Paulus Church (Berlin-Zehlendorf)
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The Protestant Pauluskirche in the Berlin district of Zehlendorf was built from 1903 to 1905 according to the plans of Hubert Stier and inaugurated on October 1, 1905. The building, whose floor plan is asymmetrical, was executed in the forms of Brandenburg brick Gothic made of red bricks . To the east of the church, the rectory was built on the same property, the style of which corresponds to that of the church. The entire complex of church and rectory is a listed building .
history
Since 1843, the Mark Brandenburg Consistory has been exchanging correspondence with the Royal Government in Potsdam about a renovation of the Zehlendorf village church . The foundations of the village church were examined with a view to an inexpensive extension, as a new building was initially rejected. For the government, however, neither a new construction nor an expansion of the church was urgent, although in 1886 Zehlendorf had over 1,100 inhabitants and the village church only had around 300 places. In 1894 the community was given a building plot for a new church. However, the congregation was overwhelmed by the cost of building a new church. After the patronage building fund had agreed to share in the costs, an architecture competition was announced in which all Protestant artists in Germany could participate. The panel of judges included the secret construction councilors Johannes Otzen , Max Spitta and Ludwig von Tiedemann . The winner was Hubert Stier , who had taken part in all the spectacular competitions at the time.
During the First World War , the Paulus community had to deliver two of the three bells to the church as metal that was important for the war effort. In 1924 the community was able to purchase new church tower bells.
During the Second World War , the church suffered damage that was only sparsely repaired. The resulting openings in the destroyed choir windows were walled up or closed with inserted glass blocks. The constituent assembly for the re-establishment of the regional church Berlin-Brandenburg took place in the undamaged rectory on May 7, 1945.
In the 1950s, the interior of the church was redesigned to reflect the taste of the time. If the interior decoration for the dedication of the Pauluskirche had aroused unreserved admiration, the styles of the 19th century should now be eliminated. In 1955 the small baptistery was torn down and the choir window above was pulled down to the level of the other two. In 1956 new choir windows were installed. Pauluskirche was reopened on Reformation Day in 1959.
In 1988, the Zehlendorf District Church Council voted for a complete overhaul of the Paulus Church. The renovation began in 1989 according to plans by the architect Hardy Treger and was completed in 1992.
Building
Church and rectory formed an architectural unit. First, however, the rectory was only built between September 1902 and September 1903. The foundation stone for the church was only laid in October 1903. The total construction costs were supposed to be 225,000 marks (today: around 1,525,000 euros), of which the state as patron paid 80,000 marks (today: around 542,000 euros).
Stier's style is based on the brick Gothic. The basic shape here is a cross-shaped floor plan with a spacious crossing and a polygonal choir . According to the corner position, the square tower is presented to the side. The nave has side aisles of unequal width. The aisle on the left of the main portal, which contains a gallery , is wider and also has seats, the eastern one is designed as a corridor.
The masonry is faced with red bricks. The gables are emphasized by wheel windows, tracery panels , crabs and pinnacles . A pointed arched funnel portal , crowned with an eyelash, serves as the main entrance . The tower has a pointed octagonal tent roof . The large acoustic arcades, closed off with Wimperg, are flanked by turrets.
Interior
Inside, the ribs and keystones of the massive vaults are made of bricks, the walls are plastered, as are the vaults. The supporting pillars are made of granite. The main piece inside was a richly decorated altar, which the architect had designed himself, but the greatest showpiece was the large chandelier with 82 electric lamps, which took up almost the entire crossing. The organ turned bull in the right transept wings, so the left of the choir. This means that visitors to the service can best perceive the altar and pulpit from the front gallery above the entrance . This placement of the organ was decisive for the first prize of the competition. After 1920 the organ was moved from the transept to the gallery above the entrance.
Werner Gabler, who had made a name for himself in questions of building acoustics, became the lead architect for the renovations in the 1950s. Under the pretext of technical necessities, the Pauluskirche was almost completely gutted. The interior plaster and all the paintings were chipped off, the pews stripped of their decorations, and the pulpit and altar disposed of. Acoustic panels were attached to the balustrades of the galleries to ensure good sound. A stone altar table was placed in the middle of the choir, and a baptismal font in front of the choir steps. Subsequently, the bells melted down during the Second World War were replaced. In 1969 the large Walcker organ was installed, which covered the inside of the rose window.
In 1990, a complete exterior and interior renovation was due. The interior should be restored to its original shape as much as possible, but the downsizing of the community should be taken into account. The architect was Hardy Treger.
The brick construction was cleaned and the entire interior plastered uniformly. A two-tier wheel chandelier was hung in the crossing. This has since crashed and has not been replaced. Group rooms were created under the side galleries with sliding glass walls. The altar, baptism and pulpit were designed to be movable for the varied use of the church space.
Bells
The church bell consists of three bronze bells .
| Bell jar | Caster | Pouring year | Chime | Weight (kg) |
Diameter ( cm) |
Height (cm) |
inscription |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Franz Schilling | 1948 | G' | 490 | 97 | 77 | AFTER 1904 AND AFTER 1924 RE-CASTED IN GERMANY'S EMERGENCY TIME AD 1948 BY FRANZ SCHILLING SOEHNE IN APOLDA |
| 2. | Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock | 1960 | e ' | 1180 | 123 | 101 | LORD GOD YOU ARE OUR REFUGE FOR AND FOR. - PSALM 90 |
| 3. | Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock | 1960 | a ' | 450 | 91 | 75 | AND ALL THE WORLD JOIN THE LORD. - PSALM 100 |
The previous bells were melted down in both World War I and World War II .
