Palmaille

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Palmaille (around 1860), detail from the lithograph Panorama von Altona by Julius Gottheil
The palmaille at the beginning of the 19th century. Lithography by the Suhr brothers
The Palmaille on a map from 1890 (detail) before the Altona train station was relocated to its current location
Baroque house by H. C. Schumacher
General Command
Palmaille 35

The Palmaille ( French [ palˈmɑj ], regionally especially [ palˈmaljə ]) is a street in Hamburg-Altona . It is one of the oldest streets in the city.

history

The Palmaille was created in 1638, in the middle of the Thirty Years' War , for the Italian ball game Palla a maglio (French Pallmail , Dutch Palmalie or Palmaille , English Pall Mall ) , which is related to the croquet . The young sovereign, Count Otto V. von Schauenburg , had a 647-meter-long, level fairway built on the slope of the Elbe between Altona and the Vogtei Ottensen in an undeveloped area, which was planted with a total of 400 linden trees and two iron arches at the ends that you had to drive the wooden ball with a bat. It is not known whether the plant ever went into operation. Count Otto died on November 15, 1640.

Then Altona came to the Duchy of Holstein in 1647 with Holstein-Pinneberg . On August 23, 1664, King Friedrich III. of Denmark, the current sovereign, Altona the city rights. The Palmaille fell into disrepair and was partly used by rope makers (Reepschläger) as a work and storage area for their long ropes, and partly also built on. It was bought by the merchant Hinrich van der Smissen in 1706 . After Altona had been burned down by Swedish troops under Field Marshal Magnus Stenbock in January 1713 (" Schwedenbrand "), the city's chief president, Christian Detlev von Reventlow , had four rows of linden trees planted on Palmaille in 1717 and roads laid on both sides to create a "public avenue" to accomplish; to do this he had to exert "gentle pressure" on some landowners to give up their properties in exchange for compensation. In 1757 Cay Dose , the builder of the main church of St. Trinity , was commissioned by the Danish king to design a castle at the east end of the Palmaille; however, the construction never got beyond the planning phase. On a map of Ottensen in 1789, the strip of land north of this row of avenues is marked with the name "Pamaliencamp".

Since the end of the 18th century , mostly representative buildings have been built on both sides of the street. In particular, the buildings that the classicist Danish architect Christian Frederik Hansen and his nephew Johann Matthias Hansen erected between 1786 and 1825 shape the face of this boulevard. The ensembles Palmaille 49–65 and 112–120 have been preserved.

During the 19th century, the street became a preferred upper class residential area. In 1823 the Danish court astronomer and geodesist Heinrich Christian Schumacher set up the Altona observatory in Palmaille 9 . The observatory was in operation until 1871, and the building was destroyed in a bomb attack in 1941.

The composer and conductor Carl Reinecke was born here in Palmaille 43 in 1824 . This house was later numbered 12/14 and is also destroyed.

In 1866 the Prussian Army built the building for the General Command of the IX at Palmaille 67–71 . Army Corps . The poet Detlev von Liliencron lived from 1892 to 1901 in house no.5 and in the preserved house no.100.

In 1905 the almost 200 year old linden trees were felled. As a result of replanting, a canopy of leaves (but only two rows) is now arching over the broad, car-free median.

Konstanty Gutschow , who had been commissioned to redesign the banks of the Elbe in 1939 as part of the expansion of Hamburg into the » Führerstadt «, had Ernst Scheel document the classicist buildings on the Palmaille in the inventory, as these were to be demolished according to the plans. The photos were published in a book edited by Erich Elingius .

When the old Altona sank to rubble and ashes in the bombing nights of World War II , two thirds of the palmaille was also destroyed. The damaged Victory Column at the western end of the Palmaille was removed in 1947. The Blücher monument at the confluence of the Quäkerberg escaped this fate by being dismantled in good time; it was put up again in 1952 in the green area west of the Altona town hall. For the reconstruction of the houses, the ordinance on the design of the Palmaille of 9 September 1952 determined:

“For the building maintenance design of the palmaille, the one on the south side on the property [house no. 47–65] and on the north side on the property [house no. 100–124] still preserved historical part as an architectural benchmark. "

This was only partially adhered to and a 75 meter high new building was permitted on the Palmaille 35 property. There are only a few apartments left behind the beautiful facades, but numerous company offices.

Nowadays the Palmaille is a four-lane main street that connects the Hamburg city center and the Altona fish market with the Altona town hall and the Elbchaussee towards the Elbe suburbs .

Individual buildings and ensembles

South side

Palmaille 45 with outbuilding from 1967
Palmaille 45-59
Palmaille 112–124, 112–120 by Christian Frederik Hansen

No. 45, 49, 51: The classicist Baursche Palais , which is a listed building, was built in 1801/05 by Christian Frederik Hansen for Georg Friedrich Baur . The center of the street front is adorned with an Ionic column portal, the garden side with an imposing three-arched column loggia, which was bricked up during a renovation in 1867/68. It was restored in 1937 and the interior was extensively restored by Mogens Koch. The building with five window axes is adjoined on both sides by single-storey wing buildings with plastered walls on the street side. For decades the palace has housed the headquarters of the shipping company Deutsche Afrika-Linien / John T. Essberger . For their purposes, outbuildings on the property were replaced in 1967 by a free-standing four-story office building by Helmut Hentrich and Hubert Petschnigg . In the park to the south of the property, the monument to those of the Austrian Navy who died in the naval battle near Helgoland on May 9, 1864 , was originally located at the secondary school in Königstrasse.

No. 53–65: In 1824/25, Baur had Johann Matthias Hansen build the Baurschen houses, which are also under monument protection, a line of ten tenement houses, in order to complete the development of the Palmaille in a uniform style. The facade of house number 57 was reconstructed in 1952. The houses No. 67-71 were 1901 the new General Command of the IX. Army corps sacrificed, which in turn did not survive.

