Prosopis cineraria
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Prosopis cineraria |
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| ( L. ) Druce |
Prosopis cineraria is a species of plant from the genus Prosopis in the subfamily of the mimosa family (Mimosoideae) within the legume family (Fabaceae). A well-known example is the Shajarat al-Haya in Bahrain .
description
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Appearance and leaf
Prosopis cineraria grows as a large shrub or small to medium-sized tree , which can reach heights of up to 6.5 meters, rarely up to 10 meters. Prosopis cineraria is mostly evergreen, in some locations only almost like that. Individual specimens can live for several hundred years. It has deep roots; the taproot can be more than 3 meters long. The ash-gray bark is rough with deep cracks. Prosopis cineraria has isolated standing, internodal spines that are straight and conical with a broad base.
The alternate leaves arranged on the branches are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is 0.5 to 4 inches long. The leaf hachis is 1.2 to 5 cm long. The bald or downy hairy leaf blade is pinnate in two pairs. The one to three partial leaves of the first order are 2 to 7 inches long. The leaflets are arranged in 7 to 14 pairs. The more or less sedentary leaflets are ovate, straight to almost sickle-shaped and end with a spike tip with a length of 4 to 15 millimeters and a width of 2 to 4.5 millimeters. Dry leaflets are grayish. There are no veins visible or at most two to four at the base of the leaflets. The central vein is not in the middle. The early falling stipules are leaf-like.
Inflorescence and flower
In Prosopis cineraria there are several cylindrical, spike-shaped , racemose inflorescences with a length of 5 to 13 centimeters and almost panicle at the sides . Two bracts each encompass the 1.0 to 2.5 cm long inflorescence stem, or more rarely they are fused. The bracts fall off and leave a crooked, 1.5 to 2 millimeter long leaf scar. The sessile, early falling bracts are 0.5 to 0.8 millimeters long. The flower stalk is initially 0.5 millimeters long and extends to 1.5 millimeters by the time the fruit is ripe.
The relatively small, hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and fünfzählig double perianth (perianth). The five bald, 0.8 to 1.2 millimeter long sepals are fused, trimmed and the calyx teeth are only short. The five yellow, bare petals are 3 to 4 millimeters long, fused to the middle and they roll back at the end of the anthesis . The ten free stamens protrude slightly from the corolla. The anthers are 0.8 to 1 millimeter long. The stamp is bare. There are many ovules in the single, upper carpel .
Fruit and seeds
The hanging legumes , 8 to 19 centimeters long, including the 0.8 to 2 centimeter long fruit stalk, are slender, elongated with a diameter of 4 to 7 millimeters, almost cylindrical, bulging and bare. The legumes do not open when ripe and contain 10 to 15 seeds. The endocarp segments are thin, longitudinal, and poorly developed. The mesocarp is spongy. The pericarp is thin and brittle. The brown seeds are egg-shaped and flattened with a length of up to 6 millimeters.
Chromosome set
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.
ecology
In Prosopis cineraria is a root system in symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing against microorganisms.
Taxonomy
The first publication was in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Mimosa cineria by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , Volume 1, 1753, p. 517. The new combination to Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce was in 1914 by George Claridge Druce in Botanical Exchange Club and Society of the British Isles (Report) , Volume 3, Issue 5, p. 422, published 1914. A homonym is Prosopis cineraria (L.) JFMacbr. Further synonyms for Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce are: Prosopis spicata Burm. f. , Prosopis spicigera L.
Occurrence
The original range of Prosopis cineraria is in arid areas in West Asia , on the Arabian Peninsula and in the desert and semi-deserts of the Indian subcontinent , especially in Rajasthan . There are localities in Saudi Arabia , the United Arab Emirates , Oman , Yemen, Afghanistan , Iran , India and Pakistan .
use
Prosopis cineraria provides good firewood with a calorific value of approx. 21 MJ / kg. The leaves and legumes are good fodder for all types of livestock . Prosopis cineraria binds sand well and breaks the wind . Prosopis cineraria is also used for green manure .
The medical effects are being studied. Prosopis cineraria is a medicinal plant of Ayurveda .
