Platostoma palustre

Platostoma palustre
	Platostoma palustre
Systematics
Order :	Mint family (Lamiales)
Family :	Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily :	Nepetoideae
Tribe :	Ocimeae
Genre :	Platostoma
Type :	Platostoma palustre
Scientific name
	Platostoma palustre
	( Flower ) AJPaton

Platostoma palustre is a species of the genus Platostoma within the family Labiatae (Lamiaceae). It is naturally widespread in tropical Asia to China and isa neophyte in Malesia . Platostoma palustre is used in many ways.

Description and phenology

Appearance and leaf

Platostoma palustre grows as an annual herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 15 to 100 centimeters. The above-ground parts of the plant are hairy ( indument ). The square stem is initially hairy to finely bristled and later bald.

The opposite leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The petiole is 5 to 15 millimeters long. The simple leaf blade is 2 to 5 centimeters long and 0.8 to 2.8 centimeters wide, narrow-ovoid to almost circular with a wedge-shaped or sometimes rounded blade base and a pointed to blunt upper end. The leaf margin is sawn. The leaf surfaces are finely bristly to shaggy hairy or they are bald or on the underside of the leaf there are trichomes along the leaf veins .

Inflorescence, flower and fruit

In China, the flowering period extends from July to October. Enständig on an inflorescence stem standing in a 2 to 10, often up to 13 centimeters long, spiked total inflorescence , several uprightly or obliquely upwards Scheinquirle each with several flowers. The brightly colored, seated bracts are circular to rhombic-egg-shaped or almost lanceolate with a tail-pointed upper end; they are shorter to slightly longer than the flowers. The usually 3 to 4, rarely up to 5 millimeters long, thin flower stalk has short hairs.

The hermaphrodite flower is zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are fused bell-shaped. The dense, white, finely haired calyx is 2 to 2.5 millimeters long during anthesis and extends to about 3 to 5 millimeters when the fruit is ripe. The ten-nerved calyx is two-lipped, with the relatively large, middle lobe of the three-lobed upper lip ending in a pointed to blunt manner and the lower lip sometimes being edged. The five white or reddish, downy, hairy petals are fused to form a crown about 3 millimeters long. The corolla tube has a length of about 3 millimeters. The corn throat is very wide. The upper lip is four-lobed or almost unlobed. The two side lobes are longer than the middle. The lower lip is longer than the upper lip. There are two unequal pairs of stamens that grow together with the crown, but are free from one another; they tower above the corolla. The upper pair of stamens is longer than the lower pair of stamens, which is roughly hairy at the base. The ovary is on top. The stylus is longer than the stamens, unevenly two columns and ends in a two-lobed stigma, the stigma lobes being sub-like.

The Klaus fruit is enveloped in the enlarged calyx and breaks up into four Klausen. During the fruiting period, the calyx is almost bare or hairy on the nerves. The black clauses are elongated. In China, the fruits ripen from July to October.

Occurrence

The natural distribution area of Platostoma palustre extends from tropical Asia from India to Myanmar to Indochina and to southern China and Taiwan . In China, it thrives in ravines and on grassy, dry and sandy locations in the provinces of Guangdong , Guangxi , Jiangxi and Zhejiang . Platostoma palustre is a neophyte in Malesia, particularly in central Sumatra , Java , the Lesser Sunda Islands ( Bali , Lombok , Sumbawa ), Sulawesi , in the northern half of Luzon and in Wau . Platostoma palustre is particularly grown on Java .