Houses no. 73–79 at the western end were built for Altona patrician families during the early days of the company. When the building was converted in 1982 into an office building by what would later become the Wünsche AG with a spacious underground car park, essentially only the street façades remained.

North side

The ensemble No. 112–120 was created by Christian Frederik Hansen. He built No. 112 in 1797/98 for the banker Salomon Dehn (damaged in 1944, repaired in 1958/59). No. 116 was built by Hansen in 1803/4 as a house for himself. The striking facade with a windowless ground floor with a square base and the three-part window group with Ionic pilasters and a flat triangular gable was reconstructed in 1952 and the entire building in 1973 by Caesar Pinnau , who has his architecture studio here was largely restored to its original state inside. No. 118 was also created in 1803/4. The facade was reconstructed in 1962/63 based on Hansen's drawing, and the rear parts of the building were completely renewed in 1969, adding a mezzanine floor . He built No. 120 (Jacobsen House) in 1802; it was significantly expanded and redesigned in the second half of the 19th century. No. 100 (simple three-story plastered building, built between 1788 and 1795, memorial plaque for the resident Detlev von Liliencron), No. 104 and 106 (town houses from 1780/90) as well as No. 126 and 130 (Wilhelminian style complex from 1890, front building, courtyard with green area and roundabout as well as rear building and rear open space, design: Gustav Otte).

literature

  • Hans Berlage : Altona. A city fate. Broschek, Hamburg 1937.
  • Hans-Günther Friday, Hans-Werner Engels : Altona. Hamburg's beautiful sister. A. Springer, Hamburg 1982.
  • Renata Klée Gobert: The architectural and art monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg. Volume II Altona Elbe suburbs. C. Wegner, Hamburg 1959
  • Paul Th. Hoffmann: Neues Altona 1919-1929. Ten years of building a major German city. 2 vol., E. Diederichs, Jena 1929
  • P. [Paul] Piper: Altonas Brand on January 8, 1713. J. Harder, Altona 1913
  • Christoph Timm: Altona old town and north. Monument topography. Christians, Hamburg 1987 ISBN 3-7672-9997-6
  • Agathe Wucher: The commercial development of the city of Altona in the age of mercantilism (1664-1803). in: Martin Ewald (ed.): 300 years of Altona. Contributions to its history. H. Christians, Hamburg 1964
  • Dr. Werner Jakstein: The Palmaille in Altona . A cultural document of classicism. Ed .: Erich Elingius. Johann Trautmann Verlag, Hamburg 1938, DNB  58084725X (32 photos by Ernst Scheel).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ museen-sh.de
  2. ↑ Timm, p. 51: "The game operation was probably never opened."; Strotmann: “In 1638 Otto ordered the path from Breiten Gasse to Ottensen to be planted with 100 linden trees in four rows, which resulted in three lanes of exactly 647 meters. Since Otto was only rarely there and Altona at that time was only a tiny little town with almost 2000 inhabitants, who mostly made a living as craftsmen, it was clear to everyone what he was aiming for. He wanted to attract well-heeled 'mail players' from Hamburg, which was at least 40 times larger and many times richer, and rented the playing areas [...] to them for good money. It was a bad investment, especially since the 'Spiritus Rector', the guiding spirit, was soon missing. [...] From Hamburg was hardly anyone look on the contrary, was built in 1665 on the Reesendamm own path, so that it then also named Palmaille, but only [to] 1684 [...] ". Dierk Strotmann: Altona Palmaille - the road the games. In: Abendblatt.de . April 12, 2008, accessed January 19, 2015 .
  3. ↑ Dehio-Handbuch (edited by Johannes Habich ) 1971, p. 45.
  4. ^ Map of the church village Ottensen with Neumühlen
  5. ^ Richard Dehmel - Hamburg - traces. In: richard-dehmel.de. Retrieved January 19, 2015 .
  6. ↑ Erich Elingius: The Palmaille in Altona, A cultural document of classicism, Hamburg
  7. ↑ Dehio-Handbuch (edited by Johannes Habich) 1971, p. 46.
  8. ↑ landesrecht-hamburg.de
  9. ^ Emporis: Palmaille 35, Hamburg - Building 109336 - EMPORIS. In: emporis.com. Retrieved January 19, 2015 .
  10. ↑ Palmaille 35 skyscraper
  11. ↑ Altona Monument List 2013 p. 722 (PDF; 1.8 MB)
  12. ↑ List of monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, as of April 13, 2010 (PDF; 915 kB) p. 156 ( Memento from June 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 915 kB)
  13. ^ A b c Ralf Lange : Architectural Guide Hamburg. P. 104 f. ( limited preview in Google Book search)
  14. ^ About the Group. In: rantzau.de. Retrieved January 19, 2015 .
  15. ↑ Dehio-Handbuch (edited by Johannes Habich) 1971, p. 45.
  16. ↑ Christoph Timm: Altona old town and north. Monument topography. Christians, Hamburg 1987 ISBN 3-7672-9997-6 , p. 52.
  17. ↑ Ruth Pinnau: The Spirit of Palmaille p. 2 ( Google books )
  18. ↑ Dehio-Handbuch (edited by Johannes Habich) 1971, p. 45.
  19. ↑ List of monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, as of April 13, 2010 (PDF; 915 kB) p. 165 f. ( Memento of June 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 915 kB)
  20. ↑ also Christoph Timm: Altona old town and north. Monument topography. Christians, Hamburg 1987 ISBN 3-7672-9997-6 , page 52

Web links

Commons : Palmaille  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 53 ° 32 ′ 46 ″  N , 9 ° 56 ′ 20 ″  E