Pastviny (Moldava)
Pastviny , until 1949 Grünvald ( German Grünwald ) is a deserted area on the ridge of the Eastern Ore Mountains in Okres Teplice , Czech Republic . It is located two kilometers southwest of Moldava . The Pastviny u Moldavy cadastre with an area of 375.9736 hectares belongs to the Moldava municipality.
geography
The scattered settlement was 775 m nm on a arm above the source of the Jelení potok ( Hirschbach ). The Hirschhübel (750 m) and the U Hranice (785 m) rise to the north, the Bojiště ( Kampfberg , 821 m) to the northeast, the Nad Křížkem ( Steinhübel , 857 m) and the Oldřišský vrch ( Walterberg , 878 m), in the southwest the Kamenná ( Steinberg , 838 m) and the Puklá skála ( Sprengberg , 840 m), to the west of the Jilmový vrch ( Ilmberg , 826 m) and in the northwest the Steinkuppe (806 m). The Hirschbach rises in the north and the Bystrý potok ( Rauschenbach ) to the west .
Neighboring towns were Teichhaus in the north, Moldava in the northeast, Oldříš in the east, Mackov in the south, Fláje in the southwest, Žebrácký roh , Český Jiřetín and Horní Ves in the west, and a peat house and wood house in the north-west.
To the east of Pastviny lies the Grünwaldské vřesoviště nature reserve ( Grünwald Heath ).
history
It is assumed that Grünwald was created by Frankish settlers in the first half of the 13th century during the colonization of the Ore Mountains under the Bohemian kings Ottokar I Přemysl and Wenceslaus I. In 1341, King Johann von Luxemburg approved the Borso von Riesenburg to lay a new trade route between Bohemia and the Margraviate of Meißen , which ran from Osegg via Riesenberg , Langewiese , Strasbourg , Ullersdorf , Grünwald and Betteleck to Rechenberg and Frauenstein .
The first documentary mention of the village of Grinwalt , which belonged to the Riesenburg rulership , took place in 1408 in the Dux city register. The trade route over the Betteleck to the Margraviate of Meißen lost its importance at the transition from the 15th to the 16th century. Until the 16th century the village belonged to the possessions of the Lords of Riesenburg . In the middle of the 16th century, the deforestation of the forests on the Erzgebirge ridge began to meet the needs of the mines and huts near Freiberg . The felled wood was rafted over the Freiberg Mulde to Saxony. In 1560 the lords of Lobkowicz bought the village and gave it to their rule Libčeves . The first news about a mill on the Hirschbach near Grünwald comes from the year 1594. Between 1624 and 1629 the Neugraben raft was built west of Grünwald , via which the wood felled in the upper Flöhatal was transported to Freiberg. This ultimately led to the complete deforestation of the mountain ridge around Grünwald. In the berní rula of 1654, 20 farms and four chalupners are identified for Grünwald . Because of the altitude, agriculture was limited primarily to pasture farming. Some of the residents of the village were engaged in logging and rafting. In addition, peat was cut in the Grünwalder Heide at the foot of the Walterberg, which was primarily used as litter and for packaging glassware, but was also delivered to health resorts. The Theresian cadastre lists 18 farmers, a butcher, a cobbler and a blacksmith.
In 1831 Grünwald consisted of 82 houses with 461 German-speaking residents. The kk border customs office was on the Betteleck. The main source of income was pasture and field farming, which due to the altitude was mainly limited to the cultivation of oats and flax. The parish was Moldova . Grünwald remained subject to the allodial rule of Liebshausen until the middle of the 19th century .
After the abolition of patrimonial , Grünwald formed a district of the municipality of Moldova in the Leitmeritz district and judicial district Teplitz from 1850 . From 1868 Grünwald belonged to the Teplitz district. The population has been declining since the middle of the 19th century. In 1869 the village consisted of 78 houses in which 401 people lived. In 1872 the village, consisting of 72 houses, had 400 inhabitants. In 1873 Grünwald broke away from Moldau and formed its own community. In 1885 the village consisted of 70 houses and had 392 inhabitants. At that time a school was set up in Grünwald. At the beginning of the 20th century there were two grinding mills , a board mill and a stocking mill in the village . With the Kammweg and Raiweg , Grünwald was opened up for tourism during this time. In the 1921 census, 58 houses and 336 inhabitants were counted in Grünwald, including a Czech until 1945. In 1928, 320 German Bohemians lived in the 58 houses in Grünwald . On July 4, 1929, a hailstorm destroyed the entire harvest in Grünwald, Ullersdorf and Moldau. As a result of the Munich Agreement , Grünwald was added to the German Reich in 1938 and belonged to the Teplitz-Schönau district until 1945 . At the census of May 17, 1939, Grünwald only had 267 inhabitants. There was a chapel in Grünwald. After the end of the Second World War, Grünvald returned to Czechoslovakia and the German-Bohemian population was expelled . In 1949 the village was given the Czech name Pastviny . Resettlement was only possible to a limited extent, and in 1948 Pastviny was incorporated into Moldava. At that time, only 17 people lived in the 64 houses of Pastviny. In the 1950s, the majority of the Slovak population was allowed to demolish empty houses and transport them by rail from Moldava to Slovakia. The village was dissolved and devastated in the early 1960s .
Pastviny is now pastureland. The ruins of two houses as well as the row of old, mostly dead trees along the road from Oldříš to Žebrácký roh, which used to run through the entire village, have been preserved. In the ground on the way to Moldava are the two mill ponds with the overgrown piles of rubble from two mills.
Development of the population
| year | population |
|---|---|
| 1869 | 401 |
| 1880 | 392 |
| 1890 | 347 |
| 1900 | 324 |
| year | population |
|---|---|
| 1910 | 339 |
| 1921 | 336 |
| 1930 | 296 |
| 1950 | 15th |
Sons and daughters of the place
- Johann Joseph Beer (1744–1812), Bohemian clarinetist
Web links
- History of Grünwald
- Presentation on zanikleobce.cz
- Private website about Grünwald
- The story of Pastviny on pages 8–9
- Historical views on www.boehmisches-erzgebirge.cz
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi/698334/Pastviny-u-Moldavy
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer The Kingdom of Bohemia, Vol. 1 Leitmeritzer Kreis, 1833, p. 72
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Teplitz-Schönau district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ http://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/1950-3
- ↑ Historický lexikon obcí České republiky - 1869–2015. (PDF) Český statistický úřad, December 18, 2015, accessed on January 25, 2016 (Czech).
Coordinates: 50 ° 42 ' N , 13 ° 38' E