Prokofi Akinfijewitsch Demidow
Prokofi Akinfijewitsch Demidov ( Russian Прокофий Акинфиевич Демидов ; born June 8 jul. / 19th June 1710 greg. In Siberia , † November 4 jul. / 15. November 1786 greg. In Moscow ) was a Russian major industrial , botanist and patron .
Life
Demidov father was the mining - Industrial akinfiy nikitich demidov from the noble family Demidov , who married his second wife Jefimija Ivanovna Palzewa.
Demidow studied and lived in Hamburg , where his sons grew up. He did not take any public office. He was proud of his descent from a blacksmith (his grandfather Nikita Demidow ) and was known as an eccentric even to crowned heads. He had five children with his first wife, Matrjona Antipowna Pastuchowa. She died in 1764. In terms of his private life, Demidov was known as a tyrant.
Demidov's father died in 1745. According to the will , which was influenced by his stepmother Yefimija Ivanovna , Demidow inherited just like his younger brother Grigori Akinfijewitsch Demidow only salt mining operations and lands in the governments of Kazan , Kaluga , Nizhny Novgorod , Yaroslavl and Vologda , while the youngest stepbrother Nikita Demidovich, all of Hüttenwerke and the largest part the capital of the family group's received. Demidow complained to the influential Vice Chancellor Michael Larionowitsch Voronzow about the unjust distribution of the paternal estate , and both older brothers now applied to Empress Elisabeth to repeal the will, whereupon, on behalf of Empress General Field Marshal Alexander Buturlin , the paternal inheritance was divided into three equal parts in accordance with the inheritance laws of that time distributed among the three brothers. As a successful entrepreneur, Demidow increased his property and founded more steelworks, so that he finally owned 55 steelworks. He sold his most profitable works to Sawwa Jakowlewitsch Jakowlew .
Demidov bought in 1754 from the general and hydrograph Fyodor Ivanovich Soimonov and the general Vasily Anikititsch Repnin an estate on the Moskva River in Neskuchnoye, which is now part of Moscow's Neskuchny Park. He had a baroque palace built there and then laid out a botanical garden in the form of an amphitheater with a winter and summer orangery .
In 1772 Demidow founded the Demidow Business School in Moscow. He donated generously for the construction of the Moscow Orphanage and was a member of the Board of Trustees . He built a maternity hospital there at his own expense . From 1779 he regularly supported the University of Moscow and donated six Demidow scholarships , the first recipients of which were Jakow Repin, Vasili Arshensovsky , Matwei Gavrilow , Mikhail Stepanow, Nikolai Popow and Mikhail Bagrjanski . Demidov supported the St. Petersburg Opera and many elementary schools and charities across the country. For his charity he received the title Real Council of State (IV class ).
Demidow devoted himself enthusiastically to botany . He was particularly interested in seed plants and was the author of a number of botanical taxa . In the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants , these taxa have the suffix PADemidov . The Demidoviana rose was named after him. He set up a herbarium and handed it over to Moscow University. He wrote a study on the bees and loved the songbirds . In his parade portrait of Dmitri Grigoryevich Levitsky , he leans on his watering can and points to a planter. Peter Simon Pallas spent a whole month at Demidov's Neskuchnoye estate and in 1781 compiled a catalog of the plants in Demidov's garden. Demidov's manuscript on Kirscha Danilov's Bylenen collection is in the Russian National Library .
In 1784 Demidow married his long-time lover Tatiana Wassiljewna Semjonowa (1748–1800), without informing his family, with whom he had three daughters. Only his stepbrother Nikita was present at the wedding. Demidov was buried near his country estate in the Moscow Donskoy monastery cemetery.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Большая биографическая энциклопедия: Демидов, Прокопий Акинфиевич (accessed November 16, 2017).
- ↑ a b Василий Егорович Рудаков: Демидовы, семья . In: Brockhaus-Efron . tape X , 1893, p. 363–365 ( Wikisource [accessed November 16, 2017]).
- ↑ Шевырёв С. П .: История Московского университета . Moscow 1855, p. 113 ( rsl.ru [accessed November 17, 2017]).
- ^ The International Plant Names Index: Demidov, Prokofiy Akinfievich (accessed November 17, 2017).
- ↑ Dmitri Grigorjewitsch Levizki 1735–1822: Каталог временной выставки ( Russian Museum ) . Искусство, Ленинградское отделение, Leningrad 1987.
- ↑ Романюк С. К .: Москва за Садовым кольцом . АСТ, 2007, p. 453 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Demidow, Prokofi Akinfijewitsch |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Демидов, Никита Акинфиевич (Russian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian industrialist, botanist and patron |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 19, 1710 |
| DATE OF DEATH | November 15, 1786 |
| Place of death | Moscow |