Political system of Slovenia

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The Slovenian political system in its present form as an independent constitutional republic came into being in 1991. The system, designed as a representative democracy , is characterized by a bicameral parliament set up by the government.

houses of Parliament

The Slovenian parliament can be seen as an “imperfect” bicameral parliament. It consists of a first “decisive” chamber, the State Assembly ( državni zbor ), and a second “advisory” chamber, the State Council ( državni svet ). The State Assembly is directly elected for four years and has 90 members. The two recognized autochthonous national minorities ( Italians and Hungarians ) have the right to send one representative each. These minority representatives have an absolute right to veto laws and general legal provisions that exclusively affect the rights and situation of the respective minority .

A dual function as a member of the government and a member of parliament is prohibited. Legal acts, laws, resolutions and the like are passed with a simple majority, while constitutional amendments require a two-thirds majority. The State Assembly elects the Prime Minister on the proposal of the President . It also has control over the government through the possibility of a no-confidence vote . The chairman of the assembly is also elected by the latter and, together with his three deputies, the group chairmen and the two members of the national minorities, form the presidential college, an advisory body for the president.

The State Council serves as the second chamber to represent regional and functional interests. It has 40 members, 22 of whom are regionally deployed. The remaining places are divided as follows: four representatives each from employers, employees, farmers and traders, as well as six representatives from non-economic interests. The Council of State is elected for a five-year term and, as mentioned above, has an advisory role. However, he also has a veto right, which is only of a suspensive nature.

President

The Slovenian President is elected directly by the people for a term of five years . He is the Commander-in-Chief of the Slovenian Armed Forces and can be removed from office by an action brought by the State Assembly to the Constitutional Court and a subsequent two-thirds majority by the Court of Justice. If the State Assembly does not accept the candidate for prime minister proposed by him, he can dissolve it. The president must dissolve the assembly and call new elections if it cannot subsequently agree on its own candidate. A one-time re-election is possible.

government

The Slovenian government is divided into the Prime Minister , the Ministers and their Secretaries. It is subject to parliamentary control by the State Assembly. A vote of no confidence can be initiated at the suggestion of at least ten MPs. The State Assembly can also file a complaint against the government with the Constitutional Court. The Prime Minister has the right to ask a vote of confidence at any time or to combine any law with one. The State Assembly can also launch an interpellation against individual members of the government . If this is successful, the Prime Minister must remove the respective member from the government.

Electoral system

The State Assembly is elected in multiple constituencies on the basis of proportional representation. There are eight constituencies for this purpose. The threshold is four percent. The two representatives of the minorities are elected exclusively by their ethnic groups. In the elections of the State Council, the country is divided into 22 constituencies. The municipalities form electoral bodies that elect the representatives. The representatives of functional interests are elected and sent by interest groups. A majority vote is used in the election of the President . An absolute majority is necessary. If this is not achieved, there is a runoff election .

Parties

A large number of parties exist in Slovenia. In the parliamentary elections there were 33 parties in 1992, 22 parties in 1996 and 23 parties in 2000.

When classifying in the political spectrum , the terms left and right are sometimes used differently in Slovenia than in German-speaking and English-speaking countries.

The name of the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia , which is located between liberal and right-wing populist by international standards , was just as misleading as the classification of the right-wing extremist (as xenophobic and militarist) Slovenian National Party as "left" (due to the Tito cultivated by its party chairman Zmago Jelinčič Cult).

In the following, the parties are sorted according to the common understanding of the political spectrum in German and English-speaking countries:

Left parties in the narrower sense were not represented in the Slovenian parliament until 2014. The Komunistična Partija Slovenije (Communist Party of Slovenia) could not record any significant electoral successes. In 2014 the socialist electoral alliance Združena levica (United Left) entered parliament for the first time.

Center-left parties are:

The political center includes:

Christian Democratic-Conservative Parties:
Originally the Slovenski krščanski democi (SKD, Slovenian Christian Democrats) and the Slovenska ljudska stranka ( Slovenian People's Party , SLS) existed. Both parties merged in 2000 to form SKD + SLS, now the party only bears the name SLS. After the unification of both parties, the New Slovenia (N.Si) party split off from the SKD + SLS .

The Slovenian Democratic Party (formerly: Social Democratic Party of Slovenia) lies between liberal and right-wing populist.

Right-wing extremist parties are the Slovenian National Party and the Slovenian National Right, which has split off from it .

legislation

Bills are dealt with in three readings in the State Assembly. The simple majority can pass simple laws, a qualified majority of two thirds of the constitutional laws. A possible veto of the State Council can be overruled by an insistence resolution of the State Assembly (simple majority). The law must be promulgated by the President of the Republic in order to come into force .

Jurisprudence

The following dishes exist in Slovenia:

  • the Constitutional Court ( Ustavno sodišče )
  • the Supreme Court ( Vrhovno sodišče )
    • an administrative court ( Upravno sodišče )
    • 4 higher courts ( Višje sodišče )
      • 11 district courts ( Okrožno sodišče )
        • 44 district courts ( Okrajno sodišče )
    • a higher labor and social court ( Višje delovno in socialno sodišče )
      • 3 labor courts ( Delovno sodišče ), one labor and social court ( Delovno in socialno sodišče ).

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ cf. Lukšič 2004, p. 659
  2. ↑ Jelinčič has already referred to himself as left, see [1] ; The SNS is also classified as left in the scientific literature in Slovenia, see PDF ( Memento of the original from July 25, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , P. 228 below: leans more to the left than to the right @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / mrvar.fdv.uni-lj.si
  3. ↑ cf. Lukšič 2004, p. 661
  4. ↑ cf. Art. 160 of the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia
  5. ↑ cf. Art. 127 of the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia
  6. ↑ europa.eu: Member State Court Organization - Slovenia