in the class Betulo-Adenostyletea and in the association Vaccinio-Piceion, as well as in the montane-subalpine level in the sub-association Luzulo-Fagenion . In the Allgäu Alps, the mountain fern on the Rappen-Alpe rises to over 2000 meters above sea level.

Taxonomy

The mountain fern was founded in 1789 by Carlo Allioni under the Basionym Polypodium limbospermum All. first described . The currently most recognized name Oreopteris limbosperma was created in 1969 by Josef Holub . An important, often used synonym is Thelypteris limbosperma (Bellardi ex All.) HPFuchs . The classification into genera within the family Thelypteridaceae is controversial.

Further synonyms based on the same type are: Dryopteris limbosperma (All.) Bech. , Lastrea limbosperma (All.) Holub , Lastrea limbosperma (All.) Ching . The name Polypodium oreopteris Erh, also published in 1789 but a little later . is Basionym the name Polystichum oreopteris (Ehrh.) Bernh. , Thelypteris oreopteris (Ehrh.) Sloss. and Dryopteris oreopteris (Ehrh.) Maxon .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d mountain fern. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ^ A b c d e Eckehart J. Jäger (Ed.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Vascular plants: baseline . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 20th, revised and expanded edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-8274-1606-3 , p. 110 .
  3. ↑ Farndatenbank.de ( Memento of the original from January 14, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.farndatenbank.de
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 1 : General Part, Special Part (Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta): Lycopodiaceae to Plumbaginaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3309-1 , pp. 115-117 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  81 .
  6. ↑ a b c d e Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 , p.  777-778 .
  7. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 65.
  8. ^ Carlo Allioni: Auctarium ad floram pedemontanam cum Notis et Emendationibus. Joannes Michael Brionus, Turín, 1789, limited preview in the Google Book search.
  9. ↑ a b c Josef Holub: Oreopteris, a new genus of the family Thelypteridaceae. In: Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica. Volume 4, No. 1, 1969, pp. 33-53, here: p. 47 doi: 10.1007 / BF02854575 .
  10. ^ Oreopteris limbosperma at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed July 1, 2013.
  11. ^ Thelypteris limbosperma in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved July 1, 2013.

Web links

Commons : Bergfarn  - Album with pictures