Organs
The church had an organ built in 1969 by the EF Walcker & Cie workshop . It was a "universal organ" whose vocal range should allow a wide range of organ music - both for Bach and Reger compositions. The Walcker organ failed in 2005 in the middle of a concert. The instrument was dismantled and sold to the Philharmonic in Essentuki , Russia .
An organ building association began to hold benefit concerts in the church, the proceeds of which made it possible to purchase a new one. In addition, the lottery foundation financed part and numerous private individuals acted as donors. Of the 1.5 million euros required, 130,000 euros were still missing in September 2013, for which further donors and sponsors were sought.
In coordination with Professors Paolo Crivellaro and Leo van Doeselaar from the Berlin University of the Arts and the organ expert Michael Bernecker, the congregation had two organs built, each with its own sound profile, under the direction of their church musician Cornelius Häußermann . The installation of the newly built instruments began in 2011 and was completed in October 2013. On October 20, 2013, both organs were inaugurated by Bishop Wolfgang Huber in a service .
The organ gallery again offers space for performances with choir and orchestra. This is particularly important for the performance of cantatas in church services. In cooperation with the Berlin Bach Society, concerts with the new organs are held regularly. The organs will also be used for music lessons and exams at the University of the Arts.
Symphonic organ
A three-manual organ was built on the south pore by the Karl Schuke Berlin organ building workshop. It should meet concert and liturgical requirements and is in the French-symphonic tradition. Based on the works of Aristide Cavaillé-Coll , it is particularly suitable for romantic compositions. The organ adapts to the interior architecture, in that the previously covered rose window of the church tower on the south side of the church is now fully visible again. The organ has 44 sounding stops and two extensions . The total of 2673 pipes are distributed over three manuals and pedal. Récit and Positiv can be swelled.
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Pairing :
- Normal coupling
- Electrical coupling: III 16 ′, II 4 ′, II 16 ′, III P 4 ′, I 16 ′
- Playing aids : Setzer / Cavaillé-Coll (Appels)
"Bach" organ
The large organ is complemented by a smaller baroque organ by Rowan West , which is located on the side gallery. It is based on the tradition of Central German Baroque organs by Gottfried Silbermann and Tobias Heinrich Gottfried Trost , without copying a specific instrument, and is designed in particular to depict the organ works of Johann Sebastian Bach . The organ is “well tempered” and has 23 registers and two continuo registers in a lower organ tone with a total of 1577 pipes. The disposition is as follows:
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- Coupling: II / I, I / P, II / P
- Secondary register: tremulant
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Mood :
- Height a 1 = 440 Hz (except for two continuo registers)
- Well-tempered mood (Bach / Barnes)
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- Remarks
- ↑ a b as continuo register (a 1 = 415 Hz)
- ↑ made of wood, C – H together with Bourdon 16 ′ (main work), from c independent
- ↑ C – H together with Principal 8 ′ (main work), from c independent
literature
- Architects and Engineers Association of Berlin: Berlin and its buildings. Part 6: Sacred buildings. Ernst, Berlin a. a. 1997, ISBN 3-433-01016-1 .
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments . Berlin. 3rd edition, reviewed and supplemented by Michael Bollé. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin a. a. 2006, ISBN 3-422-03111-1 .
- Parish Council of the Evangelical Paulus Parish Berlin-Zehlendorf (ed.): Festschrift for the inauguration of the new organs. Berlin-Zehlendorf 2013.
- Günther Kühne, Elisabeth Stephani: Evangelical churches in Berlin. Berlin 1978.
- Hans-Joachim Kuke: 100 years of Pauluskirche - a look back. Berlin 2005.
- Hans-Jürgen Rach: The villages in Berlin. A handbook of the former rural communities in the urban area of Berlin 2nd, revised edition. Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-345-00243-4 .
- Klaus-Dieter Wille: The bells of Berlin (West). History and inventory (= The buildings and art monuments of Berlin. Supplement 16). Mann, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-7861-1443-9 .
Web links
- Evangelical Paulus Congregation Berlin-Zehlendorf
- Entry in the Berlin State Monument List with further information
- Organ building project
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Peter Uehling: When the organ collapsed in concert . In: Berliner Zeitung , August 4, 2013, p. 24, accessed on October 28, 2013.
- ↑ Armin Lehmann: The organ experiment from Zehlendorf . In: Der Tagesspiegel , September 3, 2013, accessed on October 28, 2013.
- ^ Lothar Beckmann: Protestant festival service for two church music miracles. In: Der Tagesspiegel , October 18, 2013, accessed on October 20, 2013.
- ↑ paulusgemeinde-zehlendorf.de: [1] , accessed on August 29, 2018.
- ^ Parish council of the Evangelical Paulus Parish Berlin-Zehlendorf (ed.): Festschrift for the inauguration of the new organs. Berlin-Zehlendorf 2013, p. 29.
- ^ Parish council of the Evangelical Paulus Parish Berlin-Zehlendorf (ed.): Festschrift for the inauguration of the new organs. Berlin-Zehlendorf 2013, p. 42.
Coordinates: 52 ° 26 '1.3 " N , 13 ° 15' 27.1" E