Oskar Garvens

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Oskar Garvens (also: Oscar Garvens ; born November 20, 1874 in Hanover ; † November 18, 1951 in Berlin ) was a German sculptor , draftsman and caricaturist who had been promoting anti-Semitic and xenophobic and misanthropic political caricatures in Kladderadatsch since the 1920s of National Socialism spread.

Life

family

Oskar Garvens was born in Hanover at the beginning of the German Empire as the second oldest of four children of the businessman Franz Garvens (born February 13, 1846 in Hanover; † August 18, 1921 ibid), owner of the Carl Wilh company. Round and brother among others of the ennobled merchant and factory owner Wilhelm Garvens , and his wife Helene (born May 25, 1851 in Hanover; † July 29, 1879 ibid), a daughter of the former royal Hanoverian court gold worker Wilhelm Conrad Joseph Lameyer from the house of the jeweler Lameyer & Sohn and Marie Cathrine , nee Segeler .

Before 1912, Oskar Garvens married Margarete Unger († in Berlin), with whom he had the two children Klaus (born September 9, 1912 in Berlin; † 1949 in Falkenstein im Taunus) and Ursula (* 1914 in Berlin; † 1965 in Munich ) .

Career

Tomb created by Garvens around 1920 for the Richard Platz and Paul Gassner families in the Engesohde city cemetery in Hanover

Oskar Garvens underwent training as a sculptor and created initially particular monumental genre - sculptures . For the New Town Hall in his hometown, he created, among other things, reliefs for the interior as well as a prince figure on the south side of the town hall facing the Maschpark .

From 1919 Garvens turned almost exclusively to political caricatures, and in 1924 he became a permanent employee of the caricature newspaper Kladderatsch. His drawings were mostly flat, bold and clearly structured. They gave one to non-German German national - chauvinistic worldview. They turned against modernism , attacked its artists, art educators and audiences. People - above all Jews or political opponents of National Socialism such as Social Democrats - distorted them and depicted them graphically, while Garvens commented benevolently on the National Socialists' art policy.

For the International School for Holocaust Studies (ISHS), the Yad Vashem Memorial developed a lesson plan for grades 9 to 12, in particular for the analysis of a four-part caricature made by Oskar Garvens from the year of the seizure of power in 1933. Under the title "The Sculptor of Germany" shows the sequence of images Adolf Hitler , to whom a stereotypically Jewish-drawn small and humble-looking artist with glasses on his big nose offers the dictator a sculpture that shows a swarm of small people fighting with each other. Thereupon Hitler smashes the sculpture and forms an oversized, muscular naked man from the remaining mass - the propagated " Aryan " and " Herrenmenschen ", looking into the distance with heroic gestures.

During the Second World War , in July 1940, Garvens was named the “[...] politically best caricaturist” in the sense of the National Socialists and, together with his colleagues Andreas Paul Weber , Schweitzer-Mjölnir , Erich Köhler and Gerhard Brinkmann , received 1,000 Reichsmark as a gratuity .

literature

  • Bernd A. Gülker: The distorted modernity. The caricature as popular art criticism in German satirical magazines (= art history , vol. 70), also dissertation 1998 at the University of Münster (Westphalia), Münster; Hamburg; London: Lit Verlag, 2001, ISBN 978-3-8258-5224-5 ; passim , especially p. 193; Preview over google books

Web links

Commons : Oskar Garvens  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Compare the information under the GND number of the German National Library
  2. ↑ a b c d e Compare NN: Oskar Garvens together with cross-references on the website of the Verein für Computergenealogie [o. D.], last accessed on October 8, 2016
  3. ↑ NN: The International School for Holocaust Studies (ISHS) / “The Sculptor of Germany” / Propaganda and the Fine Arts in the Third Reich on the Yad Vashem website, last accessed on October 8, 2016
  4. ↑ a b Bernd A. Gülker: The distorted modernity. The caricature as popular art criticism in German satirical magazines (= art history , vol. 70), also dissertation 1998 at the University of Münster (Westphalia), Münster; Hamburg; London: Lit Verlag, 2001, ISBN 978-3-8258-5224-5 ; passim, especially p. 193; Preview over google books
  5. ^ Waldemar R. Röhrbein : Lameyer, Wilhelm , in: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 220
  6. ↑ Georg Dehio (founder), Gerd Weiß (arrangement) et al. : Handbook of German Art Monuments , here: Bremen Lower Saxony , revised, greatly expanded edition, Berlin; Munich: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1992, ISBN 978-3-422-03022-0 , p. 618; Preview over google books
  7. ^ Paul Rowald : Das neue Rathaus , in: Zeitschrift für Architektur und Ingenieurwesen , Volume 59, ed. from the Architects and Engineers Association of Hanover , Hanover: Carl Rümpler, 1913, p. 47; Preview over google books
  8. ↑ NN: The International School for Holocaust Studies (ISHS) / "The Sculptor of Germany" / Propaganda and the fine arts in the Third Reich on the side of Yad Vashem
  9. ↑ Peter Dittmar: Artfully camouflaged opportunism / prophet, follower, anti-Semite? The dispute over the draftsman Andreas Paul Weber continues on the website of the daily newspaper Die Welt from July 11, 2001
personal data
SURNAME Garvens, Oskar
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Garvens, Oscar
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German sculptor, draftsman and political cartoonist
DATE OF BIRTH November 20, 1874
PLACE OF BIRTH Hanover
DATE OF DEATH November 18, 1951
Place of death Berlin