Common names
Common names are: Janty, Janti, Jandi, Khejri (India); Jand (Pakistan); Ghaf, Kandi, Banni, Gandasein, Vanni, Jammi, Chaunkra, Khar, Sami, Shami, Sumri, Vanni-andara, Katu andara, Kalapu andara, Lunu andara.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Syed Irtifaq Ali: Flora of West Pakistan. 36. Mimosaceae. Stewart Herbarium, Gordon College (inter alia), Rawalpindi 1973 Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis online at Tropicos.org. of the Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
- ↑ a b c d Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce - data sheet ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at PROTA4U - PROTA = Plant Resources of Tropical Africa . ( Memento of the original from March 6, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Prosopis cineraria - WorldAgroforestry data sheet from C. Orwa, A. Mutua, R. Kindt, R. Jamnadass, S Anthony, 2009: Agroforestree Database : a tree reference and selection guide , Version 4.0.
- ↑ a b Prosopis cineraria at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed September 8, 2016.
- ↑ a b Data sheet at International Legume Database Information Service = ILDIS - LegumeWeb - World Database of Legumes , Version 10.38 from July 20, 2010.
- ↑ a b c d e Prosopis cineraria in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
- ↑ a b c d e data sheet at NFTA 91-04, 1991 - A quick guide to useful nitrogen fixing trees from around the world . ( Memento of the original from March 20, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Prosopis cineraria at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b Anirudh Khatri, Anita Rathore, UK Patil: Prosopis cineraria (L.) druce: a boon plant of desert — an overview. In: International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research = IJBAR ( Memento of the original from March 16, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Volume 1, Issue 5, 2010, pp. 141-149. doi : 10.7439 / ijbar.v1i5.14 full text PDF.
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Lars Salvius: Stockholm, Volume 1, 1753, p. 517. scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
- ^ George Claridge Druce: The botanical exchange club and society of the British Isles. Volume 3, Part 5, 1914, p. 422. online (PDF)
- ↑ a b data sheet with photos at Flora of Qatar .
- ↑ a b c data sheet at Useful Tropical Plants by Ken Fern.
- ↑ Le Houérou: Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce - data sheet at FAO Plant Production and Protection Division (AGP).
- ↑ Khejri (Prosopis cineraria) a wonder tree at gits4u . ( Memento of the original from March 3, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ N. Sharma, V. Garg, A. Paul}: Antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidative potential of Prosopis cineraria bark. In: Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry , Volume 25, Issue 2, 2010, pp. 193-200. PMID 23105909 , doi : 10.1007 / s12291-010-0035-9 , PMC 3453094 (free full text).
- ↑ KH Janbaz, S. Haider, I. Imran, M. Zia-Ul-Haq, L. De Martino, V. De Feo: Pharmacological Evaluation of Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce in Gastrointestinal, Respiratory, and Vascular Disorders. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine. In: eCAM. 2012; 2012: 735653. PMID 23431326 , doi : 10.1155 / 2012/735653 . PMC 3540920 (free full text).
- ↑ a b data sheet at NewCROP - the New Crop Resource Online Program at Purdue University.
- ↑ Data sheet at “Give a Ghaf” Tree Planting Program .
- ↑ Ashish Kumar Pareek, Shiv Garg, Manoj Kumar, Sardar mal yadav: Prosopis Spicigera: A Nature's Gift. In: International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research (IJPSR) , Volume 6, Issue 6, June 2015, pp. 958-964. PDF.
- ↑ Imran Shair Mohammad, Haji Muhammad Shoaib Khan, Naveed Akhtar, Fatima Rasool: Biological Potential and Phytochemical Evaluation of Prosopis cineraria In: World Applied Sciences Journal , Volume 27, Issue 11, 2013, pp. 1489-1494. ISSN 1818-4952, doi : 10.5829 / idosi.wasj.2013.27.11.1674 PDF.
- ↑ MD Ukani, NB Limbani, N. K Mehta: A Review on the Ayurvedic Herb Prosopis cineraria (L) Druce. In: Ancient Science of Life , Volume 20, Issue 1-2, 2000, pp. 58-70. PMC 3336424 (free full text).
- ↑ Data sheet with photo at Flowers of India .