Taxonomy

It was first published under the name ( Basionym ) Mesona palustris in 1826 by Carl Ludwig von Blume in Flora Hongkongensis , pp. 274-275. The new combination to Platostoma palustre was made by Alan James Paton in Classification and species of Platostoma and its relationship with Haumaniastrum (Labiatae). published in Kew Bulletin , Volume 52, 1997, p. 281. At Paton 1997, Platostoma chinense (Benth.) AJPaton and Platostoma palustre (flower) AJPaton were considered two separate species, but in Suddee 2005 Platostoma chinense (Benth.) AJPaton became a synonym of Platostoma palustre (flower) AJPaton . Other synonyms for Platostoma palustre (Blume) AJPaton are: Geniosporum parviflorum Benth. , Mesona wallichiana Benth. nom. illeg., Mesona chinensis Benth. , Mesona procumbens Hemsl. , Mesona parviflora (Benth.) Briq. Hayata , Mesona elegans , Mesona philippinensis Merr. , Platostoma chinense (Benth.) AJPaton .

use

Platostoma palustre is used in many ways.

In English, Platostoma palustre is called Black Cincau . A gelatinous, cooling drink is made from the dried leaves. In Java, the locally popular dish “cincau hideung” is made by adding ashes of burned rice stalks to a decoction of dried leaves to create the black color; it is mixed with sago or Dassava starch and cooked. After cooling, the jelly is cut into cubes and made into a pleasant drink with coconut milk or sugar syrup. From platostoma palustre is grass jelly made (see below). In the Chinese provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi, the decoction made from dried plant parts mixed with rice water is used to make a cooling drink.

Per 100 g of fresh leaves contain about: 66 g water, 6 g protein , 1 g fat, 26 g carbohydrates , 100 mg Ca, 100 mg P, 3 mg Fe, 10750 IU vitamin A , 80 mg vitamin B1 , 17 mg vitamin C. . The energy content is about 510 kJ per 100 g. It contains about 11% pectin . The leaves contain saponins , flavonoids and tannins as important plant components . The blackish color was believed to be caused by the presence of tannic acid combined with pectin and other unidentified ingredients.

In China, the common name is凉粉草 liang fen cao. In China, “cincau” means “cool leaves” or medicine. The leaves are used medicinally against dysentery , enteritis , abdominal pain , white flow (leucorrhea) and hoarseness .

swell

Xi-wen Li, Ian C. Hedge: Lamiaceae. : Mesona chinensis , p. 296 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 17: Verbenaceae through Solanaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1994. ISBN 0-915279-24-X (Description and Distribution Sections)
Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): WCSP = World Checklist of Selected Plant Families at Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. (Sections Systematics and Distribution)
Platostoma palustre (Blume) AJPaton - Datasheet from Ken Fern: Useful Tropical Plants Database 2012.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Xi-wen Li, Ian C. Hedge: Lamiaceae. : Mesona chinensis , p. 296 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 17: Verbenaceae through Solanaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1994. ISBN 0-915279-24-X
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Mesona palustris Blume - data sheet at ProseaNet .
↑ ^a ^b Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): WCSP = World Checklist of Selected Plant Families at Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
↑ Blume 1826 scanned in at biodiversitylibrary.org .
^ Alan James Paton: Classification and species of Platostoma and its relationship with Haumaniastrum (Labiatae). In: Kew Bulletin , Volume 52, 1997, pp. 257-292. JSTOR 4110385
↑ Platostoma palustre at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed August 1, 2014.
^ Platostoma palustre in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved August 1, 2014.
^ S. Suddee, Alan James Paton, JAN Parnell: Taxonomic Revision of the tribe Ocimeae Dumort (Lamiaceae) in continental South East Asia III. Ociminae. In: Kew Bulletin , Volume 60, 2005, pp. 3-75. JSTOR 4110885
↑ ^a ^b ^c Platostoma palustre (Blume) AJPaton - Datasheet from Ken Fern: Useful Tropical Plants Database 2012.

Web links

Commons : Platostoma palustre - collection of images, videos and audio files

Mesona chinensis Benth. - Datasheet of the Medicinal Plant Images Database of the School of Chinese Medicine at Hong Kong Baptist University .

Wayne P. Armstrong: Grass Jelly (Mesona chinensis). Refreshing Herb In The Mint Family. In: Wayne's Word. Retrieved July 12, 2020 .
Illustration from the Flora of China .
Mesona palustris Blume at Globinmed = Global Information Hub on Integrated Medicine .