Pension Moritz

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The Pension Moritz was an accommodation establishment founded in 1878 by Mauritia "Moritz" Mayer (1833-1897) in Obersalzberg , at that time still a Gnotschaft of the independent municipality of Salzberg (Berchtesgaden) , which has been a district of Berchtesgaden in the Berchtesgadener Land district since 1972 .

According to Albert A. Feiber, her pension is “at the beginning of tourism in Germany and Central Europe”, and Mauritia Mayer herself is considered to be “a pioneer of modern tourism”. With its first offer aimed specifically at attracting tourists, the pension opened up an important new source of income in addition to salt mining, especially for the district sub-region of Berchtesgadener Land .

At the turn of the century, the pension was run under the name Gebirgskurhaus Obersalzberg and leased from 1920 by Bruno Büchner , who acquired it in 1928 and renamed it Platterhof . Among other things, he had A guest of Adolf Hitler , who later had the pension incorporated into his Führer's restricted area as the Volkshotel Platterhof , which, after a few extensions and renovations, was incorporated into the organization Kraft durch Freude . After the Second World War destroyed partially building as part of a recreational center of US forces repaired and after General Walton Walker in Walker Hotel General renamed.

After the Americans released the property on Obersalzberg, most of the buildings were demolished in 1999/2000 as part of the two-pillar concept of the Bavarian state government . Only the foundations of the former Hoher Göll guest house , on which the Obersalzberg documentation was built, and part of the bunker system that is now integrated into the documentation remain. The former outbuilding of the terrace hall serves as a restaurant again. The listed outdoor staircase connects the documentation with one of the visitor parking spaces, which now extends over the area of ​​the former main building. The new Kehlstein departure point was built at the location of the employee building.

history

Pension Moritz - beginnings

Pension Moritz around 1900

On September 10, 1877, Mauritia Mayer acquired the old Steinhaus farm estate from Joh. Hofreiter, including the half of the Kehlalpe on the Kehlstein, at a price of 13,500 Mk . For this she needed financial support and received it from good acquaintances such as the medical councilor Theodor Weber , the government doctor Dr. Rieß and the painter Gustav Spangenberg . In addition to cultivating her fields, Mauritia Mayer redesigned the previously primitively furnished stone house into a guesthouse and opened it in 1878 under the name Pension Moritz . Not far from the guest house, she built the Hoher Göll building (house no. 5 1/2) as an annex in 1882 , for which she received the business license to run an inn in the same year. The pension business was expanded with the addition of a side wing (1884), an economic building (1885), the connection of the former home with the guesthouse (1886), in which she had ancillary rooms and other guest rooms installed, as well as structural changes in the Hoher Göll house ( 1888). The dining room of the guesthouse was also furnished by Georg Waltenberger with scenes from the Berchtesgaden legends on wall paintings and Mayer also had roads to the guesthouse (expanded) built, such as the access road from Salzburger Straße and on the previously narrow path to Hintereck.

Prominent guests promote tourism

Gästehaus Hoher Göll: top left: original building, top right: during the Nazi era, large: Obersalzberg documentation

The Moritz Pension accommodated numerous prominent guests under Mayer's ownership: in addition to Richard Voss , who had been friends with her for a long time, Clara Schumann , Johannes Brahms , Joseph Joachim , Peter Rosegger , Ludwig Ganghofer , Ludwig Knaus , Franz von Lenbach and Carl von Linde, among others . In addition, members of the Austro-Bavarian and Prussian royal families were their guests. In this context, the historian A. Helm points out “that Moritz Mayer has made a great contribution to the promotion of tourism and contributed a lot to the popularization of Obersalzberg as a resort. [...] Later on, her endeavor also succeeded in having guests on the Obersalzberg even during winter and spring, yes, she is perhaps the first to get her guests enthusiastic about winter sports [...]. "

After Mauritia Mayer's death, her younger sister Antonie Mayer inherited the Moritz Pension , which she renamed the Obersalzberg Mountain Health Resort at the beginning of the 20th century . She continued the business until 1919 and then sold it.

