Reinhold Wilhelm Buchholz
Reinhold Wilhelm Buchholz (born October 2, 1837 in Frankfurt an der Oder ; † April 17, 1876 in Greifswald ) was a German explorer, anatomist and zoologist ( crustaceans , herpetology , ichthyology ).
Life
Buchholz was the son of the division preacher Wilhelm Buchholz ( 5th Division ), but he lost him early. He studied medicine at the University of Königsberg with his doctorate in 1861 (with a dissertation on transplanted bone membranes). After that he had to work as a military doctor for several years, since he was only able to study medicine under this condition. In addition to his work, he dealt with zoology, for example anatomical work on the central nervous system of molluscs . Thanks to a successful submission to the king, he was exempted from military service in 1864 because of his already published work and became a conservator at the Zoological Museum in Greifswald. On a trip to Norway, he found a new species of parasitic marine isopods (genus Hemioniscus ). In 1865 he received an honorary doctorate in Königsberg for zoological work and completed his habilitation in zoology. He then studied parasitic mites from the museum's collection and found several new species in the genus Dermaleichus . He then traveled to Naples in 1867 and found new species of parasitic crustaceans here. With Leonard Landois he then devoted himself to the anatomy of spiders including a work on their spinning tools (1868).
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From 1869 to 1870 he took part in the Second German North Polar Expedition under the leadership of the captain of Germania Karl Koldewey on the sailing ship Hansa under captain Friedrich Hegemann with the geologist Gustav Carl Laube , who was also embarked .
The Hansa was enclosed in the ice, crushed and sank. The expedition participants were able to save themselves on an ice floe, drifted 1,500 kilometers south and landed after more than 6 months in Friedrichstal in southern Greenland. His collection of crustaceans was lost, but Professor Adolf Pansch from Kiel gave him his collection for processing (he named several species as thanks to Pansch).
From 1872 to 1875 he was with Anton Reichenow in Equatorial Africa and collected in Cameroon , on the Gold Coast , in Gabon , on the Ogowe and on Fernando Pó . In 1872 he became associate professor and in 1876 full professor of zoology at the University of Greifswald . He suffered from malaria in Africa , but did not die from it after returning to Greifswald , but from pneumonia in 1876 .
Together with Wilhelm Peters from Berlin, he described new types of amphibians , mammals (including a new type of squirrel ) and reptiles from Africa, and Peters processed the fish he had collected. He named Pantodon buchholzi and Raiamas buchholzi after Buchholz. Eduard von Martens worked on the freshwater mollusks, some of which he named after Buchholz, and Carl Plötz in Greifswald worked on the butterflies .
He also collected plants in Africa, and Adolf Engler named the genus of the capers Buchholzia after him. Wilhelm Michaelsen named the Enchytra genus Buchholzia in his honor in 1886 .
Buchholz was a member of the Natural Science Association for New Western Pomerania and Rügen . He was awarded the Order of the Red Eagle, 4th class . A bay on the east coast of Spitzbergen (Buchholzbukta) and Cape Buchholz in East Greenland are named after him.
Fonts
- About Hemioniscus, a new genus of parasitic isopods. In: Journal for Scientific Zoology . Volume 16 (3), 1866, pp. 303-327, plates 16-17. ( Archives )
- with Leonard Landois : Anatomical studies on the construction of the Araneiden. In: Archives for Anatomy, Physiology and Scientific Medicine. Vol. 1868, pp. 240-255. ( Hattitrust )
- Remarks on the species of the genus Dermaleichus Koch. Nova Acta Leopoldina, Volume 35, 1869. ( Archives )
- with Julius Münter : About Balanus improvisus Darw. var. gryphycus Münter. Contribution to the carcinological fauna of Germany. In: Communications from the scientific associations for New Western Pomerania and Rügen . Volume 1 (1), Berlin 1869, pp. 1-40. ( Archives )
- Contribution to the knowledge of the parasitic crustaceans of the Mediterranean living within the ascidia. In: Journal of Scientific Zoology. Volume 19, 1869. ( Archives )
- Section crustaceans . In: The second German north polar voyage in 1869 and 1870. Volume 2, Leipzig 1874. ( BHL )
- Country and people in West Africa. In: Virchow, Holtzendorff (Hrsg.): Collection of commonly understood scientific lectures . Issue 257, 1876.
- Carl Heinersdorff (Ed.): Reinhold Buchholz 'Travels in West Africa according to the diaries and letters he left behind. Brockhaus 1880. ( Archives , with biography)
literature
- Lothar Kampf : The physician, zoologist and researcher Reinhold Buchholz (1837–1876) - a tragic fate . In: Greifswald University Speeches. NF No. 147. Greifswald 2014, pp. 29–46. ( pdf )
- Lothar fights : Buchholz, Reinhold (1837–1876) . In: Dirk Alvermann , Nils Jörn (Hrsg.): Biographisches Lexikon für Pommern . Volume 2 (= publications of the Historical Commission for Pomerania. Series V, Volume 48.2). Böhlau Verlag, Cologne Weimar Vienna 2015, ISBN 978-3-412-22541-4 , pp. 35–41.
- Moritz Lindemann and Otto Finsch : The second German north polar voyage in 1869 and 1870, under the leadership of Captain Koldewey. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1875. ( Archive )
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ De periostei transplantationibus . Inaugural dissertation. Dalkowski, Regimonti 1861 Google Books
- ^ Directory of the members of the scientific association for New Western Pomerania and Rügen (1869)
- ↑ Buchholzbukta . In: The Place Names of Svalbard (first edition 1942). Norsk Polarinstitutt , Oslo 2001, ISBN 82-90307-82-9 (English, Norwegian).
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Buchholz, Reinhold Wilhelm |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German zoologist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 2, 1837 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Frankfurt Oder |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 17, 1876 |
| Place of death | Greifswald |