Pension Platterhof - takeover by Bruno Büchner

From 1920, the new owners appointed Bruno Büchner as the lessee, who acquired the house in 1928 and renamed it Platterhof . In connection with the renaming, Büchner and his wife created the impression for advertising purposes that the plot of the then very famous novel Two People by Richard Voss had its real setting in the pension, and Mauritia Mayer and the novelist Voss were with the main characters Judith Platter and Count Rochus von Enna are identical.

The National Socialist journalist Dietrich Eckart , who was wanted by an arrest warrant for insulting Reich President Friedrich Ebert, hid with the Büchners . In the summer of 1925, after his release from prison, Adolf Hitler was also a guest under the name Hugo Wolf . At the time , he wrote the second part of his manuscript of Mein Kampf in a small log cabin on the property of the guesthouse, later known as the Kampfhäusl .

Volkshotel Platterhof - incorporation into the Führer's restricted area

Aerial photo of the daytime attack on Obersalzberg on April 25, 1945. On the right the Platterhof complex: above the post office, on the right below the terrace hall , slightly to the left below the main building, further to the left below diagonally the carriage hall , further away below the main building the guest house Hoher Göll ; In the middle of the picture the Berghof , left in the smoke the SS barracks

After the seizure of power , however, Büchner - like the other residents of the village - was put under pressure by Martin Bormann to sell his land, as Obersalzberg was to be expanded as an exclusive retreat for the heads of the state to become a Führer's restricted area (→ redesign of Obersalzberg ). Büchner was denigrated - it was said that his food was spoiled, that he treated his adopted daughter Brigitte badly and had a criminal record - and expelled from the NSDAP. In 1936 the Platterhof was closed by SS men , electricity and water were turned off and the property was fenced off. The Büchners received 260,000  Reichsmarks , only around half of the purchase price they wanted, and had to leave Obersalzberg. Subsequently, the Platterhof including the Hoher Göll guest house was incorporated into the Führer's restricted area until 1945 and underwent a few more extensions and renovations to become the Volkshotel Platterhof , which, according to Ulrich Chaussy , was included in the organization Kraft durch Freude as “KDF-Hotel Platterhof” . After these extensive renovations, the Platterhof complex comprised : an extensively expanded main building, the Hoher Göll guest house , the terrace hall, a post and shop building as well as the car hall with the staff building above.

Hotel General Walker - Takeover by the US Forces

After World War II the building was parallel to the removal of most of the other Nazi buildings by the US forces repaired and after the American General Walton Walker in Walker Hotel General renamed. The main building and the terrace hall were repaired in detail; the guest house Hoher Göll and the carriage hall with staff rooms remained as ruins. The post office and shop building was replaced by a parking lot. The Hotel General Walker served the US Army together with numerous other properties, including the former studio of Albert Speer ( Evergreen Lodge ) and the former estate as a recreation center.

Returned to the Free State of Bavaria

Ruins of the car hall and staff building demolished in 1999/2000

With the withdrawal of the US armed forces and the associated dissolution of the Armed Forces Recreation Center , the use of the former NSDAP properties was also transferred to the Free State of Bavaria in 1996 . In accordance with the two-pillar concept of the former Bavarian Finance Minister Kurt Faltlhauser ( CSU ), the Bavarian state government then decided to build a luxury hotel on Obersalzberg, today's Kempinski Hotel Berchtesgaden , as well as a center for documenting the atrocities committed during Nazi rule in order to create one To prevent pilgrimage sites for right-wing extremists and to set up a counterpart to the “commercial exploitation” of the site.

Almost complete demolition - including overbuilt Pension Moritz building parts

After the demolition of the Hotel General Walker in 1999/2000, only the terrace hall built by Hermann Giesler in 1940/1941 , a single-storey, generously windowed flat saddle roof building with an arcade to the east, as well as the ashlar masonry built by Roderich Fick from 1939 to 1941 and now listed terrace retaining walls and open stairs of the former Platterhof conversions or new buildings within the former Führer's restricted area .

When it was demolished, according to Ulrich Chaussy, “the centuries-old structure of the 'Pension Moritz' reappeared. The beams, ceilings and walls of the ancient 'stone house fiefs' were not torn down during the renovation (...), but simply built over to make clear.

Use of the remaining parts of the building

The former terrace hall
Bunkers and stairs (documentation Obersalzberg)

Part of the facility, the guest house and Platterhof bunker , has been part of the Obersalzberg documentation as a real exhibit since 1999 . In the south there is a large visitor car park on the former Platterhof site , which offers parking spaces for coaches, among other things. In the area of ​​the bus parking lot there is also a historic bunker entrance to the Platterhof , which is currently used as a second escape route. From the north-western side of the main car park you can access the current documentation via the historic and listed staircase of the Platterhof and via the adjoining access road.

Terrace hall

The terrace hall , located between the access road to the documentation and the parking lot, was renovated by the new owners and has been operated as the Obersalzberg mountain inn during the main season (May - October) .

literature

Web links

  • Geoff Walden: Third Reich in Ruins. numerous indoor and outdoor photos of Pension Moritz , Hotel Platterhof and Hotel General Walker , annotated in English ; online at thirdreichruins.com

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e A. Helm: Berchtesgaden through the ages. Pp. 214-218.
  2. ^ A b Albert A. Feiber: The documentation Obersalzberg near Berchtesgaden. ( Memento from December 15, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) see section 5, online at obersalzberg.de
  3. ↑ a b For the changing names see Albert A. Feiber: The documentation Obersalzberg near Berchtesgaden. ( Memento from December 15, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), online at obersalzberg.de
  4. ↑ Manfred Feulner : Richard Voss in Berchtesgaden. Berchtesgaden 1998, p. 42.
  5. ↑ A. Helm : Moritz Mayer - a life picture of the heroine Judith Platter of the novel "Zwei Menschen" by Richard Voss. 1930, p. 32. (in collaboration with Magdalene Ziemke, 2nd edition. 1959)
  6. ↑ Irene Zanol: The reception of Richard Voss' bestseller "Zwei Menschen". Seminar work at the end of the winter semester 2009/2010, Institute for German Studies, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck , PDF , see page 16 of 29 pages.
  7. ↑ NS-Residenz Obersalzberg: Der Höhenwahn. on einestages.spiegel.de
  8. ↑ Bavarian Historical Archive, StK 114 105
  9. ↑ Ulrich Chaussy, Christoph Püschner: Neighbor Hitler. Führer cult and destruction of homes on Obersalzberg. P. 97 f.
  10. ↑ a b c Ulrich Chaussy , Christoph Püschner: Neighbor Hitler: Führer cult and destruction of homes on Obersalzberg. P. 224 f.
  11. ^ TU Munich , Architekturmuseum Collection: Roderich Fick : Gasthof Platterhof, site plan, online [1] , accessed on June 30, 2017.
  12. ^ Documentation Obersalzberg - Auslobung. State Building Authority Traunstein, p. 21.
  13. ↑ Katharina Wiechers: bankruptcy project. The loss of millions on Obersalzberg . In: Augsburger Allgemeine . May 27, 2009 ( web archive [accessed October 27, 2009]). Web archive ( Memento from May 31, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  14. ↑ "Place of the perpetrator" and historical clarification. Lecture by Volker Dahm (employee of the Institute for Contemporary History ; Munich-Berlin, technical director of the Obersalzberg documentation) on the occasion of a symposium in two parts (December 5 to 7, 2002, January 16 to 17, 2003), to be read in the conference proceedings p. 198–210, quotation p. 199 f. ( Online ( memento of April 28, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) at ns-dokumentationszentrum-muenchen.de; direct link to the PDF file with 1652 kB on the accessed page).
  15. ^ Documentation Obersalzberg - Auslobung. State Building Authority Traunstein, p. 28.
  16. ^ Documentation Obersalzberg - Auslobung. State Building Authority Traunstein, p. 23.
  17. ^ Documentation Obersalzberg - Auslobung. State Building Authority Traunstein, p. 35.
  18. ↑ a b Documentation Obersalzberg - Award. State Building Authority Traunstein, p. 26.
  19. ^ Documentation Obersalzberg - Auslobung. State Building Authority Traunstein, p. 22.

Coordinates: 47 ° 37 ′ 51.1 ″  N , 13 ° 2 ′ 29.7 ″  E